[logocopy.jpg] __________________________________________________________________ [spacer-1.gif] _______________________________________________________________________ » Main Page » Multimedia [spacer-blue.gif] Accident Videos Voice Recorders » Photos [spacer-blue.gif] Accident Photos Aircraft Photo Search » Features [spacer-blue.gif] Accident Database Accident Statistics Eyewitness Reports Feature Articles Full-Text Reports Investigations Search the N.T.S.B Special Reports » Discussion [spacer-blue.gif] Discussion Forum » Resources [spacer-blue.gif] Fear of Flying Books & Videos Definitions of Terms » This Site [spacer-blue.gif] About Us Contact Us [get.media?sid=1098&m=3&tp=7&d=s&c=1&vcm_acv=1.2] Special Report: September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks By: Chris Kilroy [0911-1.jpg] United Airlines Flight 175 is seen on its collision course with the south tower of the World Trade Center (top), and on impact. (File Photos/AP) September 11, 2001 brought the costliest man-made tragedy in the history of civilization to the United States of America. On this Tuesday morning, nineteen anti-American terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners - two of United Airlines, and two of American Airlines - with the intention of crashing them into prominent United States buildings. They were devestatingly successful. American Airlines Flight 11 North Tower, World Trade Center, New York City American Airlines Flight 11, operated by a Boeing 767-223ER (N334AA) on the morning of September 11, departed Runway 4R at Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts for the 5+ hour flight to Los Angeles, California at 7:59am local time. On board the aircraft were 81 passengers (including five hijackers), nine flight attendants, and the two pilots. Shortly after its departure, Flight 11 disappeared from FAA radar screens, and ceased responding to radio calls from air traffic controllers. At 8:24am, the Captain of another aircraft on the air traffic control frequency, United Airlines Flight 175, reported that "we heard a suspicious transmission on our departure from BOS. Sounds like someone keyed the mike and said everyone stay in your seats." Less than ninety seconds later, UA175 flight would suffer the same fate. [0911-2.jpg] The North WTC Tower begins to collapse. (File Photo/AP) At 8:45am, the aircraft was flown into the side of the North 110 floor tower - between the 80th and 90th floors - of the World Trade Center Plaza in New York City's financial district. The aircraft impacted the tower at an estimated 350 knots. This fact, combined with the large amount of burning jet fuel, led to severe structural damage within the tower, which caused its eventual collapse some 104 minutes later at 10:29am local time. United Airlines Flight 175 South Tower, World Trade Center, New York City United Airlines Flight 175, operated by a Boeing 767-222 (N612UA) on the morning of September 11, departed Runway 9 at Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts for the 5+ hour flight to Los Angeles, California at 8:14am local time. On board the aircraft were 56 passengers (including five hijackers), seven flight attendants, and the two pilots. Shortly after its departure, moments after its crew had reported suspicious radio transmissions from another flight to Boston ARTCC center, Flight 175 disappeared from FAA radar screens, and ceased responding to radio calls from air traffic controllers. At 9:03am, with hundreds of cameras around Manhattan focused on the World Trade Center complex, the aircraft was flown into the South 110 floor tower, between the 65th and 75th floors. Images of the collision were broadcast live around the world as television networks covered the previous aircraft collision some eighteen minutes earlier. Similar to AA11, the aircraft is estimated to have impacted the structure at approximately 350 knots, and the structural damage caused to the tower by the impact caused it to collapse 47 minutes later at 9:50am. American Airlines Flight 77 Pentagon (DOD Building), Washington, D.C. [0911-3.jpg] The damage at the Pentagon Building. (File Photo/AP) American Airlines Flight 77, operated by a Boeing 757-223 (N644AA) on the morning of September 11, departed Runway 30 at Washington Dulles International Airport for the 4+ hour flight to Los Angeles, California at 8:10am local time. On board the aircraft were 58 passengers (including five hijackers), four flight attendants, and the two pilots. Shortly after departure, the aircraft disappeared from FAA radar screens and ceased responding to air traffic control radio transmissions. The aircraft was turned around and flown back toward Washington, D.C. from the north. The aircraft then reportedly proceeded to descend over the White House, enter a tight 270° turn, and fly toward the U.S. Department of Defense Building (Pentagon) in northern Virginia. Witnesses reported that the aircraft clipped trees and lightposts as it descended at a high rate of speed, before impacting the the south-west face of the Pentagon Building. United Airlines Flight 93 Somerset, Pennsylvania United Airlines Flight 93, operated by a Boeing 757-222 (N591UA) on the morning of September 11, departed Newark International Airport near New York for the 5+ hour flight to San Francisco, California at 8:01am local time. On board the aircraft were 37 passengers (including four hijackers), five flight attendants, and the two pilots. Unlike the other aircraft hijacked this day, UA93 proceeded normally on course for over an hour, being hijacked at approximately 9:35am somewhere near Cleveland, Ohio while cruising at 35,000 feet. The aircraft's course was presumably changed to proceed to Washington, D.C. Investigators believe that the aircraft had a target of either the White House or the Capitol Building. It never made it that far. IFRAME: http://www.jetphotos.net/ad/rectangle.shtml Advertisement During the initial takeover, two Flight Attendants were reportedly killed near the front of the aircraft, while the remaining persons aboard the plane were herded toward the rear portion of the passenger cabin. Throughout the ordeal, these passengers and crewmembers were permitted to use cellular phones as well as the onboard AirFone system to contact loved ones. As word spread of the three other hijackings, and their end result, a group of passengers aboard UA93 began to develop a plan to regain control of the aircraft from the four hijackers. A GTE AirFone operator, speaking with one of the passengers on board, reported that the passenger had told her that the passengers had voted on whether to obey the hijackers, or challenge them, and that the vote had been to attempt to regain control of the plane. The AirFone operator then heard one of the passengers say "Let's roll," and the phone dropped to the floor. Staying on the line, she would later recall hearing sounds of loud comotion, yells and screams for the next several minutes, followed by the line going dead. United Flight 93 had crashed into a field in south-western Pennsylvania. The Human Toll Although the exact number of casualties as a result of the September 11 terrorist attacks will never be known, below are known details concerning fatalities: * American Airlines Flight 11: 81 passengers, 9 flight attendants, 2 pilots United Airlines Flight 175: 56 passengers, 7 flight attendants, 2 pilots American Airlines Flight 77: 58 passengers, 4 flight attendants, 2 pilots United Airlines Flight 93: 37 passengers, 5 flight attendants, 2 pilots World Trade Center: 524 confirmed casualties, 3,822 missing Pentagon (DOD) Building: 125 confirmed casualties * Figures accurate as of Nov 9, 2001 The Financial Toll Damages resulting from the September 11 terrorist attacks are expected to approach US$30 Billion, making the attacks the costliest man-made tragedy in history. The airline and travel industries were hit particularly hard following the attacks, with commercial passenger traffic in the United States dropping nearly 40% between September 10 and October 10, 2001, and world-wide traffic decreasing some 18%. The airline industry predicts that traffic will not return to pre-attack levels until nearly 2007. The Aftermath No one can say with any certainty what the lasting effects of the September 11 terrorist attacks will be. Below are changes that have been instituted within the airline industry since the attacks. - Numerous changes within airport buildings, including regulations that restrict curb-side baggage checkin, and prohibit non-passengers from passing the security checkpoints. Airports being patrolled by National Guard troops. - U.S. airlines have fortified cockpit doors, most often with stronger materials, and metal bars, to prevent intruders from gaining access to the cockpit. - Aircraft which either report a problem, or fail to respond to air traffic controllers, have been escorted back to airports for landing by military fighter jets. - President Bush has announced that high-ranking military officers have been granted the authority to down any aircraft deemed a threat to persons/structures on the ground. - An Airport Security Bill is currently under debate in Congress. The U.S. Senate passed a bill that would federalize all airport security workers and operations, while the House of Representatives later passed a bill that would maintain the current system of using civilian employees, while instituting Federal oversight of operations and employee performance. A compromise is expected to be agreed upon, and receive President Bush's signature, making it law. _______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1997-2013 AirDisaster.Com. All Rights Reserved. View our privacy statement & hassle-free usage policy. § Error 406 - Not Acceptable An error has occurred. Generally a 406 error is caused because a request has been blocked by Mod Security. If you believe that your request has been blocked by mistake please contact the web site owner. § #A to Z Terms of Use BBC Accessibility links * Skip to content * Skip to local navigation * Accessibility Help BBC iD BBC iD * Settings * Sign out BBC navigation * News * Sport * Weather * iPlayer * TV * Radio * More... Search term: ____________________ (Submit) Search History * History * The 9/11 terrorist attacks play 9/11 and the road to war Within a month of the attacks on the Twin Towers in New York on 11 September 2001, America had declared war on Afghanistan and invaded. Young British soldiers who have since fought in Afghanistan recall their feelings about 9/11. Smoke pours from the twin towers of the World Trade Center, 11 September 2001 (Robert Giroux/Getty Images) The 9/11 terrorist attacks 11 September 2001 On 11 September 2001, terrorists hijacked four aeroplanes and deliberately flew them into targets in the United States of America. These acts of terrorism killed almost 3,000 people and triggered the subsequent conflict in Afghanistan. Photo: Smoke pours from the twin towers of the World Trade Center, 11 September 2001 (Robert Giroux/Getty Images) Features in: The war in Afghanistan The war in Afghanistan This event features in: The war in Afghanistan Previous Event You are at the start of The war in Afghanistan Next Event The US refuses to negotiate with the Taliban September - November 2001 The US refuses to negotiate with the Taliban More information about: The 9/11 terrorist attacks On the morning of 11 September 2001, 19 hijackers took control of four commercial passenger jets flying out of airports on the east coast of the United States. Two of the aircraft were deliberately flown into the main two towers (the Twin Towers) of the World Trade Center in New York, with a third hitting the Pentagon in Virginia. The fourth plane never reached its intended target, crashing in Pennsylvania. It is believed that the passengers and crew overpowered the hijackers and took control of the plane. Symbolic attacks The Twin Towers were widely considered to be symbols of America's power and influence. The Pentagon is the headquarters of the US Department of Defense. Both 110-floor World Trade Center towers subsequently collapsed and substantial damage was caused to one wing of the Pentagon. Numerous other buildings at the World Trade Center site in lower Manhattan were destroyed or badly damaged. The total loss of life on 9/11 was nearly 3,000, including the 19 hijackers. It was the worst loss of life due to a terrorist incident on US soil. The days that followed saw a significant effect on world economic markets and international confidence. Suspicion falls on al-Qaeda Suspicion soon fell on the radical Sunni Islamist group, al-Qaeda ('The Base' in Arabic) founded in 1988 and led by Saudi-born Osama Bin Laden. There was good reason for this. Although difficult to confirm, it is thought al-Qaeda's involvement in world terrorism can be traced back to 1993, with the first World Trade Center bombing. Over the next 8 years, al-Qaeda were implicated in a series of major attacks on US forces: the shooting down of two American Black Hawk helicopters in Somalia in October 1993, the killing of 19 Americans in a bombing at a military housing complex in Saudi Arabia in 1996, the bombing of US embassies in Dar Es Salaam and Nairobi in 1998, with the loss of 223 lives, and the suicide attack on the USS Cole in 2000, which killed 17 servicemen and wounded 39. In 1996 Bin Laden called for his followers to "launch a guerrilla war against American forces and expel the infidels from the Arabian Peninsula" Soon after the 1998 embassy bombings, The Federal Bureau of Investigation placed Bin Laden on their Ten Most Wanted list, offering a reward of $25million for his capture. A new kind of enemy On the night of 11 September, with al-Qaeda widely believed to have conducted the attacks, President George W Bush described the events of that day as "evil, despicable acts of terror" and said the US was "at war with a new and different kind of enemy". The attack was denounced by governments worldwide. In October 2001, attacks were launched on Afghanistan by western coalition forces in conjunction with the anti-Taliban Afghan Northern Alliance BBC iPlayer TV Radio * play Pride and Prejudice: Having a Ball Pride and Prejudice: Having a Ball * play Episode 3 Episode 3 Episode 3: Westminster Abbey * play 1. Leading Ladies 1. Leading Ladies Episode 1: Morecambe & Wise In Pieces More History programmes on BBC iPlayer No radio programmes available More History programmes on BBC iPlayer Related BBC links * 9/11 Timeline: Story of the Day * Timeline: Al-Qaeda * How the twin towers were built * 9/11: Ten Years On * Special Report: 9/11 Ten Years On * Twin towers preserved in sound * Who are the Taliban? Elsewhere on the web * 9/11 Commission report * Daily Telegraph - September 11 Attacks * New York Times - 9/11 * 9/11 Attacks - 102 Minutes That Changed America * 9/11 Memorial * The Sonic Memorial Project * The Guardian - Is this the man who inspired Bin Laden? BBC links * + Mobile site + Terms of Use + About the BBC * + Privacy + Accessibility Help * + Cookies + Contact the BBC * + Parental Guidance BBC BBC (c) 2013 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read more. This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. 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Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so. § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Friday 27 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home» 2. News» 3. World News» 4. September 11 Attacks Memorials begin as America remembers 9/11 Presidents present and past lead the country in memory of the thousands of lives lost in the terrorist attacks of September 11 at services in New York, Pennsylvania and the Pentagon. 10:40AM BST 11 Sep 2011 Follow live coverage from New York, Washington and around the world as remembrance ceremonies are held to mark the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks President Bush, the country's leader at the time of the attacks but who has maintained a low profile since leaving office, took centre stage in two ceremonies yesterday. At the Pentagon, he led a brief and sombre silent tribute to the 184 people killed when a hijacked plane ploughed into the defence headquarters just outside Washington. Joined by his wife, Laura, he laid a wreath of white flowers by the memorial stone embedded in the wall where the plane struck. Mr Bush later joined Bill Clinton, the former president, and Vice-President Joe Biden at a ceremony dedicating the marble "wall of names" near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. It was there that an on-board rebellion by passengers and flight crew foiled plans by the hijackers of United 93 to fly into the US Capitol or the White House, forcing them down instead into a remote field. Meanwhile current President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama marked the day before the anniversary with a visit to Arlington National Cemetery. There they paid silent tribute to the US soldiers who have fallen in the Iraq and Afghanistan, conflicts brought about since 9/11 to prevent any such attack from occurring again. Related Articles * 9/11: Tribute in Light 12 Sep 2011 * 9/11 remembered around the world 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11: America remembers 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11: memorial service in New York 11 Sep 2011 * Manhattan falls silent 10 years on 11 Sep 2011 * Voices from the doomed planes 10 Sep 2011 The Obamas later volunteered in a Washington soup kitchen in order to promote a lasting notion that September 11 be held up as a day national service. In New York, residents came together in Lower Manhattan to hold hands to commemorate those lost in the atrocities, whilst candles were lit and two beams of light shone skywards from where the twin towers once stood at Ground Zero as darkness fell on the eve on the tenth anniversary. September 11 Attacks * World News » * North America » * USA » * Telegraph TV » * News Video » More Video Telegraph TV World News September 11 Attacks 9/11: interactive video timeline Advertisement RELATED VIDEO Ten years on from the September 11 attacks, US President Barack Obama tells the nation that America is a stronger place with al-Qaeda on 9/11: 'America will never waver' 10 Sep 2011 Filmed by shocked and bewildered workers in an adjacent office block, rarely seen amateur video shows the moment the South Tower collapsed on September 11. 9/11: Rare footage of South Tower collapse 10 Sep 2011 Bush's Chief of Staff Andy Card tells the President of the plane crashes into the World Trade Center, during a visit to the Emma E. Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Sept 11 2001 George W Bush recalls being informed of 9/11 attacks 07 Sep 2011 Advertisement Watch More » Own goal for player with puck in pants 24 Dec 2013 The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge pose for the formal portrait with their son Prince George and their immediate families Watch unseen footage of Prince George 25 Dec 2013 More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK Subscriptions 3 months for £1 Get 3 months subscription for just £1 View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Save up to 70% on luxury hotels and holidays View Telegraph Books Get the Matt 2014 calendar View Property Club Row of houses Sign up to the Telegraph Property Club fortnightly email View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #Wikipedia (en) copyright Wikipedia Atom feed September 11 attacks From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "9/11" redirects here. For the date, see September 11 or 9 November. For other uses, see September 11 attacks (disambiguation). Page semi-protected September 11 attacks A montage of eight images depicting, from top to bottom, the World Trade Center towers burning, the collapsed section of the Pentagon, the impact explosion in the south tower, a rescue worker standing in front of rubble of the collapsed towers, an excavator unearthing a smashed jet engine, three frames of video depicting airplane hitting the Pentagon. From top to bottom, and left to right: the World Trade Center burning; a section of the Pentagon collapses; Flight 175 crashes into 2 WTC; a fireman requests help at Ground Zero; an engine from Flight 93 is recovered; Flight 77 crashes into the Pentagon. Location New York City; Arlington County, Virginia; and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania Date Tuesday, September 11, 2001 (2001-09-11) 8:46 am–10:28 am (UTC-4) Attack type Aircraft hijackings, mass murder, suicide attacks, terrorism Deaths 2,996 (2,977 victims + 19 hijackers) Injured (non-fatal) 6,000+ Perpetrators Al-Qaeda^[1] (See also responsibility and hijackers) The September 11 attacks (also referred to as September 11, September 11th, or 9/11)^[nb 1] were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks launched by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda upon the United States in New York City and the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. Four passenger airliners were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists so they could be flown into buildings in suicide attacks. Two of those planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, were crashed into the North and South towers, respectively, of the World Trade Center complex in New York City. Within two hours, both towers collapsed with debris and the resulting fires causing partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the WTC complex, as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures. A third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was crashed into the Pentagon (the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense), leading to a partial collapse in its western side. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, was targeted at Washington, D.C.,^[2] but crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after its passengers tried to overcome the hijackers. In total, almost 3,000 people died in the attacks, including the 227 civilians and 19 hijackers aboard the four planes. It also was the deadliest incident for firefighters in the history of the United States. Suspicion quickly fell on al-Qaeda. Although the group's leader, Osama bin Laden, initially denied any involvement, in 2004, he claimed responsibility for the attacks.^[1] Al-Qaeda and bin Laden cited U.S. support of Israel, the presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq as motives for the attacks. The United States responded to the attacks by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, which had harbored al-Qaeda. Many countries strengthened their anti-terrorism legislation and expanded law enforcement powers. Having evaded capture for years, bin Laden was located and killed by U.S. forces in May 2011. The destruction of the Twin Towers and other properties caused serious damage to the economy of Lower Manhattan and had a significant effect on global markets, closing Wall Street until September 17 and the civilian airspace in the U.S. and Canada until September 13. Many closings, evacuations and cancellations followed the attack, either out of fear of further attacks or respect for the tragedy. Cleanup of the World Trade Center site was completed in May 2002, and the Pentagon was repaired within a year. Numerous memorials have been constructed, including the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in New York, the Pentagon Memorial, and the Flight 93 National Memorial in Pennsylvania. On November 18, 2006, Construction of One World Trade Center began at the World Trade Center site.^[3] As of September 2013, the new tower's concrete construction is largely complete, and will officially open when the installation of podium glass and interior construction is completed in late 2013 or early 2014.^[4] Contents * 1 Attacks + 1.1 Events + 1.2 Casualties + 1.3 Damage + 1.4 Rescue and recovery * 2 Attackers and their background + 2.1 al-Qaeda + 2.2 Osama bin Laden + 2.3 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed + 2.4 Other al-Qaeda members + 2.5 Motives * 3 Planning of the attacks * 4 Aftermath + 4.1 Immediate response + 4.2 Military operations following the attacks + 4.3 American response o 4.3.1 Hate crimes o 4.3.2 Muslim American response + 4.4 International response * 5 Long-term effects + 5.1 Economic aftermath + 5.2 Health effects + 5.3 Government policies toward terrorism + 5.4 Cultural impact * 6 Investigations + 6.1 FBI investigation + 6.2 9/11 Commission + 6.3 Collapse of the World Trade Center + 6.4 Internal review of the CIA * 7 Rebuilding and revitalization * 8 Memorials * 9 See also * 10 Citations * 11 External links Attacks See also: Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks Flight paths of the four planes used on September 11 Early on the morning of September 11, 2001, 19 hijackers took control of four commercial airliners (two Boeing 757 and two Boeing 767) en route to California (three headed to LAX in Los Angeles, and one to San Francisco) after takeoffs from Boston, Massachusetts; Newark, New Jersey; and Washington, D.C.^[5] Large planes with long flights were selected for hijacking because they would be heavily fueled.^[6] The four flights were: * American Airlines Flight 11: Left Boston's Logan Airport at 7:59 a.m. en route to Los Angeles with a crew of 11 and 76 passengers, not including five hijackers. The hijackers flew the plane into the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 a.m. * United Airlines Flight 175: Left Logan Airport at 8:14 a.m. en route to Los Angeles with a crew of nine and 51 passengers, not including five hijackers. The hijackers flew the plane into the South Tower of the World Trade Center at 9:03 a.m. * American Airlines Flight 77: Left Washington Dulles International Airport in Virginia at 8:20 a.m. en route to Los Angeles with a crew of six and 53 passengers, not including five hijackers. The hijackers flew the plane into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m. * United Airlines Flight 93: Left Newark International Airport at 8:42 a.m. en route to San Francisco, with a crew of seven and 33 passengers, not including four hijackers. As passengers attempted to subdue the hijackers, the aircraft crashed into the ground near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, at 10:03 a.m. Media coverage was intense during the attacks and aftermath, beginning moments after the first crash into the World Trade Center.^[7] Events At 8:46 a.m., five hijackers crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into the northern facade of the World Trade Center's North Tower (1 WTC), and at 9:03 a.m., another five hijackers crashed United Airlines Flight 175 into the southern facade of the South Tower (2 WTC).^[8]^[9] Five hijackers flew American Airlines Flight 77 into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m.^[10] A fourth flight, United Airlines Flight 93, under the control of four hijackers, crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, southeast of Pittsburgh, at 10:03 a.m. after the passengers fought the hijackers. Flight 93's target is believed to have been either the Capitol or the White House.^[6] Flight 93's cockpit voice recorder revealed crew and passengers tried to seize control of the plane from the hijackers after learning through phone calls that similarly hijacked planes had been crashed into buildings that morning.^[11] Once it became evident to the hijackers that the passengers might regain control of the plane, the hijackers rolled the plane and intentionally crashed it.^[12]^[13] The north face of Two World Trade Center (south tower) immediately after being struck by United Airlines Flight 175 Some passengers and crew members who called from the aircraft using the cabin airphone service and mobile phones provided details: several hijackers were aboard each plane; they used mace, tear gas, or pepper spray to overcome attendants; and some people aboard had been stabbed.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20] Reports indicated hijackers stabbed and killed pilots, flight attendants, and one or more passengers.^[5]^[21] In their final report, the 9/11 Commission found the hijackers had recently purchased multi-function hand tools and assorted knives and blades.^[22]^[23] A flight attendant on Flight 11, a passenger on Flight 175, and passengers on Flight 93 said the hijackers had bombs, but one of the passengers said he thought the bombs were fake. The FBI found no traces of explosives at the crash sites, and the 9/11 Commission concluded that the bombs were probably fake.^[5] Three buildings in the World Trade Center complex collapsed due to fire-induced structural failure.^[24] The South Tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m. after burning for 56 minutes in a fire caused by the impact of United Airlines Flight 175 and the explosion of its fuel.^[24] The North Tower collapsed at 10:28 a.m. after burning for 102 minutes.^[24] When the North Tower collapsed, debris fell on the nearby 7 World Trade Center building (7 WTC), damaging it and starting fires. These fires burned for hours, compromising the building's structural integrity, and 7 WTC collapsed at 5:21 p.m.^[25]^[26] The Pentagon sustained major damage. File:Pentagon Security Camera 1.ogv Security camera footage of Flight 77 hitting the Pentagon.^[27] The plane hits the Pentagon approximately 86 seconds after the beginning of this recording. At 9:40 a.m., the FAA grounded all aircraft within the continental U.S., and aircraft already in flight were told to land immediately. All international civilian aircraft were either turned back or redirected to airports in Canada or Mexico, and all international flights were banned from landing on U.S. soil for three days.^[28] The attacks created widespread confusion among news organizations and air traffic controllers. Among the unconfirmed and often contradictory news reports aired throughout the day, one of the most prevalent said a car bomb had been detonated at the U.S. State Department's headquarters in Washington, D.C.^[29] Another jet—Delta Air Lines Flight 1989—was suspected of having been hijacked, but the aircraft responded to controllers and landed safely in Cleveland, Ohio.^[30] In a September^[verification needed] 2002 interview, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who are believed to have organized the attacks, said Flight 93's intended target was the United States Capitol, not the White House.^[31] During the planning stage of the attacks, Mohamed Atta, the hijacker and pilot of Flight 11, thought the White House might be too tough a target and sought an assessment from Hani Hanjour, who would later hijack and pilot Flight 77.^[32] Mohammed said al-Qaeda initially planned to target nuclear installations rather than the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, but decided against it, fearing things could "get out of control".^[33] Final decisions on targets, according to Mohammed, were left in the hands of the pilots.^[32] Casualties Main articles: Casualties of the September 11 attacks and New York City Fire Department casualties of the September 11 attacks The remains of 6 World Trade Center, 7 World Trade Center, and 1 World Trade Center on September 17, 2001 The attacks resulted in the deaths of 2,996 people, including the 19 hijackers and 2,977 victims.^[34] The victims included 246 on the four planes (from which there were no survivors), 2,606 in New York City in the towers and on the ground, and 125 at the Pentagon.^[35]^[36] Nearly all of the victims were civilians; 55 military personnel were among those killed at the Pentagon.^[37] More than 90% of the workers and visitors who died in the towers had been at or above the points of impact.^[38] In the North Tower 1,355 people at or above the point of impact were trapped and died of smoke inhalation, fell or jumped from the tower to escape the smoke and flames, or were killed in the building's eventual collapse. The destruction of all three staircases in the tower when Flight 11 hit made it impossible for anyone above the impact zone to escape. One hundred seven people below the point of impact died as well.^[38] In the South Tower, one stairwell (A), was left intact after Flight 175 hit, allowing 14 people located on the floors of impact (including one man who saw the plane coming at him) and four more from the floors above to escape. 911 operators who received calls from individuals inside the tower were not well informed of the situation as it rapidly unfolded and as a result, told callers not to descend the tower on their own.^[39] 630 people died in that tower, fewer than half the number killed in the North Tower.^[38] Casualties in the South Tower were significantly reduced by some occupants deciding to start evacuating as soon as the North Tower was struck.^[40] Urban Search and Rescue Task Force German Shepherd dog works to uncover survivors at the site of the collapsed World Trade Center after the September 11, 2001 attacks. At least 200 people fell or jumped to their deaths from the burning towers (as exemplified in the photograph The Falling Man), landing on the streets and rooftops of adjacent buildings hundreds of feet below.^[41] Some occupants of each tower above the point of impact made their way toward the roof in hope of helicopter rescue, but the roof access doors were locked. No plan existed for helicopter rescues, and the combination of roof equipment and thick smoke and intense heat prevented helicopters from approaching.^[42] A total of 411 emergency workers died as they tried to rescue people and fight fires. The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) lost 340 firefighters, a chaplain and two paramedics.^[43] The New York City Police Department (NYPD) lost 23 officers.^[44] The Port Authority Police Department lost 37 officers.^[45] Eight emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics from private emergency medical services units were killed.^[46]^[47] Cantor Fitzgerald L.P., an investment bank on the 101st–105th floors of the North Tower, lost 658 employees, considerably more than any other employer.^[48] Marsh Inc., located immediately below Cantor Fitzgerald on floors 93–100, lost 358 employees,^[49]^[50] and 175 employees of Aon Corporation were also killed.^[51] The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) estimated that about 17,400 civilians were in the World Trade Center complex at the time of the attacks. Turnstile counts from the Port Authority suggest 14,154 people were typically in the Twin Towers by 8:45 a.m.^[52]^[53] The vast majority of people below the impact zone safely evacuated the buildings.^[54] After New York, New Jersey lost the most state citizens, with the city of Hoboken sustaining the most deaths.^[55] More than 90 countries lost citizens in the attacks on the World Trade Center.^[56] Two people were added to the official death toll after dying from health conditions linked to exposure to dust from the collapse of the World Trade Center.^[57]^[58] Deaths (+ hijackers) New York City World Trade Center 2,606^[35]^[59] American 11 87 + 5^[60] United 175 60 + 5^[61] Arlington Pentagon 125^[62] American 77 59 + 5^[63] Shanksville United 93 40 + 4^[64] Total 2,977 + 19 Weeks after the attack, the death toll was estimated to be over 6,000, more than twice the number of deaths eventually confirmed.^[65] The city was only able to identify remains for about 1,600 of the World Trade Center victims. The medical examiner's office collected "about 10,000 unidentified bone and tissue fragments that cannot be matched to the list of the dead".^[66] Bone fragments were still being found in 2006 by workers who were preparing to demolish the damaged Deutsche Bank Building. In 2010, a team of anthropologists and archaeologists searched for human remains and personal items at the Fresh Kills Landfill, where seventy-two more human remains were recovered, bringing the total found to 1,845. DNA profiling continues in an attempt to identify additional victims.^[67]^[68]^[69] The remains are being held in storage in Memorial Park, outside the New York City Medical Examiner’s facilities. It is expected that the remains will be moved in 2013 to a repository behind a wall at the 9/11 museum. In July 2011, a team of scientists at the Office of Chief Medical Examiner was still trying to identify remains, in the hope that improved technology will allow them to identify other victims.^[69] On September 16, 2013, the 1,638th victim was identified. There are still 1,115 victims that have not been identified.^[70] Damage See also: Artworks destroyed in the September 11 attacks World Trade Center site (Ground Zero) with an overlay showing the original building locations. The Pentagon was damaged by fire and partly collapsed. Along with the 110-floor Twin Towers, numerous other buildings at the World Trade Center site were destroyed or badly damaged, including WTC buildings 3 through 7 and St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church.^[71] The North Tower, South Tower, the Marriott Hotel (3 WTC) and 7 WTC were completely destroyed. The U.S. Customs House (6 World Trade Center), 4 World Trade Center, 5 World Trade Center, and both pedestrian bridges connecting buildings were severely damaged. The Deutsche Bank Building on 130 Liberty Street was partially damaged and demolished later.^[72]^[73] The two buildings of the World Financial Center also suffered damage.^[72] The Deutsche Bank Building across Liberty Street from the World Trade Center complex was later condemned as uninhabitable because of toxic conditions inside the office tower, and was deconstructed.^[74]^[75] The Borough of Manhattan Community College's Fiterman Hall at 30 West Broadway was condemned due to extensive damage in the attacks, and is being rebuilt.^[76] Other neighboring buildings including 90 West Street and the Verizon Building suffered major damage but have been restored.^[77] World Financial Center buildings, One Liberty Plaza, the Millenium Hilton, and 90 Church Street had moderate damage and have since been restored.^[78] Communications equipment on top of the North Tower was also destroyed, but media stations were quickly able to reroute signals and resume broadcasts.^[71]^[79] The Pentagon was severely damaged by the impact of American Airlines Flight 77 and ensuing fires, causing one section of the building to collapse.^[80] As it approached the Pentagon, the airplane's wings knocked over light poles and its right engine smashed into a power generator before crashing into the western side of the building, killing all 53 passengers, 5 hijackers, and 6 crew.^[81]^[82] The plane hit the Pentagon at the first-floor level. The front part of the fuselage disintegrated on impact, while the mid and tail sections kept moving for another fraction of a second.^[83] Debris from the tail section penetrated furthest into the building, breaking through 310 feet (94 m) of the three outermost of the building's five rings.^[83]^[84] Rescue and recovery See also: Rescue and recovery effort after the September 11 attacks An injured victim is being loaded into a paramedic van with the burning Pentagon in the background An injured victim of the Pentagon attack is evacuated. The New York City Fire Department deployed 200 units (half of the department) to the site. Their efforts were supplemented by numerous off-duty firefighters and emergency medical technicians.^[85]^[86]^[87] The New York City Police Department sent Emergency Service Units and other police personnel, and deployed its aviation unit. Once on the scene, the FDNY, NYPD, and Port Authority police did not coordinate efforts and performed redundant searches for civilians.^[85]^[88] As conditions deteriorated, the NYPD aviation unit relayed information to police commanders, who issued orders for its personnel to evacuate the towers; most NYPD officers were able to safely evacuate before the buildings collapsed.^[88]^[89] With separate command posts set up and incompatible radio communications between the agencies, warnings were not passed along to FDNY commanders. After the first tower collapsed, FDNY commanders issued evacuation warnings; however, due to technical difficulties with malfunctioning radio repeater systems, many firefighters never heard the evacuation orders. 9-1-1 dispatchers also received information from callers that was not passed along to commanders on the scene.^[86] Within hours of the attack, a substantial search and rescue operation was launched. After months of around-the-clock operations the World Trade Center site was cleared by the end of May 2002.^[90] Attackers and their background See also: Responsibility for the September 11 attacks, Hijackers in the September 11 attacks, Trials related to the September 11 attacks, and 20th hijacker al-Qaeda * v * t * e Major attacks by al-Qaeda * 1993 World Trade Center bombing * 1998 United States embassy bombings * USS Cole * September 11 attacks * Riyadh * Istanbul * 2004 Madrid train bombings * 2004 Khobar massacre * 7/7 London * Qahtaniya * April 2007 Algiers bombings * December 2007 Algiers bombings * Islamabad See also: al-Qaeda The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. Osama bin Laden traveled to Afghanistan and helped organize Arab mujahideen to resist the Soviets.^[91] Under the guidance of Ayman al-Zawahiri, bin Laden became more radical.^[92] In 1996 bin Laden issued his first fatwā, calling for American soldiers to leave Saudi Arabia.^[93] In a second fatwā in 1998, bin Laden outlined his objections to American foreign policy with respect to Israel, as well as the continued presence of American troops in Saudi Arabia after the Gulf War.^[94] Bin Laden used Islamic texts to exhort Muslims to attack Americans until the stated grievances are reversed, and according to bin Laden, Muslim legal scholars, "have throughout Islamic history unanimously agreed that the jihad is an individual duty if the enemy destroys the Muslim countries."^[94] Osama bin Laden See also: Osama bin Laden, Death of Osama bin Laden, and Videos of Osama bin Laden 1997 picture of Osama bin Laden Bin Laden, who orchestrated the attacks, initially denied but later admitted involvement.^[1]^[95]^[96] Al Jazeera broadcast a statement by bin Laden on September 16, 2001, stating, "I stress that I have not carried out this act, which appears to have been carried out by individuals with their own motivation."^[97] In November 2001, U.S. forces recovered a videotape from a destroyed house in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. In the tape, bin Laden is seen talking to Khaled al-Harbi and admits foreknowledge of the attacks.^[98] On December 27, 2001, a second bin Laden video was released. In the video, he said, "It has become clear that the West in general and America in particular have an unspeakable hatred for Islam....It is the hatred of crusaders. Terrorism against America deserves to be praised because it was a response to injustice, aimed at forcing America to stop its support for Israel, which kills our people...We say that the end of the United States is imminent, whether Bin Laden or his followers are alive or dead, for the awakening of the Muslim umma (nation) has occurred", but he stopped short of admitting responsibility for the attacks.^[99] The transcript references several times to the United States specifically targeting Muslims. Shortly before the U.S. presidential election in 2004, in a taped statement, bin Laden publicly acknowledged al-Qaeda's involvement in the attacks on the U.S. and admitted his direct link to the attacks. He said that the attacks were carried out because, "we are free ... and want to regain freedom for our nation. As you undermine our security we undermine yours."^[100] Bin Laden said he had personally directed his followers to attack the World Trade Center.^[96]^[101] Another video obtained by Al Jazeera in September 2006 shows bin Laden with Ramzi bin al-Shibh, as well as two hijackers, Hamza al-Ghamdi and Wail al-Shehri, as they make preparations for the attacks.^[102] The U.S. never formally indicted bin Laden for the 9/11 attacks but he was on the FBI's Most Wanted List for the bombings of the U.S. Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya.^[103]^[104] After a nearly 10-year manhunt, bin Laden was killed by American special forces in a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan on May 2, 2011.^[105]^[106] Khalid Sheikh Mohammed See also: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Khalid Sheikh Mohammed after his capture in 2003 The journalist Yosri Fouda of the Arabic television channel Al Jazeera reported that in April 2002, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed admitted his involvement, along with Ramzi bin al-Shibh.^[107]^[108]^[109] The 9/11 Commission Report determined that the animosity towards the United States felt by Mohammed, the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed from his "violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel".^[110] Mohammed was also an adviser and financier of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the uncle of Ramzi Yousef, the lead bomber in that attack.^[111]^[112] Mohammed was arrested on March 1, 2003, in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by Pakistani security officials working with the CIA, then transported to Guantanamo Bay and interrogated using methods including waterboarding.^[113]^[114] During U.S. hearings at Guantanamo Bay in March 2007, Mohammed again confessed his responsibility for the attacks, stating he "was responsible for the 9/11 operation from A to Z" and that his statement was not made under duress.^[109]^[115] Other al-Qaeda members In "Substitution for Testimony of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed" from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui, five people are identified as having been completely aware of the operation's details. They are bin Laden, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Abu Turab al-Urduni and Mohammed Atef.^[116] To date, only peripheral figures have been tried or convicted for the attacks. On September 26, 2005, the Spanish high court sentenced Abu Dahdah to 27 years in prison for conspiracy on the 9/11 attacks and being a member of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. At the same time, another 17 al-Qaeda members were sentenced to penalties of between six and eleven years.^[117] On February 16, 2006, the Spanish Supreme Court reduced the Abu Dahdah penalty to 12 years because it considered that his participation in the conspiracy was not proven.^[118] Also in 2006, Moussaoui, who some originally suspected might have been the assigned 20th hijacker, was convicted for the lesser role of conspiracy to commit acts of terrorism and air piracy. He is serving a life sentence without parole.^[119]^[120] Mounir el-Motassadeq, an associate of the Hamburg-based hijackers, is serving 15 years for his role in helping the hijackers prepare for the attacks.^[121] The Hamburg cell in Germany included radical Islamists who eventually came to be key operatives in the 9/11 attacks.^[122] Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Said Bahaji were all members of al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell.^[123] Motives See also: Motives for the September 11 attacks Osama bin Laden's declaration of a holy war against the United States, and a 1998 fatwā signed by bin Laden and others, calling for the killing of American civilians,^[94] are seen by investigators as evidence of his motivation.^[124] In bin Laden's November 2002 "Letter to America", he explicitly stated that al-Qaeda's motives for their attacks include * Support for the "attacks against Muslims" in Somalia * Support of Russian "atrocities against Muslims" in Chechnya * Support of Indian "oppression against Muslims" in Kashmir * The presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia^[125]^[126] * U.S. support of Israel^[127]^[128] * The sanctions against Iraq^[129] After the attacks, bin Laden and al-Zawahiri released additional video tapes and audio tapes, some of which repeated those reasons for the attacks. Two particularly important publications were bin Laden's 2002 "Letter to America",^[130] and a 2004 video tape by bin Laden.^[131] Bin Laden interpreted the Prophet Muhammad as having banned the "permanent presence of infidels in Arabia".^[132] In 1996, bin Laden issued a fatwā calling for American troops to leave Saudi Arabia. In 1998, al-Qaeda wrote, "for over seven years the United States has been occupying the lands of Islam in the holiest of places, the Arabian Peninsula, plundering its riches, dictating to its rulers, humiliating its people, terrorizing its neighbors, and turning its bases in the Peninsula into a spearhead through which to fight the neighboring Muslim peoples."^[133] In a December 1999 interview, bin Laden said he felt that Americans were "too near to Mecca", and considered this a provocation to the entire Muslim world.^[134] One analysis of suicide terrorism suggested that without U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, al-Qaeda likely would not have been able to get people to commit to suicide missions.^[135] In the 1998 fatwā, al-Qaeda identified the Iraq sanctions as a reason to kill Americans, condemning the "protracted blockade"^[133] among other actions that constitute a declaration of war against "Allah, his messenger, and Muslims."^[133] The fatwā declared that "the ruling to kill the Americans and their allies – civilians and military – is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque and the holy mosque of Mecca from their grip, and in order for their [the Americans'] armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim."^[136]^[137] Bin Laden claimed, in 2004, that the idea of destroying the towers had first occurred to him in 1982, when he witnessed Israel's bombardment of high-rise apartment buildings during the 1982 Lebanon War.^[138]^[139] Some analysts, including Mearsheimer and Walt, also claim that one motivation for the attacks was U.S. support of Israel.^[128]^[134] In 2004 and 2010, bin Laden again connected the September 11 attacks with U.S. support of Israel, although most of the letter expressed bin Laden's disdain with President Bush and bin Laden's hope to "destroy and bankrupt" the U.S.^[140]^[141] In addition to those cited by bin Laden and al-Qaeda, analysts have suggested other motives, including western support of Islamist and non-Islamist authoritarian regimes in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan and northern Africa, and the presence of western troops in some of these countries.^[142] Other authors suggest the "humiliation" resulting from the Islamic world falling behind the Western world – this discrepancy rendered especially visible by the globalization trend^[143]^[144] and a desire to provoke the U.S. into a broader war against the Islamic world in the hope of motivating more allies to support al-Qaeda. Others have argued that 9/11 was a strategic move with the objective of provoking America into a war that would incite a pan-Islamic revolution.^[145]^[146] Planning of the attacks See also: Planning of the September 11 attacks ground zero and surrounding area as seen from directly above depicting where the two planes impacted the towers Map showing the attacks on the World Trade Center (the planes are not drawn to scale) Diagram showing the attacks on the World Trade Center The idea for the attacks came from Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who first presented it to Osama bin Laden in 1996.^[147] At that time, bin Laden and al-Qaeda were in a period of transition, having just relocated back to Afghanistan from Sudan.^[148] The 1998 African Embassy bombings and bin Laden's 1998 fatwā marked a turning point, as bin Laden became intent on attacking the United States.^[148] In late 1998 or early 1999, bin Laden gave approval for Mohammed to go forward with organizing the plot. A series of meetings occurred in early 1999, involving Mohammed, bin Laden, and his deputy Mohammed Atef.^[148] Atef provided operational support for the plot, including target selections and helping arrange travel for the hijackers.^[148] Bin Laden overruled Mohammed, rejecting some potential targets such as the U.S. Bank Tower in Los Angeles because, "there was not enough time to prepare for such an operation".^[149]^[150] Bin Laden provided leadership and financial support for the plot, and was involved in selecting participants.^[151] Bin Laden initially selected Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar, both experienced jihadists who had fought in Bosnia. Hazmi and Mihdhar arrived in the United States in mid-January 2000. In spring 2000, Hazmi and Mihdhar took flying lessons in San Diego, California, but both spoke little English, did poorly with flying lessons, and eventually served as secondary – or "muscle" – hijackers.^[152]^[153] In late 1999, a group of men from Hamburg, Germany, arrived in Afghanistan, including Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, and Ramzi bin al-Shibh.^[154] Bin Laden selected these men because they were educated, could speak English, and had experience living in the west.^[155] New recruits were routinely screened for special skills and al-Qaeda leaders consequently discovered that Hani Hanjour already had a commercial pilot's license.^[156] Hanjour arrived in San Diego on December 8, 2000, joining Hazmi.^[157] They soon left for Arizona, where Hanjour took refresher training. Marwan al-Shehhi arrived at the end of May 2000, while Atta arrived on June 3, 2000, and Jarrah arrived on June 27, 2000. Bin al-Shibh applied several times for a visa to the United States, but as a Yemeni, he was rejected out of concerns he would overstay his visa and remain as an illegal immigrant. Bin al-Shibh stayed in Hamburg, providing coordination between Atta and Mohammed. The three Hamburg cell members all took pilot training in South Florida. In spring 2001, the secondary hijackers began arriving in the United States.^[158] In July 2001, Atta met with bin al-Shibh in Spain, where they coordinated details of the plot, including final target selection. Bin al-Shibh also passed along bin Laden's wish for the attacks to be carried out as soon as possible.^[159] Aftermath Immediate response Three high-level politicians and a General, all displaying grim facial expressions, flank the main speaker. Eight hours after the attacks, Donald Rumsfeld, then U.S. Secretary of Defense, declares "The Pentagon is functioning." See also: Airport security repercussions due to the September 11 attacks, Closings and cancellations following the September 11 attacks, Aftermath of the September 11 attacks, Reactions to the September 11 attacks, U.S. government response to the September 11 attacks, and U.S. military response during the September 11 attacks At 8:32 a.m., Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) officials were notified Flight 11 had been hijacked and they in turn notified the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). NORAD scrambled two F-15s from Otis Air National Guard Base in Massachusetts and they were airborne by 8:53 a.m.^[160] Because of slow and confused communication from FAA officials, NORAD had 9 minutes' notice that Flight 11 had been hijacked, and no notice about any of the other flights before they crashed.^[160] After both of the Twin Towers had already been hit, more fighters were scrambled from Langley Air Force Base in Virginia at 9:30 a.m.^[160] At 10:20 a.m. Vice President Dick Cheney issued orders to shoot down any commercial aircraft that could be positively identified as being hijacked. However, these instructions were not relayed in time for the fighters to take action.^[160]^[161]^[162]^[163] Some fighters took to the air without live ammunition, knowing that to prevent the hijackers from striking their intended targets, the pilots might have to intercept and crash their fighters into the hijacked planes, possibly ejecting at the last moment.^[164] For the first time in U.S. history, SCATANA was invoked, closing all airspace and immediately grounding all non-emergency civilian aircraft in the United States, Canada, and several other countries,^[165] thus stranding tens of thousands of passengers across the world.^[166] The Federal Aviation Administration closed American airspace to all international flights, causing about five hundred flights to be turned back or redirected to other countries. Canada received 226 of the diverted flights and launched Operation Yellow Ribbon to deal with the large numbers of grounded planes and stranded passengers.^[167] The 9/11 attacks had immediate effects upon the American people.^[168] Police and rescue workers from around the country took leaves of absence, traveling to New York City to help recover bodies from the twisted remnants of the Twin Towers.^[169] Blood donations across the U.S. surged in the weeks after 9/11.^[170]^[171] The deaths of adults who were killed in the attacks or died in rescue operations resulted in over 3,000 children losing a parent.^[172] Subsequent studies documented children's reactions to these actual losses and to feared losses of life, the protective environment in the aftermath of the attacks, and effects on surviving caregivers.^[173]^[174]^[175] Military operations following the attacks See also: War on Terror At 2:40 p.m. in the afternoon of September 11, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld was issuing rapid orders to his aides to look for evidence of Iraqi involvement. According to notes taken by senior policy official Stephen Cambone, Rumsfeld asked for, "Best info fast. Judge whether good enough hit S.H." (Saddam Hussein) "at same time. Not only UBL" (Osama bin Laden).^[176] Cambone's notes quoted Rumsfeld as saying, "Need to move swiftly – Near term target needs – go massive – sweep it all up. Things related and not."^[177]^[178] A line of soldiers carrying equipment on their backs walking toward a transport helicopter in desert terrain U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan The NATO council declared the attacks on the United States were an attack on all NATO nations which satisfied Article 5 of the NATO charter. This marked the first invocation of Article 5, which had been written during the Cold War with an attack by the Soviet Union in mind.^[179] Australian Prime Minister John Howard who was in Washington D.C. during the attacks invoked Article IV of the ANZUS treaty.^[180] The Bush administration announced a War on Terror, with the stated goals of bringing bin Laden and al-Qaeda to justice and preventing the emergence of other terrorist networks. These goals would be accomplished by imposing economic and military sanctions against states harboring terrorists, and increasing global surveillance and intelligence sharing. On September 14, 2001, the U.S. Congress passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists. Still in effect, it grants the President the authority to use all "necessary and appropriate force" against those whom he determined "planned, authorized, committed or aided" the September 11th attacks, or who harbored said persons or groups. On October 7, 2001, the War in Afghanistan began when U.S. and British forces initiated aerial bombing campaigns targeting Taliban and al-Qaeda camps, then later invaded Afghanistan with ground troops of the Special Forces. The overthrow of the Taliban rule of Afghanistan by a U.S.-led coalition was the second-biggest operation of the U.S. Global War on Terrorism outside of the United States, and the largest directly connected to terrorism. Conflict in Afghanistan between the Taliban insurgency and the International Security Assistance Force is ongoing. The Philippines and Indonesia, among other nations with their own internal conflicts with Islamic terrorism, also increased their military readiness.^[181]^[182] American response Sorry, your browser either has JavaScript disabled or does not have any supported player. You can download the clip or download a player to play the clip in your browser. At a joint session of Congress, President Bush pledges to defend America's freedom against the fear of terrorism, September 20, 2001 (audio only). Following the attacks, President Bush's approval rating soared to 90%.^[183] On September 20, 2001 he addressed the nation and a joint session of the United States Congress regarding the events of September 11 and the subsequent nine days of rescue and recovery efforts, and described his intended response to the attacks. New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani's highly visible role won him high praise in New York and nationally.^[184] Many relief funds were immediately set up to assist victims of the attacks, with the task of providing financial assistance to the survivors of the attacks and to the families of victims. By the deadline for victim's compensation on September 11, 2003, 2,833 applications had been received from the families of those who were killed.^[185] Statement by President Bush in his Address to the Nation Sorry, your browser either has JavaScript disabled or does not have any supported player. You can download the clip or download a player to play the clip in your browser. George W. Bush's address to the people of the United States, September 11, 2001, 8:30 pm EDT. __________________________________________________________________ Problems playing this file? See media help. Contingency plans for the continuity of government and the evacuation of leaders were implemented almost immediately after the attacks.^[166] However, Congress was not told that the United States had been under a continuity of government status until February 2002.^[186] In the largest restructuring of the U.S. government in contemporary history, the United States enacted the Homeland Security Act of 2002, creating the Department of Homeland Security. Congress also passed the USA PATRIOT Act, saying it would help detect and prosecute terrorism and other crimes.^[187] Civil liberties groups have criticized the PATRIOT Act, saying it allows law enforcement to invade the privacy of citizens and that it eliminates judicial oversight of law enforcement and domestic intelligence.^[188]^[189]^[190] In an effort to effectively combat future acts of terrorism, the National Security Agency (NSA) was given broad powers. NSA commenced warrantless surveillance of telecommunications which was sometimes criticized since it permitted the agency "to eavesdrop on telephone and e-mail communications between the United States and people overseas without a warrant".^[191] Hate crimes Numerous incidents of harassment and hate crimes against Muslims and South Asians were reported in the days following the 9/11 attacks.^[192]^[dead link]^[193]^[194]^[dead link] Sikhs were also targeted because Sikh males usually wear turbans, which are stereotypically associated with Muslims. There were reports of attacks on mosques and other religious buildings (including the firebombing of a Hindu temple), and assaults on people, including one murder: Balbir Singh Sodhi, a Sikh mistaken for a Muslim, was fatally shot on September 15, 2001, in Mesa, Arizona.^[194] According to an academic study, people perceived to be Middle Eastern were as likely to be victims of hate crimes as followers of Islam during this time. The study also found a similar increase in hate crimes against people who may have been perceived as Muslims, Arabs and others thought to be of Middle Eastern origin.^[195]^[dead link] A report by the South Asian American advocacy group known as South Asian Americans Leading Together, documented media coverage of 645 bias incidents against Americans of South Asian or Middle Eastern descent between September 11 and 17. Various crimes such as vandalism, arson, assault, shootings, harassment, and threats in numerous places were documented.^[196]^[dead link]^[197] Muslim American response Muslim organizations in the United States were swift to condemn the attacks and called "upon Muslim Americans to come forward with their skills and resources to help alleviate the sufferings of the affected people and their families".^[198] These organizations included the Islamic Society of North America, American Muslim Alliance, American Muslim Council, Council on American-Islamic Relations, Islamic Circle of North America, and the Shari'a Scholars Association of North America. Along with monetary donations, many Islamic organizations launched blood drives and provided medical assistance, food, and shelter for victims.^[199]^[200]^[201] International response See also: Reactions to the September 11 attacks Vladimir Putin and his wife attending a commemoration service for the victims of the September 11 attacks, November 16, 2001 The attacks were denounced by mass media and governments worldwide. Across the globe, nations offered pro-American support and solidarity.^[202] Leaders in most Middle Eastern countries, and Afghanistan, condemned the attacks. Iraq was a notable exception, with an immediate official statement that, "the American cowboys are reaping the fruit of their crimes against humanity".^[203]^[dead link] While the government of Saudi Arabia officially condemned the attacks, privately many Saudis favored bin Laden's cause.^[204]^[205] As in the United States, the aftermath of the attacks saw tensions increase in other countries between Muslims and non-Muslims.^[206] United Nations Security Council Resolution 1368 condemned the attacks, and expressed readiness to take all necessary steps to respond and combat all forms of terrorism in accordance with their Charter.^[207] Numerous countries introduced anti-terrorism legislation and froze bank accounts they suspected of al-Qaeda ties.^[208]^[209] Law enforcement and intelligence agencies in a number of countries arrested alleged terrorists.^[210]^[211] Tens of thousands of people attempted to flee Afghanistan following the attacks, fearing a response by the United States. Pakistan, already home to many Afghan refugees from previous conflicts, closed its border with Afghanistan on September 17, 2001. Approximately one month after the attacks, the United States led a broad coalition of international forces to overthrow the Taliban regime from Afghanistan for their harboring of al-Qaeda.^[212]^[dead link] Though Pakistani authorities were initially reluctant to align themselves with the United States against the Taliban, they permitted the coalition access to their military bases, and arrested and handed over to the U.S. over 600 suspected al-Qaeda members.^[213]^[214] The U.S. set up the Guantanamo Bay detention camp to hold inmates they defined as "illegal enemy combatants". The legitimacy of these detentions has been questioned by the European Union and human rights organizations.^[215]^[216]^[217] Long-term effects Economic aftermath The 9/11 attacks had a major effect on the economy of New York City. See also: Economic effects arising from the September 11 attacks The attacks had a significant economic impact on United States and world markets.^[218] The stock exchanges did not open on September 11 and remained closed until September 17. Reopening, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) fell 684 points, or 7.1%, to 8921, a record-setting one-day point decline.^[219] By the end of the week, the DJIA had fallen 1,369.7 points (14.3%), at the time its largest one-week point drop in history.^[220] In 2001 dollars, U.S. stocks lost $1.4 trillion in valuation for the week.^[220] In New York City, about 430,000 job-months and $2.8 billion dollars in wages were lost in the three months after the attacks. The economic effects were mainly on the economy's export sectors.^[221] The city's GDP was estimated to have declined by $27.3 billion for the last three months of 2001 and all of 2002. The U.S. government provided $11.2 billion in immediate assistance to the Government of New York City in September 2001, and $10.5 billion in early 2002 for economic development and infrastructure needs.^[222] U.S. deficit and debt increases 2001–08 Also hurt were small businesses in Lower Manhattan near the World Trade Center, 18,000 of which were destroyed or displaced, resulting in lost jobs and their consequent wages. Assistance was provided by Small Business Administration loans, federal government Community Development Block Grants, and Economic Injury Disaster Loans.^[222] Some 31,900,000 square feet (2,960,000 m^2) of Lower Manhattan office space was damaged or destroyed.^[223] Many wondered whether these jobs would return, and if the damaged tax base would recover.^[224] Studies of the economic effects of 9/11 show the Manhattan office real-estate market and office employment were less affected than first feared, because of the financial services industry's need for face-to-face interaction.^[225]^[226] North American air space was closed for several days after the attacks and air travel decreased upon its reopening, leading to a nearly 20% cutback in air travel capacity, and exacerbating financial problems in the struggling U.S. airline industry.^[227] The September 11 attacks also led indirectly to the U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq,^[228] as well as additional homeland security spending, totaling at least $5 trillion.^[229] Health effects See also: Health effects arising from the September 11 attacks Survivors were covered in dust after the collapse of the towers. Hundreds of thousands of tons of toxic debris containing more than 2,500 contaminants, including known carcinogens, were spread across Lower Manhattan due to the collapse of the Twin Towers.^[230]^[231] Exposure to the toxins in the debris is alleged to have contributed to fatal or debilitating illnesses among people who were at ground zero.^[232]^[233] The Bush administration ordered the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to issue reassuring statements regarding air quality in the aftermath of the attacks, citing national security, but the EPA did not determine that air quality had returned to pre-September 11 levels until June 2002.^[234] Health effects extended to residents, students, and office workers of Lower Manhattan and nearby Chinatown.^[235] Several deaths have been linked to the toxic dust, and the victims' names were included in the World Trade Center memorial.^[236] Approximately 18,000 people have been estimated to have developed illnesses as a result of the toxic dust.^[237] There is also scientific speculation that exposure to various toxic products in the air may have negative effects on fetal development. A notable children's environmental health center is currently analyzing the children whose mothers were pregnant during the WTC collapse, and were living or working nearby.^[238] A study of rescue workers released in April 2010 found that all those studied had impaired lung functions, and that 30–40% were reporting little or no improvement in persistent symptoms that started within the first year of the attack.^[239] Years after the attacks, legal disputes over the costs of illnesses related to the attacks were still in the court system. On October 17, 2006, a federal judge rejected New York City's refusal to pay for health costs for rescue workers, allowing for the possibility of numerous suits against the city.^[240] Government officials have been faulted for urging the public to return to lower Manhattan in the weeks shortly after the attacks. Christine Todd Whitman, administrator of the EPA in the aftermath of the attacks, was heavily criticized by a U.S. District Judge for incorrectly saying that the area was environmentally safe.^[241] Mayor Giuliani was criticized for urging financial industry personnel to return quickly to the greater Wall Street area.^[242] The United States Congress passed the James L. Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act on December 22, 2010, and President Barack Obama signed the act into law on January 2, 2011. It allocated $4.2 billion to create the World Trade Center Health Program, which provides testing and treatment for people suffering from long-term health problems related to the 9/11 attacks.^[243]^[244] The WTC Health Program replaced preexisting 9/11-related health programs such as the Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program and the WTC Environmental Health Center program.^[244] Government policies toward terrorism As a result of the attacks, many governments across the world passed legislation to combat terrorism.^[245] In Germany, where several of the 9/11 terrorists had resided and taken advantage of that country's liberal asylum policies, two major anti-terrorism packages were enacted. The first removed legal loopholes that permitted terrorists to live and raise money in Germany. The second addressed the effectiveness and communication of intelligence and law enforcement.^[246] Canada passed the Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act, that nation's first anti-terrorism law.^[247] The United Kingdom passed the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 and the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005.^[248]^[249] New Zealand enacted the Terrorism Suppression Act 2002.^[250] In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security was created to coordinate domestic anti-terrorism efforts. The USA Patriot Act gave the federal government greater powers, including the authority to detain foreign terror suspects for a week without charge, to monitor telephone communications, e-mail, and Internet use by terror suspects, and to prosecute suspected terrorists without time restrictions. The Federal Aviation Administration ordered that airplane cockpits be reinforced to prevent terrorists gaining control of planes, and assigned sky marshals to flights. Further, the Aviation and Transportation Security Act made the federal government, rather than airports, responsible for airport security. The law created a federal security force to inspect passengers and luggage, causing long delays and concern over passenger privacy.^[251] Cultural impact See also: List of cultural references to the September 11 attacks and List of entertainment affected by the September 11 attacks The impact of 9/11 extends beyond geopolitics into society and culture in general. Immediate responses to 9/11 included greater focus on home life and time spent with family, higher church attendance, and increased expressions of patriotism such as the flying of flags.^[252] The radio industry responded by removing certain songs from playlists, and the attacks have subsequently been used as background, narrative or thematic elements in film, television, music and literature. Already-running television shows as well as programs developed after 9/11 have reflected post-9/11 cultural concerns.^[253] 9/11 conspiracy theories have become social phenomena, despite negligible support for such views from expert scientists, engineers, and historians.^[254] 9/11 has also had a major impact on the religious faith of many individuals; for some it strengthened, to find consolation to cope with the loss of loved ones and overcome their grief; others started to question their faith or lost it entirely, because they couldn't reconcile it with their view of religion.^[255]^[256] The culture of America succeeding the attacks is noted for heightened security and an increased demand thereof, as well as paranoia and anxiety regarding future terrorist attacks that includes most of the nation. Psychologists have also confirmed that there has been an increased amount of national anxiety in commercial air travel.^[257] Investigations FBI investigation A head shot of a man in his thirties looking expressionless toward the camera Mohamed Atta, an Egyptian national, was the ringleader of the hijackers. Immediately after the attacks, the Federal Bureau of Investigation started PENTTBOM, the largest criminal inquiry in the history of the United States. At its height, more than half of the FBI's agents worked on the investigation and followed a half-million leads.^[258] The FBI concluded that there was "clear and irrefutable" evidence linking al-Qaeda and bin Laden to the attacks.^[259] The FBI was quickly able to identify the hijackers, including leader Mohamed Atta, when his luggage was discovered at Boston's Logan Airport. Atta had been forced to check two of his three bags due to space limitations on the 19-seat commuter flight he took to Boston.^[260] Due to a new policy instituted to prevent flight delays, the luggage failed to make it aboard American Airlines Flight 11 as planned. The luggage contained the hijackers' names, assignments and al-Qaeda connections. "It had all these Arab-language (sic) papers that amounted to the Rosetta stone of the investigation", said one FBI agent.^[261] Within hours of the attacks, the FBI released the names and in many cases the personal details of the suspected pilots and hijackers.^[262]^[263] By midday, the U.S. National Security Agency and German intelligence agencies had intercepted communications pointing to Osama bin Laden.^[264]^[265] On September 27, 2001, the FBI released photos of the 19 hijackers, along with information about possible nationalities and aliases.^[266] Fifteen of the men were from Saudi Arabia, two from the United Arab Emirates, one (Atta) from Egypt, and one from Lebanon.^[267] CAPTION: Origins of the 19 hijackers Nationality Number Saudi Arabia 15 United Arab Emirates 2 Egypt 1 Lebanon 1 9/11 Commission See also: 9/11 Commission The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission), chaired by former New Jersey Governor Thomas Kean, was formed in late 2002 to prepare a thorough account of the circumstances surrounding the attacks, including preparedness for and the immediate response to the attacks.^[268] On July 22, 2004, the 9/11 Commission issued the 9/11 Commission Report. The report detailed the events of 9/11, found the attacks were carried out by members of al-Qaeda, and examined how security and intelligence agencies were inadequately coordinated to prevent the attacks. Formed from an independent bipartisan group of mostly former Senators, Representatives, and Governors, the commissioners explained, "We believe the 9/11 attacks revealed four kinds of failures: in imagination, policy, capabilities, and management".^[269] The commission made numerous recommendations on how to prevent future attacks, and in 2011 was dismayed that several of its recommendations had yet to be implemented.^[270] Collapse of the World Trade Center Main articles: Collapse of the World Trade Center and 7 World Trade Center#9/11 and collapse The exterior support columns from the lower level of the south tower remained standing after the building collapsed. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) investigated the collapses of the Twin Towers and 7 WTC. The investigations examined why the buildings collapsed and what fire protection measures were in place, and evaluated how fire protection systems might be improved in future construction.^[271] The investigation into the collapse of 1 WTC and 2 WTC was concluded in October 2005 and that of 7 WTC was completed in August 2008.^[272] NIST found that the fireproofing on the Twin Towers' steel infrastructures was blown off by the initial impact of the planes and that, had this not occurred, the towers likely would have remained standing.^[273] A 2007 study of the north tower's collapse published by researchers of Purdue University determined that, since the plane's impact had stripped off much of the structure's thermal insulation, the heat from a typical office fire would have softened and weakened the exposed girders and columns enough to initiate the collapse regardless of the number of columns cut or damaged by the impact.^[274]^[275] The director of the original investigation stated that, "the towers really did amazingly well. The terrorist aircraft didn’t bring the buildings down; it was the fire which followed. It was proven that you could take out two thirds of the columns in a tower and the building would still stand."^[276] The fires weakened the trusses supporting the floors, making the floors sag. The sagging floors pulled on the exterior steel columns causing the exterior columns to bow inward. With the damage to the core columns, the buckling exterior columns could no longer support the buildings, causing them to collapse. Additionally, the report found the towers' stairwells were not adequately reinforced to provide adequate emergency escape for people above the impact zones.^[277] NIST concluded that uncontrolled fires in 7 WTC caused floor beams and girders to heat and subsequently "caused a critical support column to fail, initiating a fire-induced progressive collapse that brought the building down".^[272] Internal review of the CIA The Inspector General of the CIA conducted an internal review of the CIA's pre-9/11 performance and was harshly critical of senior CIA officials for not doing everything possible to confront terrorism. He criticized their failure to stop two of the 9/11 hijackers, Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar, as they entered the United States and their failure to share information on the two men with the FBI.^[278] In May 2007, senators from both major U.S. political parties drafted legislation to make the review public. One of the backers, Senator Ron Wyden said, "The American people have a right to know what the Central Intelligence Agency was doing in those critical months before 9/11."^[279] Rebuilding and revitalization New One World Trade Center under construction on September 21, 2012 See also: World Trade Center site and One World Trade Center On the day of the attacks, New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani proclaimed, "We will rebuild. We're going to come out of this stronger than before, politically stronger, economically stronger. The skyline will be made whole again."^[280] The damaged section of the Pentagon was rebuilt and occupied within a year of the attacks.^[281]^[dead link] The temporary World Trade Center PATH station opened in late 2003 and construction of the new 7 World Trade Center was completed in 2006. Work on rebuilding the main World Trade Center site was delayed until late 2006 when leaseholder Larry Silverstein and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey agreed on financing.^[282] One World Trade Center is currently under construction at the site and on May 20, 2013, One World Trade Center became the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere at 1,776 ft (541 m) with the installation of the spire that rests atop the building.^[283] On the World Trade Center site, three more office towers are expected to be built one block east of where the original towers stood. Construction has begun on all three of these towers; they are expected to be completed after One World Trade Center.^[284] Memorials The Tribute in Light on September 11, 2011, on the tenth anniversary of the attacks, seen from New Jersey. The building lit up in red, white, and blue is the new One World Trade Center under construction. See also: Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks In the days immediately following the attacks, many memorials and vigils were held around the world. In addition, people posted photographs of the dead and missing all around Ground Zero. A witness described being unable to "get away from faces of innocent victims who were killed. Their pictures are everywhere, on phone booths, street lights, walls of subway stations. Everything reminded me of a huge funeral, people quiet and sad, but also very nice. Before, New York gave me a cold feeling; now people were reaching out to help each other.”^[285] One of the first memorials was the Tribute in Light, an installation of 88 searchlights at the footprints of the World Trade Center towers.^[286] In New York, the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition was held to design an appropriate memorial on the site.^[287] The winning design, Reflecting Absence, was selected in August 2006, and consists of a pair of reflecting pools in the footprints of the towers, surrounded by a list of the victims' names in an underground memorial space.^[288] Plans for a museum on the site have been put on hold, following the abandonment of the International Freedom Center in reaction to complaints from the families of many victims.^[289] The Pentagon Memorial was completed and opened to the public on the seventh anniversary of the attacks in 2008.^[290]^[291] It consists of a landscaped park with 184 benches facing the Pentagon.^[292] When the Pentagon was repaired in 2001–2002, a private chapel and indoor memorial were included, located at the spot where Flight 77 crashed into the building.^[293] In Shanksville, a permanent Flight 93 National Memorial is planned to include a sculpted grove of trees forming a circle around the crash site, bisected by the plane's path, while wind chimes will bear the names of the victims.^[294] A temporary memorial is located 500 yards (457 m) from the crash site.^[295] New York City firefighters donated a cross made of steel from the World Trade Center and mounted on top of a platform shaped like the Pentagon.^[296] It was installed outside the firehouse on August 25, 2008.^[297] Many other permanent memorials are elsewhere. Scholarships and charities have been established by the victims' families, and by many other organizations and private figures.^[298] On every anniversary, in New York City, the names of the victims who died there are read out against a background of somber music. The President of the United States attends a memorial service at the Pentagon,^[299] and asks Americans to observe Patriot Day with a moment of silence. Smaller services are held in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, which are usually attended by the President's spouse. See also Portal icon September 11 attacks portal Book icon * Book: September 11 attacks * Federal Express Flight 705 – 1994 cockpit attack * Southwest Airlines Flight 1763 – August 2000 cockpit attack * Bojinka plot – plot by Ramzi Yousef and Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, foiled in 1995, to attack multiple airliners and crash a plane into the CIA headquarters Citations Notes 1. ^ 9/11 is pronounced "nine eleven". The slash is not part of the pronunciation. The name is frequently used in British English as well as American English although the dating conventions differ. References 1. ^ ^a ^b ^c "Bin Laden claims responsibility for 9/11". CBC News. October 29, 2004. Retrieved 2011-09-01. "Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden appeared in a new message aired on an Arabic TV station Friday night, for the first time claiming direct responsibility for the 2001 attacks against the United States." 2. ^ Inside 9/11: Zero Hour, National Geographic Channel documentary, 2005. 3. ^ "1 World Trade Center (Freedom Tower)". Lower Manhattan Development Corporation. Retrieved 2013-09-11. 4. ^ One World Trade Center 5. ^ ^a ^b ^c 9/11 Commission Report, pp. 4–14. 6. ^ ^a ^b "The Attack Looms". 9/11 Commission Report. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. 2004. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 7. ^ See, for example, news coverage by CNN: "Breaking News Videos from CNN.com". CNN. 8. ^ "Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 11" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. 9. ^ "Flight Path Study – United Airlines Flight 175" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. 10. ^ "Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 77" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. 11. ^ Snyder, David (April 19, 2002). "Families Hear Flight 93's Final Moments". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2013-11-12. 12. ^ "Text of Flight 93 Recording". Fox News. April 12, 2006. Retrieved 2013-11-11. 13. ^ "The Flight 93 Story". National Park Service. Retrieved 2011-09-21. 14. ^ McKinnon, Jim (September 16, 2001). "The phone line from Flight 93 was still open when a GTE operator heard Todd Beamer say: 'Are you guys ready? Let's roll'". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2011-04-10. 15. ^ "Relatives wait for news as rescuers dig". CNN. September 13, 2001. Retrieved 2013-11-11. 16. ^ Summers and Swan (2011), pp. 58, 463n, 476n. 17. ^ Wilgoren, Jodi and Edward Wong (September 13, 2001). "On Doomed Flight, Passengers Vowed To Perish Fighting". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 18. ^ Serrano, Richard A. (April 11, 2006). "Moussaoui Jury Hears the Panic From 9/11". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 19. ^ Goo, Sara Kehaulani; Eggen, Dan (January 28, 2004). "Hijackers used Mace, knives to take over airplanes". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2013-11-12. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 20. ^ Ahlers, Mike M. (January 27, 2004). "9/11 panel: Hijackers may have had utility knives". CBS News. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 21. ^ "Encore Presentation: Barbara Olson Remembered". Larry King Live (CNN). January 6, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 22. ^ "National Commission Upon Terrorist Attacks in the United States". National Commission Upon Terrorist Attacks in the United States. January 27, 2004. Retrieved 2008-01-24. 23. ^ Summers and Swan (2011), p. 343. 24. ^ ^a ^b ^c Miller, Bill (May 1, 2002). "Skyscraper Protection Might Not Be Feasible, Federal Engineers Say". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2013-11-24. 25. ^ World Trade Center Building Performance Study, Ch. 5 WTC 7 – section 5.5.4 26. ^ Final Report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Building 7, p. xxxvii. 27. ^ "Flight 77, Video 2". Judicial Watch. Retrieved 2012-04-04. 28. ^ "Profiles of 9/11 – About 9/11". The Biography Channel. A&E Television Networks. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 29. ^ Miller, Mark (August 26, 2002). "Three hours that shook America: A chronology of chaos". Broadcasting & Cable. Reed Business Information. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 30. ^ Adams, Marilyn; Levin, Alan and Morrison, Blake (August 13, 2002). "Part II: No one was sure if hijackers were on board". USA Today. Retrieved 2011-09-02. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 31. ^ Fouda and Fielding (2004), pp. 158–9. 32. ^ ^a ^b Summers and Swan (2011), p. 323. 33. ^ "Al-Qaeda 'plotted nuclear attacks'". BBC News. September 8, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 34. ^ "Winnipegger heads to NY for 9/11 memorial". CBC News. Sep 09, 2011. Retrieved 2013-11-13. "A total of 2,996 people died: 19 hijackers and 2,977 victims." 35. ^ ^a ^b "Accused 9/11 plotter Khalid Sheikh Mohammed faces New York trial". CNN. November 13, 2009. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 36. ^ "First video of Pentagon 9/11 attack released". CNN. May 16, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-09-24. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 37. ^ Stone, Andrea (August 20, 2002). "Military's aid and comfort ease 9/11 survivors' burden". USA Today. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 38. ^ ^a ^b ^c Sunder (2005), p. 48. 39. ^ National Commission on Terrorist Attacks (July 22, 2004 (first edition)). The 9/11 Commission Report. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 294. ISBN 0-393-32671-3. Check date values in: |date= (help) 40. ^ Sunder (2005), p. 46. 41. ^ Cauchon, Dennis; Moore, Martha (September 2, 2002). "Desperation forced a horrific decision". USATODAY. Retrieved 2011-09-02. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 42. ^ "Poor Info Hindered 9/11 Rescue". CBS News. May 18, 2004. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 43. ^ Grady, Denise; Revkin, Andrew C. (September 10, 2002). "Threats and responses: rescuer's health; Lung Ailments May Force 500 Firefighters Off Job". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-02. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 44. ^ "Post-9/11 report recommends police, fire response changes". USA Today. Associated Press. August 19, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 45. ^ "Police back on day-to-day beat after 9/11 nightmare". CNN. July 21, 2002. Retrieved 2013-11-12. 46. ^ Joshi, Pradnya (September 8, 2005). "Port Authority workers to be honored". Newsday. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 47. ^ "2001 Notices of Line of Duty Death". National EMS Memorial Service. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 48. ^ "Cantor rebuilds after 9/11 losses". BBC. September 4, 2006. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 49. ^ "Marsh & McLennan Companies 9/11 Memorial". Retrieved 2011-09-07. 50. ^ "Milestones of Marsh & McLennan Companies". Retrieved 2011-09-07. 51. ^ Siegel, Aaron (September 11, 2007). "Industry honors fallen on 9/11 anniversary". InvestmentNews. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 52. ^ Averill (2005), chapter "Occupant Behavior, Egress, and Emergency Communications", pp ?? 53. ^ Dwyer and Flynn (2005), p. 266. 54. ^ Dwyer, Jim; et al. (May 26, 2002). "Last Words at the Trade Center; Fighting to Live as the Towers Die". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-02. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 55. ^ Beveridge, Andrew. "9/11/01-02: A Demographic Portrait of the Victims In 10048". Gotham Gazette. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 56. ^ U.S. Department of State. A list of the countries whose citizens died as a result of the attacks on September 11, 2001. U.S. Department of State, Office of International Information Programs. 57. ^ DePalma, Anthony (May 24, 2007). "For the First Time, New York Links a Death to 9/11 Dust". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 58. ^ Foderaro, Lisa W. (September 2009). "9/11's Litany of Loss, Joined by Another Name". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 59. ^ "Alleged 9/11 Plotters Face Trial Blocks From WTC Site". WIBW. November 13, 2009. Archived from the original on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2013-11-24. 60. ^ "American Airlines Flight 11". CNN. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 61. ^ "United Airlines Flight 175". CNN. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 62. ^ "Pentagon". CNN. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 63. ^ "American Airlines Flight 77". CNN. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 64. ^ Roddy, Dennis B. (October 2001). "Flight 93: Forty lives, one destiny". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on 2006-11-30. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 65. ^ "Source: Hijacking suspects linked to Afghanistan". CNN. September 30, 2001. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 66. ^ "Ground Zero Forensic Work Ends". CBS News. February 23, 2005. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 67. ^ Andrade, Beaulieu (August 25, 2011). "Scientists still struggle to identify 9/11 remains". Agence France Presse – English. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 68. ^ Lemre, Jonathan (August 24, 2011). "Remains of WTC worker Ernest James, 40, ID'd ten years after 9/11". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2012-04-10. 69. ^ ^a ^b Cuza, Bobby (June 11, 2011). "9/11 A Decade Later: DNA Matching Efforts To Continue At WTC Site". NY1. Retrieved 2011-09-21. 70. ^ World Trade Center victim identified Newsday September 16, 2013 71. ^ ^a ^b "World Trade Center Building Performance Study". FEMA. May 2002. Archived from the original on 2010-09-18. Retrieved 2011-09-03. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 72. ^ ^a ^b Summers and Swan (2011), p. 75. 73. ^ Chaban, Matt (02-09). "130 Liberty Finally Gone from Ground Zero". The New York Observer. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Check date values in: |date= (help) 74. ^ World Trade Center Building Performance Study – Bankers Trust Building, pp ?? 75. ^ "The Deutsche Bank Building at 130 Liberty Street". Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 76. ^ "Lower Manhattan – Fiterman Hall". LowerManhattan.info. July 1, 2007. Archived from the original on 2010-05-22. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 77. ^ "Verizon Building Restoration". New York Construction (McGraw Hill). Archived from the original on 2010-05-22. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 78. ^ World Trade Center Building Performance Study – Peripheral Buildings, pp. ?? 79. ^ Bloomfield, Larry (October 1, 2001). "New York broadcasters rebuild". Broadcast Engineering. Archived from the original on 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 80. ^ The Pentagon Building Performance Report, pp. ?? 81. ^ Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 77, pp. ?? 82. ^ American Airlines Flight 77 FDR Report, pp. ?? 83. ^ ^a ^b Goldberg (2007), p. 17. 84. ^ Maclean, John N (June 1, 2008). "America Under Attack: A chronicle of chaos and heroism at the Pentagon". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 85. ^ ^a ^b McKinsey Report, "Emergency Medical Service response", pp. ?? 86. ^ ^a ^b McKinsey Report, "Executive Summary", pp. ?? 87. ^ McKinsey Report, Exhibit 7, "Fire Apparatus Deployment on September 11" 88. ^ ^a ^b Alavosius and Rodriquez (2005), pp. 666–680. 89. ^ McKinsey Report, "NYPD", pp. ?? 90. ^ "Ceremony closes 'Ground Zero' cleanup". CNN. May 30, 2002. Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2013-11-24. 91. ^ "Al-Qaeda's origins and links". BBC News. July 20, 2004. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 92. ^ Gunaratna (2002), pp. 23–33. 93. ^ "Bin Laden's fatwā (1996)". PBS. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 94. ^ ^a ^b ^c "Al Qaeda's 1998 fatwā". PBS NewsHour. Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 95. ^ "Pakistan inquiry orders Bin Laden family to remain". BBC. July 6, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 96. ^ ^a ^b "Full transcript of bin Ladin's speech". Al Jazeera. November 2, 2004. Archived from the original on 2007-04-10. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 97. ^ "Pakistan to Demand Taliban Give Up Bin Laden as Iran Seals Afghan Border". Fox News Channel. September 16, 2001. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 98. ^ "Bin Laden on tape: Attacks 'benefited Islam greatly'". CNN. December 14, 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-12-27. Retrieved 2013-11-24. "Reveling in the details of the fatal attacks, bin Laden brags in Arabic that he knew about them beforehand and says the destruction went beyond his hopes. He says the attacks "benefited Islam greatly"." 99. ^ "Transcript: Bin Laden video excerpts". BBC News. December 27, 2001. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 100. ^ Michael, Maggie (October 29, 2004). "Bin Laden, in statement to U.S. people, says he ordered Sept. 11 attacks". SignOnSanDiego.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 101. ^ "Al-Jazeera: Bin Laden tape obtained in Pakistan". MSNBC. October 30, 2004. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 102. ^ "Bin Laden 9/11 planning video aired". CBC News. September 7, 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 103. ^ Clewley, Robin (September 27, 2001). "How Osama Cracked FBI's Top 10". Wired. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 104. ^ "USAMA BIN LADEN". FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 2011-09-10. 105. ^ Baker, Peter; Cooper, Helene (May 1, 2011). "Bin Laden Is Dead, President Obama Says". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-03. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 106. ^ Cooper, Helene (May 1, 2011). "Obama Announces Killing of Osama bin Laden". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 107. ^ "'We left out nuclear targets, for now'". The Guardian (London). March 4, 2003. Archived from the original on 2008-03-02. Retrieved 2011-09-03. "Yosri Fouda of the Arabic television channel al-Jazeera is the only journalist to have interviewed Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the al-Qaeda military commander arrested at the weekend. Here he describes the two-day encounter with him and his fellow organiser of September 11, Ramzi bin al- Shibh: [...] Summoning every thread of experience and courage, I looked Khalid in the eye and asked: ‘Did you do it?’ The reference to September 11 was implicit. Khalid responded with little fanfare: ‘I am the head of the al-Qaeda military committee,’ he began, ‘and Ramzi is the coordinator of the Holy Tuesday operation. And yes, we did it.’" 108. ^ Leonard, Tom; Spillius, Alex (October 10, 2008). "Alleged 9/11 mastermind wants to confess to plot". London: Telegraph. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 109. ^ ^a ^b "September 11 suspect 'confesses'". Al Jazeera. March 15, 2007. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 110. ^ 9/11 Commission Report (2004), p. 147. 111. ^ "White House power grabs". The Washington Times. August 26, 2009. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 112. ^ Van Voris, Bob; Hurtado, Patricia (April 4, 2011). "Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Terror Indictment Unsealed, Dismissed". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 2011-09-03. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 113. ^ Shannon, Elaine; Weisskopf, Michael (March 24, 2003). "Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Names Names". TIME. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 114. ^ Nichols, Michelle (May 8, 2008). "US judge orders CIA to turn over 'torture' memo-ACLU". Reuters. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 115. ^ "Key 9/11 suspect 'admits guilt'". BBC News. March 15, 2007. Retrieved 2012-04-10. 116. ^ "Substitution for Testimony of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed" (PDF). United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. United States Department of Justice. 2006. p. 24. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 117. ^ "Spain jails 18 al-Qaeda operatives". The Age (Melbourne). September 27, 2005. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 118. ^ Naughton, Philippe (June 1, 2006). "Spanish court quashes 9/11 conviction". The Times. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 119. ^ Summers and Swan (2011), p. 489n. 120. ^ Youssef, Maamoun (May 24, 2006). "Bin Laden: Moussaoui Not Linked to 9/11". Washington Post. 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February 23, 1998. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 134. ^ ^a ^b Yusufzai, Rahimullah (September 26, 2001). "Face to face with Osama". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 2011-09-03. 135. ^ Pape, Robert A. (2005). Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-8129-7338-0. 136. ^ Text of the 1998 fatwā; translation by PBS 137. ^ See also the 1998 Al-Qaeda fatwā: "The ruling to kill the Americans and their allies – civilians and military – is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque and the holy mosque [Mecca] from their grip, and in order for their armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim." Quoted from Text of the 1998 fatwā; translation by PBS 138. ^ Summers and Swan (2011), pp. 211, 506n. 139. ^ Lawrence (2005), p. 239. 140. ^ online here) 141. ^ In his taped broadcast from January 2010, Bin Laden said "Our attacks against you [the United States] will continue as long as U.S. support for Israel continues. ... The message sent to you with the attempt by the hero Nigerian Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab is a confirmation of our previous message conveyed by the heroes of September 11". Quoted from "Bin Laden: Attacks on U.S. to go on as long as it supports Israel", in Haaretz.com 142. ^ Rockmore, Tom (April 21, 2011). Before and After 9/11: A Philosophical Examination of Globalization, Terror. ISBN 978-1-4411-1892-9. Retrieved 2011-09-11. 143. ^ Bernard Lewis, 2004. In Bernard Lewis's 2004 book The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror, he argues that animosity toward the West is best understood with the decline of the once powerful Ottoman empire, compounded by the import of western ideas — Arab socialism, Arab liberalism and Arab secularism. During the past three centuries, according to this interpretation, the Islamic world has lost its dominance and its leadership, and has fallen behind both the modern West and the rapidly modernizing Orient. The resulting, widening gap poses increasingly acute problems, both practical and emotional, for which the rulers, thinkers, and rebels of Islam have not yet found effective answers. 144. ^ In an essay titled "The spirit of terrorism", Jean Baudrillard described 9/11 as the first global event that "questions the very process of globalization". Baudrillard. "The spirit of terrorism". Retrieved 2011-06-26. 145. ^ In an essay entitled "Somebody Else's Civil War", Michael Scott Doran argues the attacks are best understood as part of a religious conflict within the Muslim world and that Bin Laden's followers "consider themselves an island of true believers surrounded by a sea of iniquity". Hoping that U.S. retaliation would unite the faithful against the West, bin Laden sought to spark revolutions in Arab nations and elsewhere. Doran argues the Osama bin Laden videos attempt to provoke a visceral reaction in the Middle East and ensure that Muslim citizens would react as violently as possible to an increase in U.S. involvement in their region. ("Somebody Else's Civil War". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2009-12-05. Reprinted in Hoge, James F.; Rose, Gideon (2005). Understanding the War on Terror. New York: Norton. pp. 72–75. ISBN 978-0-87609-347-4. ) 146. ^ In The Osama bin Laden I Know, Peter Bergen argues the attacks were part of a plan to cause the United States to increase its military and cultural presence in the Middle East, thereby forcing Muslims to confront the idea of a non-Muslim government and to eventually establish conservative Islamic governments in the region.(Bergen (2006), p. 229.) 147. ^ "Suspect 'reveals 9/11 planning'". BBC News. September 22, 2003. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 148. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d 9/11 Commission Report, Chapter 5, pp ?? 149. ^ Lichtblau, Eric (March 20, 2003). "Bin Laden Chose 9/11 Targets, Al Qaeda Leader Says". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 150. ^ Wright (2006), p. 308. 151. ^ Bergen (2006), p. 283. 152. ^ Wright (2006), pp. 309–315. 153. ^ McDermott (2005), pp. 191–2. 154. ^ Bernstein, Richard (September 10, 2002). "On Path to the U.S. Skies, Plot Leader Met bin Laden". New York Times. 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"Article 5: The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. / Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security." 180. ^ "ABC Conversations with Richard Fidler John Howard Interview Transcript". ABC.net. 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From an engineering perspective, impact damage to the core structure had a negligible effect on the critical thermal load required to initiate collapse in the core structure." 275. ^ Tally, Steve (June 12, 2007). "Purdue creates scientifically based animation of 9/11 attack". Purdue News Service. Retrieved 2011-09-04. "The aircraft moved through the building as if it were a hot and fast lava flow," Sozen says. "Consequently, much of the fireproofing insulation was ripped off the structure. Even if all of the columns and girders had survived the impact – an unlikely event – the structure would fail as the result of a buckling of the columns. The heat from an ordinary office fire would suffice to soften and weaken the unprotected steel. Evaluation of the effects of the fire on the core column structure, with the insulation removed by the impact, showed that collapse would follow whatever the number of columns cut at the time of the impact." 276. ^ Sigmund, Pete (September 25, 2002). "Building a Terror-Proof Skyscraper: Experts Debate Feasibility, Options". Retrieved 2012-04-11. 277. ^ "Translating WTC Recommendations Into Model Building Codes". National Institute of Standards and Technology. October 25, 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-03-10. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 278. ^ "Deep Background". American Conservative. April 1, 2005. Retrieved 2012-04-11. 279. ^ Shrader, Katherine (May 17, 2007). "Senators Want CIA to Release 9/11 Report". San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 280. ^ Taylor, Tess (September 26, 2001). "Rebuilding in New York" (68). Architecture Week. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 281. ^ Oglesby, Christy (September 11, 2002). "Phoenix rises: Pentagon honors 'hard-hat patriots'". CNN. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 282. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (September 22, 2006). "An Agreement Is Formalized on Rebuilding at Ground Zero". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 283. ^ Dunlap, David W.; Collins, Glenn (June 28, 2006). "Revised Design for Freedom Tower Unveiled". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-04. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 284. ^ "Lower Manhattan: Current Construction". Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 285. ^ Sigmund, Pete. "Crews Assist Rescuers in Massive WTC Search". Construction Equipment Guide. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 286. ^ "Tribute in light to New York victims". BBC News. March 6, 2002. Retrieved 2012-04-01. 287. ^ "About the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition". World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 288. ^ unknown; Associated Press (March 6, 2006). "WTC Memorial Construction Begins". CBS News. Retrieved 2011-09-04. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 289. ^ Dunlap, David (September 25, 2005). "Governor Bars Freedom Center at Ground Zero". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 290. ^ Miroff, Nick (September 11, 2008). "Creating a Place Like No Other". The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). Retrieved 2011-09-04. 291. ^ Miroff, Nick (September 12, 2008). "A Long-Awaited Opening, Bringing Closure to Many". The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). Retrieved 2011-09-04. 292. ^ Dwyer, Timothy (May 26, 2007). "Pentagon Memorial Progress Is Step Forward for Families". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 293. ^ "DefenseLINK News Photos – Pentagon's America's Heroes Memorial". Department of Defense. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 294. ^ Unknown; Associated Press (September 8, 2005). "Sept. 11 Flight 93 Memorial Design Chosen". Fox News. Retrieved 2011-09-04. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 295. ^ "Flight 93 Memorial Project". Flight 93 Memorial Project / National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 296. ^ Nephin, Dan (August 24, 2008). "Steel cross goes up near flight's 9/11 Pa. crash site". Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 297. ^ Gaskell, Stephanie (August 25, 2008). "Pa. site of 9/11 crash gets WTC beam". New York Daily news. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 298. ^ Fessenden, Ford (November 18, 2002). "9/11; After the World Gave: Where $2 Billion in Kindness Ended Up". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 299. ^ Newman, Andy (September 11, 2010). "At a Memorial Ceremony, Loss and Tension". The New York Times. Sources * "Chapter 1.1: 'We Have Some Planes': Inside the Four Flights" (PDF). 9/11 Commission Report. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. 2004. * Alavosius, Mark P.; Rodriquez, Nischal J. (2005). "Unity of Purpose/Unity of Effort: Private-Sector Preparedness in Times of Terror". Disaster Prevention & Management 14 (5): 666. doi:10.1108/09653560510634098. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * "American Airlines Flight 77 FDR Report" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. January 31, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-03. * Averill, Jason D. (2005). Final Reports of the Federal Building and Fire Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Archived from the original on 2009-05-09. Retrieved 2011-09-02. * Bergen, Peter L. (2001). Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama Bin Laden. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-3467-2. * Bergen, Peter (2006). The Osama Bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of Al Qaeda's Leader. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-9592-5. * Berner, Brad (2007). The World According to Al Qaeda. Peacock Books. ISBN 978-81-248-0114-7. * Dwyer, Jim; Flynn, Kevin (2005). 102 Minutes. Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-7682-0. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * "Final Report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Building 7" (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology. November 2008. Retrieved 2012-04-11. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * "Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 77" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-03. * Fouda, Yosri; Fielding, Nick (2004). Masterminds of Terror: The Truth Behind the Most Devastating Terrorist Attack the World Has Ever Seen. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55970-717-6. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Goldberg, Alfred (2007). Pentagon 9/11. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-16-078328-9. * Gunaratna, Ronan (2002). Inside Al Qaeda: global network of terror. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12692-2. * Holmes, Stephen (2006). "Al Qaeda, September 11, 2001". In Diego Gambetta. Making sense of suicide missions. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929797-9. * Ibrahim, Raymond; Osama Bin Laden (2007). The Al Qaeda reader. Random House Digital, Inc. ISBN 978-0-385-51655-6. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Kelley, Christopher (2006). Executing the Constitution: putting the president back into the Constitution. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-6727-5. * Keppel, Gilles; Milelli, Jean-Pierre and Ghazaleh, Pascale (2008). Al Qaeda in its own words. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02804-3. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Kushner, Harvey (2003). Encyclopedia of terrorism. SAGE. ISBN 978-0-7619-2408-1. * Lawrence, Bruce; Bruce Lawrence (2005). Messages to the world: the statements of Osama Bin Laden. Verso. ISBN 978-1-84467-045-1. Retrieved 2011. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * McDermott, Terry (2005). Perfect Soldiers: The 9/11 Hijackers. HarperCollins. pp. 191–192. ISBN 978-0-06-058470-2. * "McKinsey Report". FDNY / McKinsey & Company. August 9, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-25. * Mearsheimer, John J. (2007). The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-374-17772-0. * Murdico, Suzanne (2003). Osama Bin Laden. Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8239-4467-5. * "The Pentagon Building Performance Report" (PDF). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). January 2003. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2011-09-03. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Summers, Anthony; Swan, Robbyn (2011). The Eleventh Day: The Full Story of 9/11 and Osama Bin Laden. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 1-4000-6659-X. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Sunder, Shyam S. (2005). Final Report on the Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Retrieved 2011-09-02. * "World Trade Center Building Performance Study – Bankers Trust Building" (PDF). FEMA. May 2002. Retrieved 2007-07-12. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * "World Trade Center Building Performance Study – Peripheral Buildings" (PDF). FEMA. May 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-03. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * "World Trade Center Building Performance Study" (PDF). Ch. 5 WTC 7 – section 5.5.4. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-02. * Wright, Lawrence (2006). The Looming Tower|The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-41486-2. Further reading * "The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States". National Commission O Terrorist Attacks (Cosimo, Inc). July 30, 2010. ISBN 978-1-61640-219-8. * Atkins, Stephen E (2011). The 9/11 Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-921-9. * Bolton, M. Kent (2006). U.S. National Security and Foreign Policymaking After 9/11: Present at the Re-creation. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-5900-4. * Caraley, Demetrios (2002). September 11, terrorist attacks, and U.S. foreign policy. Academy of Political Science. ISBN 978-1-884853-01-2. * Chernick, Howard (2005). Resilient city: the economic impact of 9/11. Russell Sage Foundation. ISBN 978-0-87154-170-3. * Damico, Amy M; Quay, Sara E. (2010). September 11 in Popular Culture: A Guide. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-35505-9. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Hampton, Wilborn (2003). September 11, 2001: attack on New York City. Candlewick Press. ISBN 978-0-7636-1949-7. * Langley, Andrew (2006). September 11: Attack on America. Compass Point Books. ISBN 978-0-7565-1620-8. * Neria, Yuval; Gross, Raz; Marshall, Randall D.; Susser, Ezra S. (2006). 9/11: mental health in the wake of terrorist attacks. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83191-8. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Strasser, Steven; Whitney, Craig R; United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence, National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (2004). The 9/11 investigations: staff reports of the 9/11 Commission: excerpts from the House-Senate joint inquiry report on 9/11: testimony from fourteen key witnesses, including Richard Clarke, George Tenet, and Condoleezza Rice. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-279-4. External links General Find more about September 11 at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions and translations from Wiktionary Media from Commons Learning resources from Wikiversity Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks * National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States official commission website * National September 11th Memorial and Museum – List of victims * September 11, 2001, Documentary Project from the U.S. Library of Congress, Memory.loc.gov * September 11, 2001, Web Archive from the U.S. Library of Congress, Minerva * The September 11th Sourcebooks from The National Security Archive * September 11 Digital Archive: Saving the Histories of September 11, 2001 from the Center for History and New Media and the American Social History Project/Center for Media and Learning * DoD: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10024, From WikiSource Multimedia * Understanding 9/11 – A Television News Archive at Internet Archive * CNN.com – Video archive, including the first and second planes. * Remembering 9/11 – National Geographic Society * Latest video of Sept 9/11 attack emerges published by International Business Times HK * Time.com – 'Shattered: a remarkable collection of photographs', James Nachtwey * September 11, 2001 Screenshot Archive – Database of 230 screenshots from news sites around the world. * September 11 attacks in the Newseum archive of front page images from 2001-09-12. Links to related articles * v * t * e September 11 attacks Timeline * Planning * September 11, 2001 * World Trade Center collapse * Remainder of September * October * Post-October Victims * Casualties Hijacked airliners * American Airlines Flight 11 * United Airlines Flight 175 * American Airlines Flight 77 * United Airlines Flight 93 * Suspected hijackings + Korean Air Flight 85 + Delta Air Lines Flight 1989 Crash sites * World Trade Center * The Pentagon * Stonycreek / Shanksville, Pennsylvania Aftermath * Immediate aftermath * Closings and cancellations * Detentions * Effects + Airport security + Economy + Local health * Unsuccessful terrorist plots * Post-9/11 * Reactions * Conspiracy theories Cultural aftermath * Cultural references * Entertainment * Humor * Lost artworks * Slogans and terms * Songs * Comics Response * U.S. government response * U.S. military response + War on Terror + Afghanistan + North-West Pakistan * Rescue and recovery effort * Financial assistance * Operation SUPPORT * Operation Yellow Ribbon * Memorials and services * World Trade Center Health Program Perpetrators * Responsibility * Motives * Hijackers * Trials * 20th hijacker Inquiries * U.S. Congressional Inquiry * September 11 intelligence before the attacks * 9/11 Commission + Report + Criticism * PENTTBOM Miscellaneous * Communication * Patriot Day * Survivors' Staircase * The Falling Man * Iraq War * Wikipedia book Book * Category Category * Portal Portal * WikiProject WikiProject * v * t * e World Trade Center 1966–2001 * Construction * Towers + Three + Four + Five + Six + Seven * Windows on the World * Mall * The Bathtub * Tenants + One + Two + Four + Five + Six + Seven Terrorist attacks * February 26, 1993 * September 11, 2001 + Collapse + Deutsche Bank Building + St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church Memorials * National September 11 Memorial & Museum + Competition * The Sphere * Tribute in Light * Cross * America's Response Monument * Empty Sky Rebuilding * Site * Towers + One o Construction + Two + Three + Four + Five + Seven * Transportation Hub * Subway stations + Chambers Street – WTC (A C E) + Cortlandt Street (R) + Cortlandt Street (1) People * Minoru Yamasaki * Emery Roth & Sons * Larry Silverstein * Austin J. Tobin * David Childs * Michael Arad * THINK Team * Daniel Libeskind Other * West Street pedestrian bridges * In popular culture + Films + Films as featured + One WTC * 10048 (ZIP code) * v * t * e War on Terror War in Afghanistan • Iraq War • War in North-West Pakistan Participants Operational * ISAF * Operation Enduring Freedom participants * Afghanistan * Northern Alliance * Iraq (Iraqi Armed Forces) * NATO * Pakistan * United Kingdom * United States * European Union * Philippines * Ethiopia Targets * Al-Qaeda * Osama bin Laden * Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula * Abu Sayyaf * Anwar al-Awlaki * Al-Shabaab * Hamas * Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami * Hafiz Muhammad Saeed * Hezbollah * Hizbul Mujahideen * Islamic Courts Union * Jaish-e-Mohammed * Jemaah Islamiyah * Lashkar-e-Taiba * Taliban * Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan Conflicts Operation Enduring Freedom * War in Afghanistan * OEF – Philippines * Georgia Train and Equip Program * Georgia Sustainment and Stability * OEF – Horn of Africa * OEF – Trans Sahara * Drone attacks in Pakistan Other * Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) * Insurgency in the North Caucasus * Moro insurgency in the Philippines * Iraq War * Iraqi insurgency * Operation Linda Nchi * Terrorism in Saudi Arabia * War in North-West Pakistan * War in Somalia (2006–2009) * 2007 Lebanon conflict * Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown * Sinai insurgency See also * Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse * Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act * Axis of evil * Black sites * Bush Doctrine * The Clash of Civilizations * Combatant Status Review Tribunal * Criticism of the War on Terror * Death of Osama bin Laden * Enhanced interrogation techniques * Torture Memos * Extrajudicial prisoners * Extraordinary rendition * Guantanamo Bay detention camp * Military Commissions Act of 2006 * Terrorist Surveillance Program * Operation Noble Eagle * Operation Eagle Assist * Pakistan's role * President's Surveillance Program * Protect America Act of 2007 * September 11 attacks * Targeted killing * Targeted Killing in International Law * Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World * Unitary executive theory * Unlawful combatant * USA PATRIOT Act * Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan * Portal Portal:Terrorism * Portal Portal:War * v * t * e al-Qaeda Leadership * Ayman al-Zawahiri * Saif al-Adel * Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah * Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah * Adam Yahiye Gadahn * Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud * Nasir al-Wuhayshi * Abu Dua * Moktar Ali Zubeyr Former leadership * Osama bin Laden (killed) * Abu Yahya al-Libi (killed) * Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (captured) * Anwar al-Awlaki (killed) * Younis al-Mauritani (captured) * Mohammed Atef (killed) * Fazul Abdullah Mohammed (killed) * Abu Faraj al-Libbi (captured) * Atiyah Abd al-Rahman (killed) * Abu Laith al-Libi (killed) * Fahd al-Quso (killed) * Ilyas Kashmiri (killed) * Abdullah Said al Libi (killed) * Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam (killed) * Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan (killed) * Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali (killed) * Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim (killed) * Saeed al-Masri (killed) Timeline of attacks * 1993 World Trade Center bombing * 1998 United States embassy bombings * USS Cole bombing * September 11 attacks * 2002 Bali bombings * Iraq Ashura bombings * 2004 Madrid train bombings * 2005 London bombings * 23 November 2006 Sadr City bombings * 18 April 2007 Baghdad bombings * 2007 Algiers bombings (April * December) * 2007 Yazidi communities bombings * 2008 Danish embassy bombing in Islamabad * Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing * Westgate shopping mall attack Wars * Soviet war in Afghanistan * Civil war in Afghanistan (1989–1992) * Civil war in Afghanistan (1992–1996) * Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001) * War in Afghanistan (2001–present) * Iraq War * Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown * Shia insurgency in Yemen * Somali Civil War * War in North-West Pakistan (Drone attacks) * Insurgency in the Maghreb * Syrian Civil War Affiliates * Al-Shabaab (Somalia) * Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen) * al-Qaeda in Iraq (Iraq) * Al-Qaeda Kurdish Battalions (Kurdistan/Iraq) * Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (North Africa) * Egyptian Islamic Jihad (Egypt) * Al-Nusra Front (Syria) Media * Al Qaeda Handbook * Al Neda * As-Sahab * Fatawā of Osama bin Laden * Inspire * Al-Khansaa * Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit * Management of Savagery * Voice of Jihad * Benevolence International Foundation * Qaedat al-Jihad * Global Islamic Media Front Video and audio * Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden * Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri * USS Cole bombing video * v * t * e * ← 2000 * Aviation accidents and incidents in 2001 (2001) * 2002 → * Jan 23 Yemenia Flight 448 * Jan 27 Oklahoma State basketball team crash * Jan 31 Japan Airlines mid-air incident * Mar 03 Thai Airways International Flight 114 * Mar 29 Avjet Aspen crash * Apr 01 Hainan Island incident * Jul 04 Vladivostok Air Flight 352 * Aug 24 Air Transat Flight 236 * Aug 29 Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261 * Sep 11 American Airlines Flight 11 * Sep 11 United Airlines Flight 175 * Sep 11 American Airlines Flight 77 * Sep 11 United Airlines Flight 93 * Sep 11 Delta Air Lines Flight 1989 * Sep 11 Korean Air Flight 85 * Sep 17 Grozny Mi-8 crash * Oct 04 Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 * Oct 08 Linate Airport disaster * Nov 12 American Airlines Flight 587 * Nov 24 Crossair Flight 3597 * Dec 02 AFRF Flight 9064 * Dec 22 American Airlines Flight 63 ("Shoe bomb" plot) * Incidents resulting in at least 50 deaths shown in italics * Deadliest incident shown in Bold SmallCaps * v * t * e History of the United States Timeline * Prehistory * Pre-Columbian * Colonial * 1776–89 * 1789–1849 * 1849–65 * 1865–1918 * 1918–45 * 1945–64 * 1964–80 * 1980–91 * 1991–present Topics * African American * Asian American * Demographic * Diplomatic * Economic * Education * Immigration * Jewish * Medical * Merchant Marine * Mexican American * Military * Musical * Native American * Polish * Religious * Southern * 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Up to 80% Off! * Holiday Gift Guide * DVDs & Books * T-shirts, Hoodies & More * History Show Collections 9/11 Attacks * AAA * Print * Cite This * videos35 * speeches20 * photo galleries2 * interactives3 * 9/11 Attacks - 102 Minutes That Changed America Interactive * 9/11 Timeline Video * Remembering 9/11: The Ground Zero Bible Video * Remembering 9/11: Karyn's Wings Video * Making the 9/11 Memorial: The Names Video * World Trade Center Reborn: Infographic Interactive On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Often referred to as 9/11, the attacks resulted in extensive death and destruction, triggering major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defining the presidency of George W. Bush. Over 3,000 people were killed during the attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., including more than 400 police officers and firefighters. More to Explore People and Groups * Osama bin Laden * George W. Bush * Rudy Giuliani * Condoleezza Rice * Colin Powell Themes * World Trade Center * Ground Zero * Pentagon * 9/11 Commission * 9/11 Memorial and the Rebuilding of Ground Zero Events * 9/11: Timeline of Events * Reaction to 9/11 Related Topics * U.S. Presidents * New York * Pennsylvania * Washington, D.C. * The States Recommended Articles * 9/11: Timeline of Events 9/11: Timeline of Events The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks began at 8:46 am EDT, when terrorists crashed American Airlines Flight 11, with 92 people aboard, into the World Trade Center's North Tower. * Ground Zero Ground Zero Ground Zero was the name given to the area where New York City's World Trade Center collapsed after the attacks of September 11, 2001. * 9/11 Commission 9/11 Commission The 9/11 Commission was charged investigating the circumstances surrounding the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. * 9/11 Memorial and the Rebuilding of Ground Zero 9/11 Memorial and the Rebuilding of Ground Zero The enormously complex rebuilding of the World Trade Center site includes a striking memorial to the victims of 9/11. Did You Know? September 11, 2001, was the deadliest day in history for New York City firefighters: 343 were killed. On September 11, 2001, at 8:45 a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact left a gaping, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors. As the evacuation of the tower and its twin got underway, television cameras broadcasted live images of what initially appeared to be a freak accident. Then, 18 minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767–United Airlines Flight 175–appeared out of the sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Center and sliced into the south tower near the 60th floor. The collision caused a massive explosion that showered burning debris over surrounding buildings and the streets below. America was under attack. The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda terrorist organization, they were allegedly acting in retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War and its continued military presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year and had taken flying lessons at American commercial flight schools. Others had slipped into the country in the months before September 11 and acted as the "muscle" in the operation. The 19 terrorists easily smuggled box-cutters and knives through security at three East Coast airports and boarded four flights bound for California, chosen because the planes were loaded with fuel for the long transcontinental journey. Soon after takeoff, the terrorists commandeered the four planes and took the controls, transforming ordinary commuter jets into guided missiles. As millions watched the events unfolding in New York, American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown Washington, D.C., and slammed into the west side of the Pentagon military headquarters at 9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from the Boeing 757 caused a devastating inferno that led to the structural collapse of a portion of the giant concrete building. All told, 125 military personnel and civilians were killed in the Pentagon, along with all 64 people aboard the airliner. Less than 15 minutes after the terrorists struck the nerve center of the U.S. military, the horror in New York took a catastrophic turn for the worse when the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed in a massive cloud of dust and smoke. The structural steel of the skyscraper, built to withstand winds in excess of 200 miles per hour and a large conventional fire, could not withstand the tremendous heat generated by the burning jet fuel. At 10:30 a.m., the other Trade Center tower collapsed. Close to 3,000 people died in the World Trade Center and its vicinity, including a staggering 343 firefighters and paramedics, 23 New York City police officers and 37 Port Authority police officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation of the buildings and save the office workers trapped on higher floors. Only six people in the World Trade Center towers at the time of their collapse survived. Almost 10,000 others were treated for injuries, many severe. Meanwhile, a fourth California-bound plane–United Flight 93–was hijacked about 40 minutes after leaving Newark International Airport in New Jersey. Because the plane had been delayed in taking off, passengers on board learned of events in New York and Washington via cell phone and Airfone calls to the ground. Knowing that the aircraft was not returning to an airport as the hijackers claimed, a group of passengers and flight attendants planned an insurrection. One of the passengers, Thomas Burnett Jr., told his wife over the phone that "I know we're all going to die. There's three of us who are going to do something about it. I love you, honey." Another passenger–Todd Beamer–was heard saying "Are you guys ready? Let's roll" over an open line. Sandy Bradshaw, a flight attendant, called her husband and explained that she had slipped into a galley and was filling pitchers with boiling water. Her last words to him were "Everyone's running to first class. I've got to go. Bye." The passengers fought the four hijackers and are suspected to have attacked the cockpit with a fire extinguisher. The plane then flipped over and sped toward the ground at upwards of 500 miles per hour, crashing in a rural field in western Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m. All 45 people aboard were killed. Its intended target is not known, but theories include the White House, the U.S. Capitol, the Camp David presidential retreat in Maryland or one of several nuclear power plants along the eastern seaboard. At 7 p.m., President George W. Bush, who had spent the day being shuttled around the country because of security concerns, returned to the White House. At 9 p.m., he delivered a televised address from the Oval Office, declaring, "Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve." In a reference to the eventual U.S. military response he declared, "We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them." Operation Enduring Freedom, the American-led international effort to oust the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Osama bin Laden's terrorist network based there, began on October 7. Within two months, U.S. forces had effectively removed the Taliban from operational power, but the war continued, as U.S. and coalition forces attempted to defeat a Taliban insurgency campaign based in neighboring Pakistan. Osama bin Laden, the mastermind behind the September 11th attacks, remained at large until May 2, 2011, when he was finally tracked down and killed by U.S. forces at a hideout in Abbottabad, Pakistan. In June 2011, President Barack Obama announced the beginning of large-scale troop withdrawals from Afghanistan, with a final withdrawal of U.S. forces tentatively scheduled for 2014. Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! 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All Rights Reserved. [tap.php?v=3817] [ipad-download-now-button-red.png] [ipad-download-now-no-thanks-button-gray.png] § [911logo902.jpg] * home * browse * repository * contribute * special collections * 9/11 faqs * 9/11 links September 11, 2001, Pentagon crash site, 12:45 pm. The September 11 Digital Archive uses electronic media to collect, preserve, and present the history of September 11, 2001 and its aftermath. The Archive contains more than 150,000 digital items, a tally that includes more than 40,000 emails and other electronic communications, more than 40,000 first-hand stories, and more than 15,000 digital images. In September 2003, the Library of Congress accepted the Archive into its collections, an event that both ensured the Archive's long-term preservation and marked the library's first major digital acquisition. 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Your browser either doesn't support Javascript or you have it turned off. To see this page as it is meant to appear please use a Javascript enabled browser. Insiders voice doubts about CIA’s 9/11 story Insiders voice doubts about CIA's 9/11 story Former FBI agents say the agency's bin Laden unit misled them about two hijackers. A growing number of former government insiders -- all responsible officials who served in a number of federal posts -- are now on record as doubting ex-CIA director George Tenet's account of events leading up to the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the United States. Among them are several special agents of the FBI, the former counterterrorism head in the Clinton and Bush administrations, and the chairman of the 9/11 Commission, who told us the CIA chief had been "obviously not forthcoming" in his testimony and had misled the commissioners. Read More The Mineta Testimony: 9/11 Commission Exposed The Mineta Testimony: 9/11 Commission Exposed Americans who rely solely on mainstream media might easily be under the assumption that the 9/11 Commission Report put the questions about what happened on 9/11 to rest. One of the most dramatic lies in the Commission's cover-up has been Secretary of Transportation Norman Mineta's direct contradiction of the official story timeline in his testimony to the Commission. Read More Guns and Butter Interviews Paul Zarembka, Editor of ‘The Hidden History of 9/11′ Guns and Butter Interviews Paul Zarembka, Editor of 'The Hidden History of 9/11' How much insider trading occurred in the days leading up to 9/11? How compromised is the evidence against alleged hijackers because of serious authentication problems with a key Dulles Airport videotape? To what extent does the testimony of more than five hundred firefighters differ from official reports of what happened at the World Trade Center buildings that day? How inseparably connected are Western covert operations to al-Qaeda? Listen to Bonnie Faulkner interview with Paul Zarembka, professor of economics, SUNY Buffalo Read More FBI Documents Support Explosive Claims by Former FBI Translator Sibel Edmonds FBI Documents Support Explosive Claims by Former FBI Translator Sibel Edmonds Recently released FBI documents prove the existence of highly sensitive National Security and criminal investigations of "Turkish Activities" in Chicago prior to September 11, 2001. These documents add further support to many of the allegations that former FBI translator Sibel Edmonds has claimed, in public and in Congress, since 2002. The documents were released under a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request into an organization called the Turkish American Cultural Alliance (TACA), an organization repeatedly named by Ms. Edmonds as being complicit in the crimes that she became aware of when she was a translator at the FBI. Read More US Government Protection of Al-Qaeda Terrorists and the US-Saudi Black Hole US Government Protection of Al-Qaeda Terrorists and the US-Saudi Black Hole Since 9/11 however, constitutional practices have been overshadowed by a series of emergency measures to fight terrorism. Read More Another Ex-CIA Official Speaks Out for 9/11 Truth Another Ex-CIA Official Speaks Out for 9/11 Truth Why is it important that we not let the so-called conspiracy theories surrounding 9/11 be drowned out? After spending the better part of the last five years treating these theories with utmost skepticism, I have devoted serious time to actually studying them in recent months, and have also carefully watched several videos that are available on the subject. I have come to believe that significant parts of the 9/11 theories are true, and that therefore significant parts of the "official story" put out by the U.S. government and the 9/11 Commission are false. I now think there is persuasive evidence that the events of September did not unfold as the Bush administration and the 9/11 Commission would have us believe. The items below highlight the major questions surrounding 9/11 but do not constitute a detailed recounting of the evidence available. Read More Does Science Lie? Does Science Lie? As we approach the tenth anniversary of the tragic events of September 11, 2001, we must weigh our collective need for maintaining and promoting what is believed to be "safe" against what is in fact true. A PhD in physics and former student of physics teacher David Chandler, when showed the compelling research David has put together on the physical improbability of the official story of the building collapses of the Three World Trade buildings on September 11 said, "I understand and accept your data as scientifically accurate and flawless, yet I don't believe it". Read More FBI Headquarters Thwarts Pre-9/11 Moussaoui Search, But Why? FBI Headquarters Thwarts Pre-9/11 Moussaoui Search, But Why? An FBI agent who interrogated Zacarias Moussaoui before Sept. 11, 2001, warned his supervisors more than 70 times that Moussaoui was a terrorist and spelled out his suspicions that the al-Qaeda operative was plotting to hijack an airplane. What is striking about agent Samit's account, like the account of his office-mate Coleen Rowley, is the assumption of "criminal negligence" on the part of FBI headquarters, and RFU head David Frasca and Michael Maltbie in particular. Best I can see, criminal complicity has not been ruled out whatsoever. Read More Edmonds: FBI knew about 9/11 plot in April 2001 Edmonds: FBI knew about 9/11 plot in April 2001 Open Letter To Thomas Kean, Chairman Of The 9/11 Commission, from FBI Whistleblower Sibel Edmonds I, Sibel Edmonds, a concerned American Citizen, a former FBI translator, a whistleblower, a witness for a United States Congressional investigation, a witness and a plaintiff for the Department of Justice Inspector General investigation, and a witness for your own 9/11 Commission investigation, request your answers to, and your public acknowledgement of, the following questions and issues: Read More Why Louis Freeh Should Be Investigated For 9/11 Why Louis Freeh Should Be Investigated For 9/11 “The FBI has proven for the past decade it cannot identify and prevent acts of terrorism against the United States and its citizens at home and abroad. Even worse, there is virtually no effort on the part of the FBI’s International Terrorism Unit to neutralize known and suspected terrorists residing within the United States.”[1] ... Judicial Watch pointed to a “legacy of corruption” at the FBI under Freeh, listing the espionage scandal at Los Alamos National Laboratories, as well as “Filegate, Waco, the Ruby Ridge cover-up, the Olympic bombing frame-up of Richard Jewell, [and] falsification of evidence concerning the Oklahoma City bombing.”[4] Read More Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld and 9/11 Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld and 9/11 Rumsfeld on the morning of 9/11, prior to the attacks: "let me tell you, I've been around the block a few times," he told Representative Cox. "There will be another event." When did Cheney enter the PEOC beneath the White House? Why did the Secret Service leave President Bush exposed and vulnerable in the classroom at Emma Booker Elementary for more than 10 minutes after they knew we were under attack? Read More 9/11 Training Exercise Planned for Simulated Plane Crash Five Minutes before Pentagon Attack Took Place 9/11 Training Exercise Planned for Simulated Plane Crash Five Minutes before Pentagon Attack Took Place Five minutes before the Pentagon was hit on September 11, 2001, a training exercise being run by a US intelligence agency just over 20 miles from the Pentagon was set to include the scenario of a small private jet plane crashing into a building. It is unclear whether the scenario was played out, or if the exercise had been called off by that time. Read More Cui Bono 9/11? Cui Bono 9/11? UnAnswered Question #1: Cui Bono? A spirited and global citizens' media was birthed by our hunger to learn the truth that lay inside the graves of those who gave their lives on 9/11. This citizens' media brought forward the questions that people throughout the world raised and wanted answered. These are the UnAnswered Questions of 9/11. The persistence of the citizens' media in raising them and demanding answers has illuminated the failure of those responsible to explain what happened or why. Read More FAA Communications with NORAD On September 11, 2001 FAA Communications with NORAD On September 11, 2001 FAA clarification memo to 9/11 Independent Commission Within minutes after the first aircraft hit the World Trade Center, the FAA immediately established several phone bridges that included FAA field facilities, the FAA Command Center, FAA headquarters, DOD, the Secret Service, and other government agencies. The FAA shared real-time information on the phone bridges about the unfolding events, including information about loss of communication with aircraft, loss of transponder signals, unauthorized changes in course, and other actions being taken by all the flights of interest, including Flight 77. Read More Co-Chair of 9/11 Inquiry: American Government Covered Up State Assistance to Hijackers Co-Chair of 9/11 Inquiry: American Government Covered Up State Assistance to Hijackers The co-chair of the Congressional Joint 9/11 Inquiry (Bob Graham) today alleged a cover up by the U.S. government of state assistance by Saudi Arabia to the 9/11 hijackers. Graham is no flake. He was a member of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence for 10 years (including 18 months as chairman), member of the CIA External Advisory Board, chairman of the Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism, 18-year U.S. senator, two-term governor of Florida, co-chair of the national commission on the BP oil spill, and member of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission. Read More White House Terror Chief Alleges CIA 9/11 Malfeasance, Cover Up in New Interview: PBS Colorado’s Exclusive Ignites Battle Among Bush Officials White House Terror Chief Alleges CIA 9/11 Malfeasance, Cover Up in New Interview: PBS Colorado's Exclusive Ignites Battle Among Bush Officials In a never-before-seen interview, Richard Clarke, former White House Counterterror "Tsar" to Presidents Clinton and Bush, goes on record about what he believes happened at CIA in the run-up to the 9/11 attacks, accusing then-CIA Director George Tenet and two of his deputies of deliberately not informing the White House, FBI, and Defense Department about two future hijackers inside U.S., then covering up from the 9/11 investigations. Read More 9/11 Misinformation: Flight ‘Passenger Lists’ Show ‘No Hijacker Names’ 9/11 Misinformation: Flight 'Passenger Lists' Show 'No Hijacker Names' The assertion that 9/11 passengers lists “contained no Arab names” is frequently seen in the 9/11 truth movement. Victims lists for the four planes published by CNN and elsewhere are free of Arab names… This fact has been highlighted as suspicious by some researchers describing the lists as passenger manifests. However, these lists are not passenger manifests, but lists of victims … CNN describes its criteria for including persons in its memorial in a pop-up window labelled ‘About this site’… ‘ Read More Proof that 9/11 Truthers Are Dangerous Proof that 9/11 Truthers Are Dangerous Most Americans don't know what kind of people 9/11 truthers really are. So they can't figure out whether or not they are dangerous. Below is a list of people who question what our Government has said about 9/11. The list proves -- once and for all -- that people who question 9/11 are dangerous. Email this list to everyone you know, to prove to them that 9/11 truthers are all dangerous nut cases. Read More The Wargames of September 11th (beta) The Wargames of September 11th (beta) The latest material for the first time casts light on what may have been the day's master wargame: Global Guardian, run out of Offutt Air Force Base by the US Strategic Command (Stratcom) under Admiral Richard Mies ( official bio ). He has since retired and taken up a gig as the CEO of Hicks & Associates, a "strategic consultant" to the federal government dealing in "military transformation." Read More The 9/11 Commission Report: A 571-Page Lie The 9/11 Commission Report: A 571-Page Lie In discussing my second 9/11 book, The 9/11 Commission Report: Omissions and Distortions, I have often said, only half in jest, that a better title might have been "a 571-page lie." (Actually, I was saying "a 567-page lie," because I was forgetting to count the four pages of the Preface.) In making this statement, one of my points has been that the entire Report is constructed in support of one big lie: that the official story about 9/11 is true. Read More Important “Open Letter to Norman Mineta” concerning his 9/11 Commission-censored testimony – Please help distribute widely… Important Open Letter to Norman Mineta concerning his 9/11 Commission-censored testimony - Please help distribute widely... On May 23, 2003 you testified before the 9/11 Commission in public hearing as to your experience on the morning of 9/11/01. During your testimony you stated that you arrived at the Presidential Emergency Operations Center (PEOC) underneath the East Wing of the White House “at about 9:20 a.m.”, at which time Vice President Richard Cheney ... Read More The NIST WTC 7 Report: Bush Science reaches its peak The NIST WTC 7 Report: Bush Science reaches its peak In a famous book by Antoine de Saint Exupery, a little prince from another planet asks the narrator to draw a sheep. After several unsatisfactory attempts, the narrator simply draws a box and tells the little prince that the sheep is in the box. The little prince then exclaims -- "That is exactly the way I wanted it!" Just so, the Bush Administration asked its scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for an explanation as to what happened at the World Trade Center (WTC) on 9/11. In response to this request, NIST drew up a series of fanciful stories over a period of years, each story differing from the previous one. Finally, after seven long years, NIST published its last story for WTC 7 by simply saying, in effect: "The explanation is in our computer." Read More Black boxes disappear from the WTC site: Bryan Sacks’ and Nick Levis’ of 911Truth.org break story Black boxes disappear from the WTC site: Bryan Sacks' and Nick Levis' of 911Truth.org break story Firefighter Said Black Boxes Were Found at Ground Zero Pulitzer Prize winner William Bunch uses an account from the book, "Behind-the-Scenes: Ground Zero," as one source for the claim that three black boxes from the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center were discovered by authorities during the recovery efforts in 2001-2002. This is contrary to the official story. (Philadelphia Daily News, Thursday, 10/28/04 - a longer version was published on his "Campaign Extra" weblog.) Read More Did the Bush Administration Lie to Congress and the 9/11 Commission? Did the Bush Administration Lie to Congress and the 9/11 Commission? By Dave Lindorff 9/11: Missing Black Boxes in World Trade Center Attacks Found by Firefighters, Analyzed by NTSB, Concealed by FBI One of the more puzzling mysteries of 9-11 is what ever happened to the flight recorders of the two planes that hit the World Trade Center towers. Now it appears that they may not be missing at all. Counterpunch has learned that the FBI has them. Read More Report: Intelligence Unit Told Before 9/11 to Stop Tracking Bin Laden Report: Intelligence Unit Told Before 9/11 to Stop Tracking Bin Laden A great deal of controversy has arisen about what was known about the movements and location of Osama bin Laden in the wake of his killing by US Special Forces on May 2 in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Questions about what intelligence agencies knew or didn't know about al-Qaeda activities go back some years, most prominently in the controversy over the existence of a joint US Special Forces Command and Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) data mining effort known as "Able Danger." What hasn't been discussed is a September 2008 Department of Defense (DoD) inspector general (IG) report, summarizing an investigation made in response to an accusation by a Joint Forces Intelligence Command (JFIC) whistleblower, which indicated that a senior JFIC commander had halted actions tracking Osama bin Laden prior to 9/11. Read More Is Anyone Telling Us the Truth? Is Anyone Telling Us the Truth? What are we to make of the failed Underwear Bomber plot, the Toothpaste, Shampoo, and Bottled Water Bomber plot, and the Shoe Bomber plot? These blundering and implausible plots to bring down an airliner seem far removed from al-Qaida's expertise in pulling off 9/11. If we are to believe the U.S. government, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the alleged al-Qaida "mastermind" behind 9/11, outwitted the CIA, the NSA, indeed all 16 U.S. intelligence agencies as well as those of all U.S. allies including Mossad, the National Security Council, NORAD, Air Traffic Control, Airport Security four times on one morning, and Dick Cheney, and with untrained and inexperienced pilots pulled off skilled piloting feats of crashing hijacked airliners into the World Trade Center towers, and the Pentagon, where a battery of state of the art air defenses somehow failed to function. Read More Who Is Rich Blee? Who Is Rich Blee? Despite threats of prosecution from the CIA, the makers of 9/11: Press For Truth have released their new documentary podcast Who Is Rich Blee? Read More 9/11 and Other Optical Illusions 9/11 and Other Optical Illusions This illusion elucidates a very important principle concerning subjective reality, and helps to illustrate a point about the vastly differing views people can hold about events such as 9/11. Some people who look at the spinning figure will first affirm that she is bouncing on her left leg while twirling in a clockwise direction. Others may avow that she is instead bouncing on her right leg and spinning in a counterclockwise direction. Indeed, you can have many people looking at this animated graphic at the same time and not agree as to what is happening. Read More Crossing the Rubicon: Simplifying the case against Dick Cheney Crossing the Rubicon: Simplifying the case against Dick Cheney Crossing the Rubicon makes the case for official complicity within the U.S. government and names Dick Cheney as the prime suspect in the crimes of 9/11. There are 3 major points made within this book that are crucial to proving Cheney's guilt: Means - Dick Cheney and the Secret Service Motive - Peak Oil Opportuniy - 9/11 Wargames Read More Evidence for Informed Trading on the Attacks of September 11 Evidence for Informed Trading on the Attacks of September 11 Just after September 11th 2001, many governments began investigations into possible insider trading related to the terrorist attacks of that day. Belgium, Cyprus, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Monte Carlo, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United States, and others initiated investigations. Although considerable evidence of insider trading exists, none of the investigations resulted in a single indictment because the people identified as having been involved in the suspicious trades were seen as unlikely to have been associated with those alleged to have committed the 9/11 crimes. Read More London-based oil executive linked to 9/11 hijackers London-based oil executive linked to 9/11 hijackers A Saudi Arabian accused of associating with several of the September 11 hijackers and who disappeared from his home in the United States a few weeks before the attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon, is in London working for his country's state oil company. Abdulaziz al-Hijji and his wife Anoud left three cars at their luxurious home in a gated community in Sarasota, Florida -- one of them new -- and flew to Saudi Arabia in August 2001. The refrigerator was full of food; furniture and clothing were left behind; and the swimming pool water was still circulating. Read More The Doomsday Project and Deep Events: JFK, Watergate, Iran-Contra, and 9/11 The Doomsday Project and Deep Events: JFK, Watergate, Iran-Contra, and 9/11 I know the capacity that is there to make tyranny total in America, and we must see to it that this agency [the National Security Agency] and all agencies that possess this technology operate within the law and under proper supervision, so that we never cross over that abyss. That is the abyss from which there is no return." --Senator Frank Church (1975) I would like to discuss four major and badly understood events - the John F. Kennedy assassination, Watergate, Iran-Contra, and 9/11. I will analyze these deep events as part of a deeper political process linking them, a process that has helped build up repressive power in America at the expense of democracy. Read More Senator Dayton: NORAD Lied About 9/11 Senator Dayton: NORAD Lied About 9/11 In hearings last Friday, Sen. Dayton (D-MN) raised an obvious point: if the timeline of air defense response as promoted in the Kean Commission's best-selling book is correct, then the timeline presented repeatedly by NORAD during the last two years was completely wrong. Yet now no one at NORAD is willing to comment on their own timeline! When the official story of 9/11 can be changed repeatedly without anyone ever being held accountable, we have no right to ever again expect honest government. Please read the following story and do your part to support Sen. Dayton for highlighting the contradiction, and to encourage the media to follow up. Read More Rewarding Incompetence Rewarding Incompetence We strongly agree with President Bush's decision to move Condoleezza Rice out of her position as National Security Advisor. Ms. Rice's statement from her May 16, 2002 press briefing: "I don't think anybody could have predicted that these people would try to use an airplane as a missile, a hijacked airplane as a missile" made it clear that she was ill equipped to be advising anyone on matters of national security. Condoleezza Rice was the top National Security official with President Bush at the July 2001 G-8 summit in Genoa. This was where "U.S. officials were warned that Islamic terrorists might attempt to crash an airliner into the summit ..." Read More 9/11 Commission: The Official Coverup guide 9/11 Commission: The Official Coverup guide The 9/11 Commission came to New York the second week of May for a two-day set of hearings at The New School University. As hundreds of Sept. 11th family members, reporters and curious New Yorkers lined up for airport-style security checks, they received copies of a new 24-page booklet published by NY 9/11 Truth, with help from 911Truth.org. "Scamming America: The Official 9/11 Cover-up Guide" is named after a quote by former Sen. Max Cleland, who resigned from the commission last November with the words, "Bush is scamming America." Read More Bush-Linked Company Handled Security for the WTC, Dulles and United Bush-Linked Company Handled Security for the WTC, Dulles and United George W. Bush's brother was on the board of directors of a company providing electronic security for the World Trade Center, Dulles International Airport and United Airlines, according to public records. The company was backed by an investment firm, the Kuwait-American Corp., also linked for years to the Bush family. The security company, formerly named Securacom and now named Stratesec, is in Sterling, Va.. Its CEO, Barry McDaniel, said the company had a "completion contract" to handle some of the security at the World Trade Center "up to the day the buildings fell down." Read More Bush, Rice and the Genoa Warning: Documenting a demonstrable falsehood Bush, Rice and the Genoa Warning: Documenting a demonstrable falsehood "I don't think anybody could have predicted that these people would take an airplane and slam it into the World Trade Center, take another one and slam it into the Pentagon, that they would try to use an airplane as a missile, a hijacked airplane as a missile." --Condoleezza Rice, May 16, 2002 Read More The Total Failure of the Kean Commission The Total Failure of the Kean Commission ISSUE #1: On the morning of September 11, 2001, NORAD was running war games involving the scenario of hijacked airliners, while the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) was running a drill for the scenario of an errant aircraft crashing into a government building, at the exact same time as an identical scenario was perpetrated in reality. What role, if any, did Secretary Rumsfeld, Undersecretary Wolfowitz, and acting Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Richard Myers play in any war game scenario on the morning of September 11, 2001? What briefings did they receive about these wargames before, during, and after the morning in question? Read More Debunking 9/11 Conspiracy Debunkers with Stewart Bradley Debunking 9/11 Conspiracy Debunkers with Stewart Bradley The following interview is extremely useful for a couple of reasons: 1) The content of the interview, and 2) the extensive links to information documenting the discussion. Thank you to John-Michael Talboo for providing this excellent resource, and his permission to repost! Related--Jon Gold's debate last week with ScrewLooseChange founding debunker, Pat Curley, posted below. Read More Former Explosives Loader for Controlled Demolition Interviewed by AE911truth Former Explosives Loader for Controlled Demolition Interviewed by AE911truth These videos are raw footage of AE911Truth's exclusive interviews with two of the world class experts appearing in Architects and Engineer's upcoming hard hitting documentary "9/11: Explosive Evidence - Experts Speak Out": Tom Sullivan - Former Explosives Loader for Controlled Demolition, Inc. (CDI) Scott Grainger - Fire Protection Engineer Read More Why the Planes Were Not Intercepted on 9/11: The Wall Street Lawyer and the Special Ops Hijack Coordinator Why the Planes Were Not Intercepted on 9/11: The Wall Street Lawyer and the Special Ops Hijack Coordinator Why were none of the four planes intercepted? Some of the most startling facts about the air defense failures have to do with the utter failure of communications between the agencies responsible for protecting the nation. At the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), two people stood out in this failed chain of communications. One was a lawyer on his first day at the job, and another was a Special Operations Commander who was never held responsible for his critical role, or even questioned about it. Read More Taliban government ‘offered bin Laden trial before 9/11′ Taliban government 'offered bin Laden trial before 9/11' The Taliban government in Afghanistan offered to present Osama bin Laden for a trial long before the attacks of September 11, 2001, but the US government showed no interest, according to a senior aide to the Taliban leader, Mullah Omar. "Even before the [9/11] attacks, our Islamic Emirate had tried through various proposals to resolve the Osama issue. One such proposal was to set up a three-nation court, or something under the supervision of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference [OIC]," Muttawakil said. "But the US showed no interest in it. They kept demanding we hand him over, but we had no relations with the US, no agreement of any sort. They did not recognise our government." Read More Secret Service Failures on 9/11: A Call for Transparency Secret Service Failures on 9/11: A Call for Transparency The U.S. Secret Service failed to do its job on September 11, 2001 in several important ways. These failures could be explained if the Secret Service had foreknowledge of the 9/11 events as they were proceeding. That possibility leads to difficult questions about how the behavior of Secret Service employees might have contributed to the success of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Answering those questions will require the release of existing interview transcripts as well as follow-up questioning, under oath, of a few key people within the agency. Read More VIEW Recent Articles Most Recent Articles here Browse by Category [Select Category__________________________] Browse by Tag [Select Tag________________________] Graphic image for 9/11 foreknowledge Graphic: unanswered questions Graphic of paper shredder- destruction of evidence Graphic: conflict of interest Cui bono graphic Alleged Hijacker graphic 9/11 Commission Shield Topics Afghanistan Al Qaeda Building 7 Bush Administration CIA CNN Controlled Demolition Cover-Up David Ray Griffin Dick Cheney FAA FBI George W. Bush Germany Ground Zero Homeland Security Iran Iraq Israel Justice Department Kevin Ryan Lies and misrepresentations Media vs. Propaganda Middle East New York City New York Times NIST NORAD NSA Osama Bin Laden Pakistan Patriot Act Pentagon Richard Gage Saddam Hussein Saudi Arabia Sibel Edmonds State Department Supreme Court Taliban United Nations Vietnam Washington Post White House WTC Welcome to 911Truth.org, where you can explore the facts about 9/11, learn about the 9/11 Truth Movement and find answers to your questions about the 9/11 attacks. View Current 9/11 News & Events Ever since the moment of the first impact at the World Trade Center, a struggle has raged between two broad, competing ideas of what really happened on September 11th, 2001. The US administration delivered an almost immediate verdict, which can be described as follows: Dispatched by Osama Bin Ladin’s network and motivated by hatred and religious fanaticism, 19 suicide bombers hijacked four planes, crashed three of them into their targets, and caused the collapse of the Twin Towers as a consequence of the resulting damage and fires. The 19 men did not necessarily require any accomplices within the United States; and no one in the US government could have possibly anticipated or prevented the attacks. Even as the administration exploited this Official Story (or “Official Conspiracy Theory”) as the pretext to launch new wars long in the making, independent researchers began to accumulate a vast body of evidence suggesting a different narrative for 9/11: that of the False Flag Operation. The 9/11 events and the anomalies in the official story raised Unanswered Questions about: * the unprecedented failure of the US air defense system on the morning of the attacks; * the AWOL military chain of command during the actual attacks, including the inexplicable behavior of the presidential entourage; * the seeming impossibility of official claims with regard to Flight 77; * the evidence that Flight 93 was shot down; * contradictions and dubious evidence in the official claims about the alleged hijackers and masterminds, and doubts about their real identities; * signs that the alleged hijackers enjoyed high-level protection against discovery by honest investigators; * evidence that the alleged hijackers were financed by states allied with US intelligence; * suspicious and massive international financial trades suggesting foreknowledge of the attacks; * widespread signs of official foreknowledge and, in fact, advance preparation for the 9/11 attack scenario; * the long-running links between Islamist fundamentalist terror cells and US covert operations, dating back to CIA support for the anti-Soviet mujahedeen and Osama Bin Ladin himself; * the demolition-like collapse of the Twin Towers and of a third skyscraper, WTC 7; * and questions concerning who could have logically expected to derive benefit in the aftermath of a massive attack on the United States. The suspicions received further confirmation a few weeks after September 11th, with the arrival of anthrax letters targeted only at opposition politicians and media figures, and timed to coincide with the introduction of the USA PATRIOT Act. Already within those first weeks, loose networks of researchers and investigators formed via the Internet to generally become known as the “9/11 skeptics.” They presented substantial bodies of evidence to show that elements within the US government must have been involved in facilitating or orchestrating the attacks – in other words, that 9/11 was possibly a classic case of “false-flag” or synthetic terrorism, such as corrupt states have often perpetrated on their own citizens. What motive would people in the US government or establishment have to commit crimes of this magnitude? The outrage caused by September 11th allowed the Bush administration to instantly implement policies its members have long supported, but which were otherwise infeasible. 9/11 was exploited to launch an open-ended, perpetual “war on terror,” actually a war against any and all enemies the US government may designate. The case of Iraq shows that the target countries of this war need have nothing whatsoever to do with 9/11. The invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan were both planned and prepared in advance of September 11th, with the apparent motive of gaining geostrategic advantage and seizing vital resources. The architects of the Iraq invasion within the Bush administration had earlier been members of the Project for a New American Century. In the PNAC manifesto of September 2000 (“Rebuilding America’s Defenses”), they admitted that the American people would be unwilling to pay the stiff price for US global hegemony, full-spectrum military dominance, and the imposition of a new order in the Middle East – unwilling, that is, in the absence of a catalyzing event, an epochal lesson such as a “new Pearl Harbor.” 9/11 put the nation on a permanent war footing, allowed the extension of secrecy doctrines, and temporarily deified the President. The unprecedented public fear was stoked and exploited to allow a roll-back of domestic rights and liberties, as had long been advocated by key members of the Bush administration (and their allies in both major parties). 9/11 allowed the designation of “enemy combatants” in violation of international law; preventive detention and the open use of torture; the activation of long-standing “shadow government” plans; the passage of measures officially undermining constitutional government; and a wholesale re-definition of US geopolitics and American society itself. Perhaps most important of all to potential conspirators, trillions of dollars in spending priorities were predictably shifted from “butter” to “guns” in the years after September 11th, unleashing a new wave of growth and profiteering in the war and security industries. 9/11 became a pretext for economic crisis management and transformation under the cover of war and counterterror. From the beginning, those who doubted the official story saw the potential for achieving a different kind of global transformation. By exposing the great fraud to the public, the 9/11 dissidents hoped to reverse the policies adopted after September 11th; to end the wars; to reveal a long and sordid history of covert operations, black budgets and hidden economics; to wake up the American people to the reality of the globalist drive to corporate feudalism, which is destroying the natural environment and the lives of the planetary majority; and to motivate the people to act against this sea of troubles. The first two years after September 11th saw the rise of the Families’ Movement, which kept the issue of the “unanswered questions” alive, and which forced the creation of the official 9/11 Commission. The Bush administration acted to delay, stonewall and starve all official investigations – with the complicity of the mainstream media, who ignored the festering questions or at best ridiculed those who asked them. Many signs confirmed that there was indeed a 9/11 Cover-up: outrageous conflicts of interest within official investigating bodies, such as the appointment of Henry Kissinger and then Philip Zelikow to the 9/11 Commission; destruction of evidence; the silencing of whistleblowers; and the promotion of the very officials who were responsible for the supposed failures of September 11th. For many, the 9/11 cover-up itself became the smoking gun pointing to wrongdoing: the untenable excuses of massive serial incompetence; the endless coincidences; the insulting fairy tale that “no one could have imagined planes as weapons”; the omission and suppression of any evidence contradicting the official story. Editor’s Note: 9/10/13 » Dear 9/11 Truth Advocate,Since 2002, 911truth.org has been a trusted resource for accurate news and information related to the crimes of September 11th, 2001. A small group of committed truth advocates has worked tirelessly over the years to compile this historical record, not found in either establishment history books or mainstream media. It continues to be developed, added to, corrected and enhanced as time goes on. 911Truth.org is the oldest continuously published website pertaining to the crimes of 9/11/2001, in furtherance of our mission “to provide, the best in investigative reporting, scholarly research and public education regarding the suppressed realities of September 11th, its aftermath and exploitation for political ends, the toxic air cover-up, and the anthrax attacks; mindful always of standards of fact and logic, the limits of what we know in the absence of official investigative powers, and the dangers of rumor and unconfirmed or false claims.” This website represents the work of thousands of researchers, students, activists, academics and concerned citizens who have contributed literally millions of hours toward that end. Without the generous support of myriad contributors to 911truth.org, none of this would have been possible. It is with heartfelt appreciation that we approach the 12th anniversary of 9/11 with the launch of a new, streamlined 911truth.org in furtherance of our mission. It is our goal to offer the mountains of information in a more easily searchable format better able to be used as a research tool. By adding a tag cloud and expanded menu choices, in addition to more clearly defined categories, we have enabled readers to find information on any topic of interest — quickly and easily. It is also now possible to review all entries within each category in reverse chronological order. In addition, all articles within the site can be custom sorted by using any category and tag combination with the following URL syntax: http://www.911truth.org/?category_name=xxx&tag=yyy (for example, Begin Questioning about Air Defense Failures: http://www.911truth.org/?category_name=begin_questioning&tag=air-defens e-failures). We trust readers will welcome this change. The new site is the result of nearly a year of concerted effort by a single individual almost entirely pro bono. There is much left to be done. Your financial support is required to finish the job. Please make as generous a contribution as you are able at our Donate page. What will your contribution support? • Completion of the 911truth.org Media page, an enormous compilation of audio and video resources from truth advocates, conference presentations, media appearances, radio shows, speaking events and more. • While organizing these many pieces of information we’ve realized much is missing as we’ve gone through 12 years of history, such as original news reporting on bin Laden’s funeral from Egyptian and Pakistani newspapers, statements from 9/11 Commission staffers and others, etc. • Linking to archived versions of websites that have gone offline so as to preserve the valuable work that has been done by others. We genuinely appreciate your support over time and ask that you continue contributing to this truth telling tool so that it remains available for generations to come. We believe truth always wins, and that light always overcomes darkness … always. Thank you for your part in shining that light. With best wishes, 911Truth.org Copyright © 2013. 911Truth.org. All Rights Reserved. TOP § The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [DailyTimeline.htm&j=n] September 11 News.com - September Daily Timeline - Timeline & chronology of events since the 9/11/2001 terrorist attack on America. September 11 News.com - September Daily Timeline - Timeline & chronology of events since the 9/11/2001 terrorist attack on America. September 11 News.com - September Daily Timeline - Timeline & chronology of events since the 9/11/2001 terrorist attack on America. September 11 News.com - September Daily Timeline - Timeline & chronology of events since the 9/11/2001 terrorist attack on America. Click on the September Timeline photos for a larger image. WTC Attacked 9/11 September 2001 Daily Timeline & Images. A Daily Chronology and Timeline of Events From September 11, 2001 to September 30, 2001. ©September11News.com Click on the photos and graphics for a larger image. Photos © AP or Reuters Click on the September Timeline photos for a larger image. NYC Aerial Sept 23 ©September11News.com On Tuesday morning, September 11, 2001, the U.S. is attacked by terrorists in New York City and Washington, and the world changes forever. Sept. 11: Hijacked jetliners hit the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon outside Washington. A fourth hijacked plane crashes into a field in Pennsylvania. Trading on Wall Street is stopped. The Federal Aviation Administration halts all flight operations at the nation's airports for the first time in U.S. history. U.S. military is placed on high alert. President Bush addresses the nation and vows to "find those responsible and bring them to justice." Hundreds of New York City firemen and policemen sent to rescue WTC workers are lost when the WTC Twin Towers collapse. Reaction from international leaders is swift as world leaders react with outrage over the attacks. Go to Attack Images/Morning Timeline. Go to Bush Images/Timeline. Sept. 12: New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani warns death toll will be in the thousands at the trade center. Firefighters continue to douse flames in New York and Washington. Bush labels attacks "acts of war" and asks Congress to devote $20 billion to help rebuild and recover. Click on the September Timeline photos for a larger image. America is Attacked Click on the September Timeline photos for a larger image. World Trade Center Sept. 13: Fighting back tears, Bush vows that America will "lead the world to victory" over terrorism in a struggle he termed the first war of the 21st century. Secretary of State Colin Powell identifies Osama Bin Laden as the prime suspect. The United States will respond with a sustained military campaign, not a single strike, Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz says. Air travel resumes. Go to profile of Osama bin Laden. Sept. 14: Bush declares national emergency and gives military authority to call 50,000 reservists to active duty. Justice Department releases names of the 19 hijackers. Afghanistan's Taliban militia warns of "revenge" if United States attacks it for harboring bin Laden. Bush leads four former presidents and nation in prayer at National Cathedral and visits trade center. Sept. 15: President Bush says U.S. troops will hunt down terrorists in a long, unrelenting war; cites desire by American people not only for revenge, but to end "barbaric behavior." The State Department warns governments will be isolated if they tolerate or assist terrorist groups. Pakistan agrees to the full list of U.S. demands for a possible attack on neighboring Afghanistan. Click for a larger image. President Bush becomes emotional when discussing the September 11 attacks. George W. Bush Click for a larger image. The Bush family and the Clinton family at Washington prayer service on September 14, 2001. National Cathedral Sept. 16: President Bush pledges "crusade" to "rid the world of evil-doers," brushes off reported Osama bin Laden denial. U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney warns that those who harbor terrorists face "the full wrath of the United States." Pakistani official says senior delegation sent to Afghanistan to deliver U.S. message: hand over Osama bin Laden or risk massive assault. Click on the September 16th photo of the NYC skyline for a larger image. NYC Skyline Sept 16 Sept. 17: The supreme leader of Afghanistan's hardline Taliban says a grand council of Islamic clerics will decide whether to hand over bin Laden. The Federal Reserve cuts its key interest rate to try to keep the economy from plunging into a recession. Investors send stocks reeling on Wall Street's first day of trading since the attacks. The list of people FBI wants detained in the United States and abroad grows to nearly 200. Click on the September 17th photo of the NYSE floor for a larger image. NYSE Opens Again Sept. 18: Taliban leaders call on Muslims to wage holy war on America if it attacks. U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld says administration preparing sustained offensive against terrorists and countries that support them. Bush leads nation in moment of silence. Authorities say federal grand jury in New York has opened investigation. Sept. 19: Pentagon orders combat aircraft to bases in Persian Gulf. Bush continues push to enlist global support in the battle against terrorism, meeting with the Indonesian president and calling leaders of South Africa and South Korea; foreign ministers of Russia and Germany meet with Powell. Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf seeks to reassure his country the war against terrorism does not target Islam or people of Afghanistan. Thousands of Afghans flee toward borders. Sept. 20: In national address, Bush announces creation of a Cabinet-level Office of Homeland Security and names Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Ridge to coordinate efforts to prevent terrorism. Bush directs U.S. military forces to "be ready" for the gathering battle: "The hour is coming when America will act and you will make us proud." Islamic clerics urge bin Laden to voluntarily leave Afghanistan. Pentagon announces that 5,131 members of the Air Force National Guard and Air Force Reserve ordered to active duty. Go to President Bush's address to Congress. Sept. 21: Taliban rulers refuse to hand over bin Laden and warn that any U.S. attacks could plunge region into crisis. Taliban troops take up positions in the jagged mountain peaks on Afghanistan's border with Pakistan. Thousands demonstrate in Pakistan's major cities. Pentagon commits more aircraft to the Persian Gulf. German authorities say they believe a terrorist group based there began planning the U.S. attacks as far back as 1999. Click for a larger image. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld at the Pentagon. Donald Rumsfeld Click on the photo of Homeland Security chief Tom Ridge for a larger image. Homeland Security Click for a larger image. President George W. Bush addresses the nation on September 20th. Speech to Congress Sept. 22: The Taliban say they shot down unmanned spy plane in northern Afghanistan. United Arab Emirates cuts diplomatic relations with Taliban for refusing to surrender Osama bin Laden. President Bush meets with advisers at Camp David, Md., as Pentagon orders ships and planes to Middle East. Click on the September 20th photo of WTC missing persons posters for a larger image. NYC Wall of Posters Sept. 23: U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell promises to lay out evidence against Osama bin Laden. Donald Rumsfeld confirms the United States lost contact with an unmanned spy plane over Afghanistan. Taliban leadership says it can't find bin Laden to advise him to leave the country. U.S. officials dismiss the claim. President Bush returns the American flag to full staff at Camp David, symbolically ending the period of national mourning. Click on the September 23rd photo of dust in a Battery Park City apartment for a larger image. Manhattan Apt. Dust Sept. 24: President Bush signs an order freezing the assets of 27 people and organizations, calling it a strike at financial foundation of terrorists. He demands foreign banks follow the U.S. lead. Osama bin Laden calls on Pakistan's Muslims to fight "the American crusade." The ruling Taliban say they are dispatching 300,000 fighters to defend Afghanistan's borders. The United Nations says the Taliban threaten to kill U.N. relief workers in Afghanistan. Click on the September 24th photo of a rescue worker at the WTC for a larger image. WTC Site Sept. 24 Sept. 25: The United States and six of the world's richest nations agree to produce coordinated plan to freeze the assets of all terrorist organizations. Saudi Arabia cuts ties with the Taliban government. Osama bin Laden's organization makes a fresh call to arms, saying "wherever there are Americans and Jews, they will be targeted." The Pentagon calls nearly 2,000 more reservists to active duty, bringing to 14,318 the number of Reserve and National Guard members called so far. Click for a larger image. U.S. forces depart for the Persian Gulf. USS Enterprise Sept. 26: U.S. and Pakistani officials end two days of talks in Islamabad, with Pakistani leader saying nations agree on military preparations for combating bin Laden's terrorist network in Afghanistan. Thousands storm abandoned U.S. Embassy compound in Afghan capital of Kabul. United Nations agency says assault on Afghanistan could send up to 1.5 million refugees into Pakistan and other neighboring countries. Click on the September 27th photo of WTC prayers for a larger image. WTC Priest Prayers Sept. 27: Taliban acknowledge they can communicate with bin Laden, saying they have given him a week-old message from clerics that he leave the country voluntarily. Bush announces plan to bolster airline security, including expanded use of federal marshals on airliners. At Bush's urging, governors around the nation plan to use the National Guard troops for airport security. Sept. 28: Bush says United States "in hot pursuit" of terrorists. Administration official says U.S. special forces have conducted scouting missions in Afghanistan. Pakistani delegation fails to persuade leader of Afghanistan's ruling Taliban to surrender terrorist suspect bin Laden. The U.N. Security Council unanimously approves a U.S.-sponsored resolution demanding all nations take sweeping action against terrorism. Attorney General John Ashcroft says authorities have arrested or detained more than 480 people. Click for a larger image. The Taliban is defiant in the face of the American attacks against the Taliban. Taliban Ambassador Click for a larger image. The target of the Afghanistan campaign is Osama bin Laden and the Al-Qaeda network. Sept. 29: In national radio address, Bush says nation's defense against more attacks will be to "aggressively and methodically" disrupt and destroy terrorism. Thousands rally in Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Barcelona, Spain to discourage armed retaliation. Anti-war protests draw hundreds in Austin, Texas, and Athens, Greece. The United Nations resumes food shipments to prevent starvation in Afghanistan. Sept. 30: The Taliban say explicitly for the first time that Osama bin Laden is still in Afghanistan and is being kept in a secret location. Pakistani president says even under threat of U.S. military strikes, hopes "very dim" bin Laden would be surrendered. Afghanistan opposition says territory gained and hundreds of Taliban soldiers defected during three days of fighting in northern mountains. Foreign aid workers in Iran stockpile emergency rations for possible waves of Afghan refugees. Please visit Royal Roofing to contact a specialized residential roofing contractor. Click on the photo of Osama bin Laden for a larger image. Osama bin Laden September 11 News Archives - The Year That Followed 9/11 Complete News Timelines and Photo Archives following the September 11, 2001 Attack on America. September 11, 2001 - September 11, 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. September 2001 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. October 2001 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. November 2001 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. December 2001 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. January 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. February 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. March 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. April 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. May 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. June 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. July 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. August 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. September 2002 CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. Copyright AP, Reuters or news service as indicated. © Copyright 2001- 2009 September11News.com About Us Contact Us The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives § Home The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [Mysteries1.htm&j=n] September 11 News.com - Heavenly crosses, and mysterious images, faces, and creatures in the smoke of the World Trade Center towers after the terrorist attacks in New York City on 9-11-2001. September 11 News.com - Heavenly crosses, and mysterious images, faces, and creatures in the smoke of the World Trade Center towers after the terrorist attacks in New York City on 9-11-2001. September 11 News.com - Heavenly crosses, and mysterious images, faces, and creatures in the smoke of the World Trade Center towers after the terrorist attacks in New York City on 9-11-2001. Many Mysterious Images and Objects are Seen in the WTC Smoke. Crosses are Seen Standing in the Ruins after the WTC Towers Collapse. Images and Crosses Editor's Comments ©September11News.com On the morning of September 11, 2001, I was working at my home office. After being informed of the first terrorist attack on the Trade Center towers I turned on the television and watched the horror unfold. I was shocked at the unimaginable destruction, and overwhelming loss of life. It was a tragedy beyond belief. As I watched that morning, I noticed a series of eerie faces in the billowing smoke. These images appeared to morph in the seemingly never-ending pillars of ugly black smoke. I made a mental note of these surreal apparitions, and I mentioned it to my wife. I did not discuss these sightings again. After all, I tend to see images in clouds. However the images I see in clouds are always pleasant images, usually animals. In assembling the archives for this site, I viewed thousands of images and newspaper covers. Again, I noticed the eerie faces in the still images of the smoke of the burning towers. They seemed to be present in not just one, but several of the burning tower images. Further research provided additional information and seemed to confirm what I was seeing. I was not alone in noticing these awful faces. Mark D. Phillips, a professional AP photographer in New York, captured an incredibly real image of an evil, devil-like face that is distinguishable on the side of the tower's exterior structure. The authenticity of this image has caused a bit of a stir. Our research has concluded that his image is original and not doctored. The Associated Press and Mark Phillips have unequivocally denied any tampering or enhancement of the image. In fact, neither AP or Phillips were aware of what the photograph appeared to reveal until the image was noticed by readers of US newspapers. When the photo appeared on an early Wednesday (Sept. 12) edition of the Saginaw (Michigan) Press, the phone calls began. (See images below.) Further reports indicate that both CNN and ABC have also captured additional devilish images on their television videotape coverage. (See images below.) Additional faces and images have also been identified by several others. (See images below.) The images on this page are not intended to frighten. They are what they are: mostly evil images from an evil act. I, like most people in the world, are convinced that goodness will prevail over evil, and we pray that the likes of these images will never be seen again. In a speech to the USA on September 11th, President Bush said, "Today, our nation saw evil." He may have been literally correct. Later in that same speech he also said, "Tonight, I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve, for the children whose worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil for you are with me." Not all images below depict evil faces. Some images depict angel-like images, objects, and flying creatures. We offer our research as an archive of the images that show something, whatever that something may be. There are also remarkable stories of NYC firemen dropping to their knees in prayer after seeing crosses rising up from the catastrophic ruins of the WTC towers. We begin this section with the original story of the crosses, images of one of the crosses, where the cross was originally sighted, and a memorial with the NYC Fire Department. We have also included memorable cross images from the days following the September 11th attacks. God Bless Our Earth. Crosses Standing in the Ruins of the WTC Towers. Images are ©AP or Reuters Click on the photos for a larger image. A cross of steel beams is left standing after the WTC towers collapse. Click on the image for a larger image. September 13, 2001 Steel cross found in WTC ruins. A cross of steel beams is left standing after the 9-11 WTC towers collapse. Click on the image for a larger image. The WTC cross becomes an inspiration to the Ground Zero workers. A cross of steel beams is left standing after the 9-11 WTC towers collapse. Click on the image for a larger image. Two FDNY Firemen raise hands at a cross ceremony on October 4, 2001, where the Cross was blessed and later moved. A cross of steel beams left standing after the 9-11 WTC towers collapse. Click on the image for a larger image. October 4, 2001 WTC cross is blessed by Father Jordan. Click on the June 2002 WTC Cross news photo for a larger image. June 20, 2002 Vatican WTC cross ceremony. Subsequent to the NY Post story below, we located a photograph of one of the original crosses found on the top of the rubble (image above). It is the same cross used in the October 4th memorial ceremony with the New York City Fire Department. The cross of steel beams was blessed at Ground Zero on the northwestern side of the World Trade Center attack site. The cross was found by a laborer at the site two days after the twin towers' collapsed and later moved to its present location. Father Brian Jordan blessed the cross. The cross was from World Trade Tower One, and was found in World Trade Building Six, and then moved to the October 4, 2001 location. (Click on the photographs for larger images.) On September 23, 2001, The New York Post Published the Following Story: © NY Post You are looking at what some people believe is a miracle. Two days after the disaster, a construction worker found several perfectly formed crosses planted upright in a pit in the rubble of the heavily damaged 6 World Trade Center. The large, cross-shaped metal beams just happened to fall that way when one of the towers collapsed. An FBI chaplain who has spent days at ground zero says he has not seen anything like it on the vast site. As word of the find has spread at ground zero, exhausted and emotionally overwhelmed rescue workers have been flocking to the site to pray and meditate. "People have a very emotional reaction when they see it," says the Rev. Carl Bassett, an FBI chaplain. "They are amazed to see something like that in all the disarray. There's no symmetry to anything down there, except those crosses." Chaplain Ray Giunta of Sacramento, Calif., has been to the crosses to pray with rescue workers. "One of the firefighters pointed to them last night and told me, ‘There's my angel,'" Giunta said. The angel protecting the pit where the crosses were found is the Brooklyn-born hardhat who found them: a gentle giant named Frank Silecchia. Silecchia, 47, who now lives in Little Ferry, N.J., found the crosses on the Thursday morning immediately following the collapse of the towers. He marked the site by spray-painting on a nearby wall the words "God's House," and a directional arrow. "The crosses are just shards of steel that came from the Tower 1 [the north tower], and went right through the roof of Building 6 and destroyed the entire center of it," he explained. "When I first saw it, it took my heart, and made me cry for about 20 minutes," he says. "It helped me heal the burden of my despair, and gave me closure on the whole catastrophe." In subsequent days, Silecchia, a born-again Christian, led his fellow rescue workers and others - many of whom were grieving the loss of loved ones - to the crosses. A veteran firefighter who had been digging through the twisted metal for his lost firefighter son. An angry cop who lost someone in the collapse. A Vatican representative, who photographed the crosses for the pope. And ABC's Barbara Walters. He says they all left in peace. "Barbara Walters' niece lost her son in the building," he said. "Barbara told me she wanted people to see the House of God, so people who needed healing could find it." September Cross Images Reflect the Tragic Loss of Life Images are ©AP or Reuters Click on the photos for a larger image. Click on the September 2001 Cross photos for larger images. September 24, 2001 Prayers for America Cross Memorial at London, U.K., Park. Click on the September 2001 Cross photos for larger images. September 23, 2001 Five Thousand White Crosses are Placed in a Field in Guthrie, Oklahoma to Honor the WTC victims. Click on the September 2001 Cross photos for larger images. September 23, 2001 Guthrie, OK Memorial Click on the September 2001 Cross photos for larger images. September 23, 2001 Cross Found in the Ruins of the St. Nicholas Church. Click on the September 2001 Cross photos for larger images. September 23, 2001 Guthrie, OK Memorial The Image Captured in a Photograph by Mark D. Phillips of Stellar Images. Images are ©Mark D. Phillips and Stellar Images. Click on the images for a larger view. Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Images are ©Mark D. Phillips and Stellar Images. Image as Reported in USA Newspapers Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Images are ©Mark D. Phillips and Stellar Images. Image from USA News Service Site September 11 News faces in the WTC smoke. Images are ©Mark D. Phillips and Stellar Images. Enlarged Image of Face in the Smoke Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Images are ©Mark D. Phillips and Stellar Images. Image from USA News Service Site The images above are from internet news services. To read the testimonial of authenticity of this image, or to read the bio on the photographer, go to the photographer's web site at Stellar Images. The Images Captured on Videotape by CNN and WABC. Images are ©CNN and WABC. Click on the images for a larger view. Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Television Videotape Image / WABC News Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Television Videotape Image / CNN Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. TV Videotape Image Enlarged / CNN The images above are from internet news services. Unusual Face Discovered After Second Tower is Attacked. Images are ©AP Click on the images for a larger view. Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Daily Record New Jersey Sunday, Sept 16 While compiling newspaper archives, September 11 News noticed what appears to be an eerie clown like mask on the side of the WTC tower. The photo appeared on the cover of the Sunday, September 16th edition of the New Jersey Daily Record (left). We then located the original AP Photo (right). The AP photo was taken moments after Flight 175 hit the WTC South Tower at 9:03 AM EDT. This AP photo is very similar to the image captured on videotape by CNN (shown above), and an image on the Internet (shown below). Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. September 11 News faces in the WTC smoke. Images of Faces Seen in the Smoke of the WTC Towers. The following images were posted on the internet by the individual as shown. Click on the images for a larger view. Enlargements show outlines. Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Evil Face Posted by D. Caprio Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Evil Face Posted by M. Masi This image is also apparent on newspaper and CNN above. Masi's image has traced a complete body. Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Evil Face Posted by D. Caprio Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Angel Image Posted by J. Destafano Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Face of God? Posted by G. Howard Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Mystery Face Posted by J. Reyes A Mysterious Flying Creature Departs the Collapsing WTC Tower. Images are © Reuters Click on the images for a larger view. September 11 News images in the WTC smoke. A flying creature departs the top of the collapsing WTC South Tower (Seq.1) September 11 News mysterious images in the WTC smoke. Click on this photograph for a larger image. South Tower Seq. 1 September 11 News mysterious images in the WTC smoke. Click on this photograph for a larger image. South Tower Seq. 2 September 11 News mysterious images in the WTC smoke. Click on this photograph for a larger image. South Tower Seq. 3 On September 11, 2001, at 10:00 A.M. EDT, the WTC South Tower collapses. September 11 News has discovered an image above the tower as it begins to collapse. The winged creature appears bird-like, and seems to be backing up and flying away from the top of the tower. In the Reuters photograph sequence above you can see the image as it appears to leave the top of the falling tower. September 11 News mysterious images in the WTC smoke. Close-Up South Tower Seq. 1 When we zoomed in on the flying creature we also noticed a bear-like creature across from the winged animal. The bear is on top of the North Tower with a leg and paw on the side of the building. He appears to be looking at the departure of the South Tower creature. A Mysterious Flying Object Near the WTC Tower Captured on Videotape. Images are © Gamma News & Fox News Click on the images for a larger view. A mysterious flying object near the WTC Tower captured on videotape. Click on the photo for a large image. Fox News Seq. 1 A mysterious flying object near the WTC Tower captured on videotape. Click on the photo for a large image. Fox News Seq. 2 A mysterious flying object near the WTC Tower captured on videotape. Click on the photo for a large image. Fox News Seq. 3 A mysterious flying object near the WTC Tower captured on videotape. Click on the photo for a large image. Fox News Seq. 4 A mysterious flying object near the WTC Tower captured on videotape. Click on the photo for a large image. Fox News Seq. 5 A flying mystery object was captured on Fox News videotape moments after a second aircraft crashed into New York's World Trade Center. Stills from the video, taken by Gamma Press USA, showing the twin towers from an east angle, reveal an unknown object moving at a 90 degree angle to the second plane's flight path. A close examination of the footage appears to first show the object flashed by sunlight, above the left tower, a full 10 seconds after impact of the second airliner. The mystery object quickly streaks across the the back of the right tower before swooping down at a rapid clip and out of the camera's frame. Crucifix at Ground Zero Fine Art Poster September11News.com, in association with art.com, present a special commemorative fine art poster featuring the steel beam cross found at Ground Zero with the original inscriptions. Click on the September 11, 2001 Steel Beam Cross art to order this art image from art.com. Click on the steel beam cross image for poster information. Click on the September 11, 2001 Steel Beam Cross art to order this art image from art.com. Read more mysteries, including how the number 11 mysteriously dominates the events of September 11, 2001. Go to the Mystery of the Elevens. Click here to read how the number 11 dominates the events of September 11, 2001. Many scholars, astronomers, and theologians believe The Star of Bethlehem was seen on Sept.11, 3 B.C. Go to September 11 in History. Click here to read the significant events of the last 2000 years on September 11th. [spon.jpg] Where is my Vote? - CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. Copyright AP, Reuters or news service as indicated. © Copyright 2001- 2009 September11News.com About Us Advertising Contact Us The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives § The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [Mysteries2.htm&j=n] September 11 News.com - The Mystery of Number 11 on 9/11/2001- The mysterious coincidence of the number eleven in the events of the September 11th attack on America. September 11 News.com - The Mystery of Number 11 on 9/11/2001- The mysterious coincidence of the number eleven in the events of the September 11th attack on America. September 11 News.com - The Mystery of Number 11 on 9/11/2001- The mysterious coincidence of the number eleven in the events of the September 11th attack on America. September 11 News.com - The Mystery of Number 11 on 9/11/2001- The mysterious coincidence of the number eleven in the events of the September 11th attack on America. The Number 11 Mysteriously Dominates the Events of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks in the USA. The Number 11 Editor's Comments ©September11News.com The number 11 has been linked to mystery and power since ancient times. All forms of number research and study, including Numerology, the ancient science of Gematria, and the secret wisdom of Kabbalah, all give significant importance to 11, and 11 derivatives - 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, and 99. The number 11 is considered a master number. The first Great War, World War 1, ended on the 11th hour, of the 11th day, of the 11th month. To this day, victims and veterans are remembered at that specific time. In Tolkein's The Lord of the Rings, the number 11 is described as a curious number, and reaching your 111th birthday is an event. The USA skipped sequence numbers on the Apollo moon missions to ensure it was Apollo 11 that landed on the moon. In ancient Egypt King Tutankhamen's tomb had combinations of 11 in the jewelry he wore, and he had 11 oars placed on the floor surrounding his tomb. The number 11, and particularly the number 33, have significance to Freemasons, and other secretive groups. In addition, there have been thousands of people worldwide who have recently expressed a strong feeling towards 11. This has been widely reported for the last 5-10 years, and is now commonly referred to as the 11:11 experience, referring to the time of 11:11. The overwhelming quantity of elevens, surfacing from the events, people, and places related to the 9-11-2001 attacks, is remarkable. It is as if someone planned the events to occur around the number eleven. If it was not planned, then the coincidence of the numbers, seems even more mysterious and improbable. We have also found an 11-year cycle in Osama bin Laden's life. The life changing events occur every 11 years, when bin Laden is 11, 22, 33, and 44. We have uncovered several patterns of elevens that have occurred before, during, and after the attacks. The Dates The date of the attack: 9/11 - 9 + 1 + 1 = 11. September 11 has 9 letters and 2 numbers: 9+2=11. The number 911 is the telephone number for emergencies in North America. September 11th is the 254th day of the year: 2 + 5 + 4 = 11. After September 11th there are 111 days left to the end of the year. March 11, 2002, marked 6 months since the attack, and fell in the 11th week of 2002. On March 11, 2002, New York City lit the sky with 88 (8 x 11 = 88) powerful GE bulbs that sent light beams into the sky from the World Trade Center site. The next morning, on March 12, 2002, 11 FDNY firemen were recovered from Ground Zero. Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. New York City - 11 Letters Flight AA11 & The Target Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. New York City - 11 Letters The first plane to hit the towers was American Airlines Flight 11. The Flight 11 call letters were AA11: A=1, A=1, AA=11. Four of the hijackers on flight AA11 have the initials A. A. for their names: AA=11. The fifth AA11 hijacker was the pilot, Mohamed Atta, 11 letters, and AA in last name. Flight AA11 had 92 people on board - 9 + 2 = 11. Flight AA11 had 11 crew members - 2 pilots and 9 flight attendants. The target of Flight AA11 was in New York City -11 letters. The State of New York was the 11th State added to the Union. Manhattan Island was discovered on Sept. 11, 1609 by Henry Hudson -11 letters. Trade Center is 11 letters, and Skyscrapers is 11 letters. World Trade Center Towers is 22 letters - 2 x 11 =22. The WTC Twin Towers - standing side by side, look like the number 11. The WTC Towers are each 110-storeys high. The first WTC tower hit (North Tower) collapses at 10:28 A.M. -1+2+8=11. The 1st Fire Unit to arrive to the WTC towers was FDNY Unit 1. Unit 1 lost 11 firemen. The WTC towers collapsed to a height of 11 stories. After 99 days of burning, NYC declares the WTC fires are extinguished - 9 x 11 = 99. The World Trade Center fires burn continuously for 99 days, between September 11, 2001 and December 19, 2001. The World Trade Center fire is the longest burning commercial fire in U.S. history. On September 7, 2002, NYC Medical Examiners announced the revised official death toll from the World Trade Center attacks was 2,801 - (2+8+0+1 = 11). On the morning of September 11, 2002 the names of 2,801 victims were read at a Ground Zero Ceremony. It took 2 ½ hours to read all the names. Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The Pentagon - 11 letters Flight UA77 & The Target Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The Pentagon - 11 letters The plane that hit the Pentagon was United Airlines Flight 77 -11 x 7 =77. Flight 77 - 65 on board - 6 + 5 = 11. The target of Flight 77 was The Pentagon - 11 Letters. One of the walls of The Pentagon collapses at 10:10 A.M. Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Colin Powell - 11 letters People & Places Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. George W. Bush - 11 letters According to the FBI, earlier terrorists originally planned to hijack 11 planes. Thirty days after the attack, the FBI releases a Most Wanted Terrorist List with 22 names. Mohammed, the prophet of the Muslim faith, died in 632 A.D. - 6+3+2=11. The Taliban's Manual of Afghan Jihad (Holy War) is 11 volumes. 119 is the area code to Iraq/Iran - 1 + 1 + 9 = 11. The League of Arab States is comprised of 22 Arab nations - 2 x 11 = 22. The suspected base of the terrorists is Afghanistan - 11 Letters. Osama bin Laden's birthplace is Saudi Arabia - 11 letters. Ramzi Yousef - convicted of orchestrating the 1993 WTC attack - 11 Letters. The Prime Minister of Israel - Ariel Sharon - 11 Letters. Deputy PM, & Minister of Foreign Affairs for Israel - Shimon Peres - 11 Letters. President Bush and the White House Elevens ©September11News.com The President of the USA - George W. Bush - 11 letters. The previous USA President - Bill Clinton - 11 letters. The US Secretary of State - Colin Powell - 11 letters. Independence Day in the USA is July 4th - 7 + 4 = 11. The US President's plane is Air Force One - 11 letters. George W. Bush's Air Force One is numbered "29000" on the tail - 2+9+0+0+0 = 11. George W. Bush & Bob Beckwith (11 letters) Fireman #164 - 1+6+4 = 11. Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beckwith (FDNY #164) September 14th image for a larger image. Bush & Bob Beckwith Daily News Sept. 15th Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beckwith (FDNY #164) September 14th image for a larger image. Bush & Bob Beckwith Sept. 17th Time Cover Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beckwith (FDNY #164) September 14th image for a larger image. Bush & Bob Beckwith Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beckwith (FDNY #164) September 14th image for a larger image. Bush & Bob Beckwith Sept. 14, 2001 WTC Ground Zero Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beckwith (FDNY #164) February 25th image for a larger image. Feb. 25, 2002 Ceremony George W. Bush & Bob Beckwith Fireman #164 On September 14, 2001 U.S. President George W. Bush visited Ground Zero at the World Trade Center. In a now famous series of images President Bush uses a speaker (bull horn) to encourage WTC rescue workers. Bush is flanked by a New York City fireman. The fireman is Bob Beckwith and the number on his fireman's hat is 164 (1 + 6 + 4 = 11). Also, Bob Beckwith is 11 letters. George W. Bush & Saddam Hussein's "11 Long Years" Commencing in early September 2002 President George W. Bush refers to Saddam's last "11 years" in virtually every major speech he gave in September, 2002. The following is a Bush speech on September 5, 2002, as quoted from The New York Times, "For 11 long years, Sadam Hussein has sidestepped, crawfished, and wheedled, out of any agreement he made not to harbor or develop weapons of mass destruction." Osama bin Laden's History with Plane Crashes and an 11-Year Cycle. ©September11News.com We also note that the September 11 attacks were not the only plane crashes related to Osama bin Laden. In 1968 Osama bin Laden's father, Mohammed Awad bin Laden, died in a plane crash. Osama, born in 1957, was 11 years old at the time. Osama's oldest brother, Salem bin Laden, then took over the family business. Twenty years later in 1988, Salem also died in a plane crash. The plane that crashed was a BAC 1-11. Click on the Osama bin Laden image for a larger view. Osama bin Laden's life follows an 11-year cycle. Father and brother die in plane crashes. There is a notable eleven year cycle in Osama bin Laden's life that begins at 11, when his father dies in 1968. This is the age that Osama "turned to God." Eleven years later, in 1979, when Osama is 22, Russia invades Afghanistan. Osama says, "I was enraged and went there at once." Another eleven years later, in 1990, when Osama is 33, Iraq invades Kuwait, and American forces land in Saudi Arabia. Again Osama was infuriated, he forms al-Qaeda, and says that Americans troops were now "in our most holy lands." Another eleven years later, in 2001, when Osama is 44, Osama's organization attacks America in New York and Washington. The four life changing events in Osama bin Laden's life occur in an 11-year cycle beginning at 11 and continuing every 11 years. Osama's defining moments occur when he is 11, 22, 33, and 44. Click on the Osama bin Laden image for a larger view. Osama bin Laden's life follows an 11-year cycle. Life follows an 11 year cycle at ages 11, 22, 33, and 44. Osama bin Laden notices dates. The bombings of the USA Embassies in Tanzania and Kenya, occurred on August 7, 1998. The American troops landed in Saudi Arabia, bin Laden's homeland, on August 7, 1990. Anthrax Hits America Within Weeks of the September 11 Attacks. Is this the Eleventh Plague? On March 25, 2001 CBC Canada Broadcast a Report Called: Bio-terrorism: the Eleventh Plague © CBC / Producer Bob Carty Following is an excerpt from the CBC broadcast. Swarms of frogs, gnats, flies and locusts. Livestock diseased. People with boils. Hail storms that kill, rivers that turn to blood, daytime that turns dark. And the death of the firstborn child. Those are the ten terrible plagues of the Old Testament. Today, however, scientists and military experts say we should be worried about a new affliction - the eleventh plague. It's the use of living things like plague, smallpox, anthrax, and new diseases like Ebola, as weapons of mass destruction - and mass terror. Strategic experts say that a dozen nation states and an equal number of terrorist groups may now possess biological weapons. That possibility is why, just six weeks ago, officials evacuated hundreds of people from buildings in Ottawa, Toronto and Vancouver when it was feared that they had been infected by biological agents. For a long time, officials in western democratic societies were reluctant to talk about biological terrorism. Talking about it might encourage it. But that's changed in the last few years. The threat of a biological attack against a North American city is now so great that officials feel the topic must be broached. And discussed. And assessed. The Eleventh Plague. The Eleventh Plague The Eleventh Plague was also the title of two books, both released prior to the September 2001 anthrax attacks. One is fiction, and one is non-fiction. The category of both books is bio-terrorism. The Eleventh Plague. The Eleventh Plague Click on the Oceans Eleven movie poster for a larger image. Oceans Eleven Oceans Eleven Finally we note that the new Hollywood version of Oceans Eleven is released only weeks after September 11, 2001. (The film was completed prior to 9/11).The star-studded film was so anticipated that the film opening topples the record-breaking Harry Potter movie from the #1 position at the movie box office. We also note the opening day of the film, which is clearly shown on the theatrical poster as "12-7-01". >>> Oceans Eleven release date 12-07-01 (1+2+7+1 = 11). Click on the Oceans Eleven movie posters for a larger image. Poster images ©Warner Bros. Click on the Oceans Eleven movie poster for a larger image. Oceans Eleven The winning numbers in the September 11, 2002 New York State Numbers lottery draw were 911. On September 11, 2002, exactly one year after the 9/11 attacks, the winning numbers drawn in the New York State Lottery for September 11, 2002 were: 9, 1, 1. The lottery is called "Numbers" and was broadcast live on television. The winning numbers in the September 11, 2002 New York State Numbers lottery draw were 911. On September 11, 2002 AP Reported the Following 9/11 NY Lottery Story © AP 9-1-1 Drawn on 9-11 in New York Lottery ALBANY, New York - On the first anniversary of the terrorist attacks, a date known as 9-11, the evening numbers drawn in the New York Lottery were 9-1-1. "The numbers were picked in the standard random fashion using all the same protocols," said lottery spokeswoman Carolyn Hapeman. "It's just the way the numbers came up. Lottery officials won't know until Thursday morning how many people played those numbers or the total payout", she said. For the evening numbers game, the New York Lottery selects from balls numbered zero to nine circulating in a machine at the lottery office. Three levers are pressed, and three balls are randomly brought up into tubes and then displayed. On September 12, 2002 AP Reported the Following 9/11 NY Lottery Story © AP By MICHAEL VIRTANEN, Associated Press Writer Eerie 9-1-1 Lottery Draws Interest ALBANY, N.Y. (AP) - Officials say it was just a coincidence, but many people found it chilling nonetheless: On the anniversary of Sept. 11, the winning numbers in the New York lottery were 9-1-1. Lottery officials said Thursday that 5,631 people had selected the tragic numbers. They won $500 each. "The numbers were picked in the standard random fashion using all the same protocols," said lottery spokeswoman Carolyn Hapeman. "It's just the way the numbers came up." The 9-1-1 combination was picked so often, it reached the lottery's set limit for combinations and sold out by Tuesday evening, Hapeman said. On any given day, seven to 10 sets of numbers are "closed out," she said. For the drawing, which is televised live, the lottery uses numbered balls circulating in a machine. When host Jolanda Vega pushes three levers, three balls pop up randomly. On Wednesday evening, there wasn't the slightest trace of a quaver in Vega's voice as she read out: "Nine ... one ... one." There is a 1-in-1,000 chance of the numbers 9-1-1 coming up in the lottery. "I'm a bit surprised, but I wouldn't characterize it as bizarre," said Christopher Rump, a probability expert at the University of Buffalo. "People tend to read into these things. I'm sure that whatever numbers come up tonight will have some special meaning to someone, somewhere." Lottery players said the eerie number sequence didn't make them think the draw was rigged. "It's not that unusual," said Bob Matusiak, who bought a ticket Thursday at a convenience store. A similar coincidence occurred Nov. 12 when the numbers 5-8-7 came up in the New Jersey lottery the day American Airlines Flight 587 crashed in New York City. Lottery ticket vendors said some people seemed reluctant to try their luck on the sequence even as they bet on it. "I think some people were disgusted with the idea of playing that number because it represents a black day in the history of America," Farzad Khosravi said. Hapeman said Wednesday was the first time in more than a year that the 9-1-1 combination had come up in the New York lottery. Crosses are found in the WTC ruins, and mysterious images are seen in the smoke of the WTC Towers. Go to Crosses & WTC Images. Click here to view the mysterious faces in the smoke of the WTC towers. Many scholars, astronomers, and theologians believe The Star of Bethlehem was seen on Sept.11, 3 B.C. Go to September 11 in History. Click here to read the significant events of the last 2000 years on September 11th. The Number 11 Dominates The Day That Changed The World - Sept. 11, 2001 The Number 11 Dominates The Man That Changed The World - Barack Obama The Mystery of Number 11 Obama and the Number 11 [EMBED] [EMBED] [spon.jpg] CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. Copyright AP, Reuters or news service as indicated. © Copyright 2001- 2009 September11News.com About Us Advertising Contact Us The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives § The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [InternationalReaction.htm&j=n] September11News.com - International Reaction & Images. Reaction and Images From World Leaders Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA.The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. September11News.com - International Reaction & Images. Reaction and Images From World Leaders Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA.The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. International Reaction to the September 11, 2001 Attacks in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington. Click on the thumbnail image for a larger image. Comments and Images of the World's Leaders Following the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks. All the photos, pictures, and images below are © AP, CP, or Reuters. In Their Own Words. British Prime Minister Tony Blair expressed horror and sent condolences to U.S. President George W. Bush. "There have been the most terrible, shocking events taking place in the United States of America within the last couple of hours," Blair says. "We can only imagine the terror and carnage there and the many, many innocent people who have lost their lives." This was "perpetrated by fanatics who are utterly indifferent to the sanctity of human life, and we, the democracies of this world, are going to have to come together to fight it and eradicate this evil completely from our world." Queen Elizabeth II said she was watching developments in "growing disbelief and total shock." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Blair: "Fanatics" Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon told Americans "Our hearts are with you and we are ready to provide any assistance at any time." Israel declared Wednesday a day of mourning and set up a blood bank for the injured. "This is a war between good and evil and between humanity and the bloodthirsty," said Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. He added that the attacks would be "a turning point in the war against international terror." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Sharon: "Good & Evil" French President Jacques Chirac expressed outrage, and assured the United States of France's support and sympathy. "France is deeply upset to learn of the monstrous attacks that have just struck the United States," says Chirac. "In these terrible circumstances, all French people stand by the American people. We express our friendship and solidarity in this tragedy." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Chirac: "Monstrous" Russian President Vladimir Putin holds a news conference and expresses deep sympathy to the American people, calling the incidents a "terrorist act, this terrible tragedy." Russian President Putin added, "the entire international community should unite in the struggle against terrorism . . . this is a blatant challenge to humanity." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Putin: "Unite" United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan said "There can be no doubt that these attacks are deliberate acts of terrorism, carefully planned and coordinated and as such I condemn them utterly. Terrorism must be fought resolutely wherever it appears." Chinese President Jiang Zemin sent a message to Bush, and expressed condolences to the family members of the victims of the attacks. He also expressed "grave concern" for the safety of Chinese in the United States. German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder said: "the German people stand by the United States of America at this difficult hour." "I want to express to you my deep condolences and my unlimited solidarity to you and the American people. Our sympathy goes to the victims and their relatives." Schroeder said, "They were not only attacks on the people in the United States, our friends in America, but also against the entire civilized world, against our own freedom, against our own values, values which we share with the American people." Calling Tuesday's attacks a threat to peace and freedom everywhere, he said, "We will not let these values be destroyed – in Europe, America or anywhere in the world." Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien calls the attacks "a cowardly act of unspeakable violence . . . It is impossible to fully comprehend the evil that would have conjured up such a cowardly and depraved assault." Chrétien was one of the first world leaders to speak to President Bush. Fearing additional attacks, all planes in the sky on the morning of September 11, 2001 were ordered to land at the closest airports, and Canada became an emergency landing site for hundreds of international and domestic flights bound for the USA. For several hours the Canada-US border was closed. LeadersChretien14th.jpg (21572 bytes) Chrétien: "Cowardly" Mexican President Vicente Fox said: "Today the whole world and here in Mexico began the day with this high-impact news, this criminal act of terrorism, which we reject along with all forms of violence. We want from here to express our solidarity and our support to all the victims of these acts of terrorism and their family members. We reiterate our complete, emphatic rejection of all forms of violence and all forms of terrorism." Japan's Prime Minister, Junichiro Koizumi, said "this outrageous and vicious act of violence against the United States is unforgivable." Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak called the attacks in New York and Washington "horrific" and added in a televised statement: "Egypt firmly and strongly condemns such attacks on civilians and soldiers that led to the deaths of a large number of innocent victims." Palestinian President Yasser Arafat said "I send my condolences, and the condolences of the Palestinian people to American President Bush and his government and to the American people for this terrible act," Arafat told reporters in Gaza. "We completely condemn this serious operation. . . . We were completely shocked . . . It's unbelievable, unbelievable, unbelievable," says a visibly upset Arafat. Sheik Ahmed Yassin, whose Islamic militant Hamas group has carried out a series of suicide bombings in Israel, said he was not interested in exporting such attacks to the United States. "We are not ready to move our struggle outside the occupied Palestinian land. We are not prepared to open international fronts, however much we criticize the unfair American position," Yassin told reporters in Gaza City. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Arafat: "Unbelievable" In Colombia, the government of President Andres Pastrana, struggling with its own decades-old civil war, "condemn and reject the cowardly and villainous terrorist attacks committed today against the American people." Pastrana was awaiting the first visit by U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell, scheduled to arrived in Bogotá later that day for a two-day visit. That trip was cancelled as Powell left a meeting of the Organization of American States he was attending in Lima for Washington. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Colin Powell leaves Lima Peru for U.S. In a rare afternoon television address, Taiwanese President Chen Shui-bian urged the public to stay calm, saying the island must "stick together when facing a possible change in the international situation." North Korea called the attacks "tragic," adding that it "is opposed to all forms of terrorism." The U.S. State Department lists North Korea among seven national "sponsors of terrorism." Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad Mahathir expressed sadness, but urged the U.S. government not to seek revenge. "Retaliation will lead to the deaths of many people and will be followed by more counter-strikes," he was quoted as saying. Addressing parliament, Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi said the Group of Eight – the seven leading industrialized nations and Russia – "are considering the possibility of holding a summit which can undertake concrete steps." At a special meeting, European Union foreign ministers asked "all Europeans to observe three minutes of silence" on Friday, Sept. 14th at 6 a.m. EDT. They declared Friday a "day of mourning" in all 15 EU nations because the attacks were "not only on the United States, but against humanity itself and the values of freedom we all share." The EU ministers said in a statement "There will be no safe haven for terrorists and their sponsors, the Union will work closely with the United States and all partners to combat international terrorism." NATO Secretary-General Lord Robertson said "An attack on one is an attack on all," after the alliance's 19 ambassadors decided to invoke Article 5 of the NATO charter for the first time in the alliance's history. "At the moment this is an act of solidarity," Robertson said, adding that the declaration "in no way" binds the United States "against taking action on its own." In a later statement, the NATO allies said "in the event of attacks ... each ally will assist (the United States) by taking such action as it deems necessary. Accordingly, the United States' NATO allies stand ready to provide the assistance that may be required as a consequence of these acts of barbarism." Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi, whom the United States has accused of backing international terrorism, called the attacks "horrifying" and urged Muslim aid groups to offer help "regardless of political considerations or differences between America and the peoples of the world." Gadhafi said, "Irrespective of the conflict with America it is a human duty to show sympathy with the American people, and be with them at these horrifying and awesome events which are bound to awaken human conscience." Syrian President Bashar Assad sent a condolence message to the White House, calling for "world cooperation to eradicate all kinds of terrorism." Iranian President Mohammad Khatami, a moderate who is struggling for power against the country's hard-line Islamic leaders, expressed "deep regret and sympathy with the victims" and said "it is an international duty to try to undermine terrorism." President Gen. Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan, one of three countries then recognizing the Taliban's government (Sept. 11), condemned the attacks and called for cooperation to combat the "modern-day evil" of terrorism. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 12, 2001 Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 13, 2001 Taliban's Ambassador to Pakistan, Mullah Abul Salam Zaeef, said "It is premature to level allegations against a person who is not in a position to carry out such attacks, it was a well-organized plan and Osama has no such facilities." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 14, 2001 Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Interpol puts bin Laden on their Wanted List. Taliban official Mutawakel tells journalists in Pakistan "where is the evidence" against Osama bin Laden. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. "No evidence" Pope John Paul II called the attacks an "unspeakable horror" which has thrust the U.S. into a "dark and tragic moment." The pontiff says, "I hurry to express to you and your fellow citizens my profound sorrow and my closeness in prayer for the nation." Addressing his weekly general audience in St. Peter's Square, Pope John Paul II told Americans that "those who believe in God know that evil and death do not have the final say." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Pope: "Unspeakable" Full Text of the Speech by Pope John Paul II from the Vatican on September 12, 2001 I cannot begin this audience without expressing my profound sorrow at the terrorist attacks which yesterday brought death and destruction to America, causing thousands of victims and injuring countless people. To the President of the United States and to all American citizens I express my heartfelt sorrow. In the face of such unspeakable horror we cannot but be deeply disturbed. I add my voice to all the voices raised in these hours to express indignant condemnation, and I strongly reiterate that the ways of violence will never lead to genuine solutions to humanity's problems. Yesterday was a dark day in the history of humanity, a terrible affront to human dignity. After receiving the news, I followed with intense concern the developing situation, with heartfelt prayers to the Lord. How is it possible to commit acts of such savage cruelty? The human heart has depths from which schemes of unheard-of ferocity sometimes emerge, capable of destroying in a moment the normal daily life of a people. But faith comes to our aid at these times when words seem to fail. Christ's word is the only one that can give a response to the questions which trouble our spirit. Even if the forces of darkness appear to prevail, those who believe in God know that evil and death do not have the final say. Christian hope is based on this truth; at this time our prayerful trust draws strength from it. With deeply felt sympathy I address myself to the beloved people of the United States in this moment of distress and consternation, when the courage of so many men and women of good will is being sorely tested. In a special way I reach out to the families of the dead and the injured, and assure them of my spiritual closeness. I entrust to the mercy of the Most High the helpless victims of this tragedy, for whom I offered Mass this morning, invoking upon them eternal rest. May God give courage to the survivors; may he sustain the rescue-workers and the many volunteers who are presently making an enormous effort to cope with such an immense emergency. I ask you, dear brothers and sisters, to join me in prayer for them. Let us beg the Lord that the spiral of hatred and violence will not prevail. May the Blessed Virgin, Mother of Mercy, fill the hearts of all with wise thoughts and peaceful intentions. Today, my heartfelt sympathy is with the American people, subjected yesterday to inhuman terrorist attacks which have taken the lives of thousands of innocent human beings and caused unspeakable sorrow in the hearts of all men and women of good will. Yesterday was indeed a dark day in our history, an appalling offence against peace, a terrible assault against human dignity. I invite you all to join me in commending the victims of this shocking tragedy to Almighty God's eternal love. Let us implore his comfort upon the injured, the families involved, all who are doing their utmost to rescue survivors and help those affected. I ask God to grant the American people the strength and courage they need at this time of sorrow and trial. Live September 11 News International Relations News Today's International Relations Headlines. Live News. Updated Every 15 Minutes. Click on the news headlines for the complete news story. Opens a new window. Click here for more information on the Earth by Night wall poster from art.com. Earth by Night Satellite Image Mosaic Click here for information on the Earth by Night Poster from art.com. International Relations News Read the International Reaction to the October 7, 2001 Air Strikes against the Taliban in Afghanistan. Click here to go to the October 7, 2001 archives of the U.S. airstrikes in Afghanistan. A complete archive of the day, including comments and reactions from world leaders, international newspaper covers, and President Bush's TV address to America. Click here to go to the October 7, 2001 archives of the U.S. airstrikes in Afghanistan. Read President George W. Bush's Reaction Following the September 11, 2001 Attack on America. Click here to go to President George W. Bush on September 11, 2001. Presidential timeline, speeches, and images. President Bush on September 11, 2001, includes the President's timeline that morning, and text of the speeches made that day. Plus images of the President the week following the attacks. Click here to go to President George W. Bush on September 11, 2001. Presidential timeline, speeches, and images. [spon.jpg] CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. Copyright AP, Reuters or news service as indicated. © Copyright 2001- 2009 September11News.com About Us Advertising Contact Us The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives § Home The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [PresidentBush.htm&j=n] September11News.com - President George W. Bush Reaction and Speeches Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA. The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. September11News.com - President George W. Bush Reaction and Speeches Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA. The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. September11News.com - President George W. Bush Reaction and Speeches Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA. The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. September11News.com - President George W. Bush Reaction and Speeches Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA. The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. January 15, 2009 President George W. Bush Delivers Final Remarks on 9/11 in Farewell. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Below is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Below is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Below is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. This evening, my thoughts return to the first night I addressed you from this house, September 11, 2001. That morning, terrorists took nearly 3,000 lives in the worst attack on America since Pearl Harbor. I remember standing in the rubble of the World Trade Center three days later, surrounded by rescuers who had been working around the clock. I remember talking to brave souls who charged through smoke-filled corridors at the Pentagon and to husbands and wives whose loved ones became heroes aboard Flight 93. I remember Arlene Howard, who gave me her fallen son's police shield as a reminder of all that was lost. And I still carry his badge. As the years passed, most Americans were able to return to life much as it had been before 9/11. But I never did. Every morning, I received a briefing on the threats to our nation. And I vowed to do everything in my power to keep us safe. Over the past seven years, a new Department of Homeland Security has been created. The military, the intelligence community and the FBI have been transformed. Our nation is equipped with new tools to monitor the terrorists' movements, freeze their finances and break up their plots. And with strong allies at our side, we have taken the fight to the terrorists and those who support them. Afghanistan has gone from a nation where the Taliban harbored al Qaeda and stoned women in the streets to a young democracy that is fighting terror and encouraging girls to go to school. Iraq has gone from a brutal dictatorship and a sworn enemy of America to an Arab democracy at the heart of the Middle East and a friend of the United States. There is legitimate debate about many of these decisions, but there can be little debate about the results. America has gone more than seven years without another terrorist attack on our soil. This is a tribute to those who toil day and night to keep us safe -- law enforcement officers, intelligence analysts, homeland security and diplomatic personnel, and the men and women of the United States armed forces. Our nation is blessed to have citizens who volunteer to defend us in this time of danger. I have cherished meeting these selfless patriots and their families. And America owes you a debt of gratitude. And to all our men and women in uniform listening tonight, there has been no higher honor than serving as your commander in chief. The battles waged by our troops are part of a broader struggle between two dramatically different systems. Under one, a small band of fanatics demands total obedience to an oppressive ideology, condemns women to subservience and marks unbelievers for murder. The other system is based on the conviction that freedom is the universal gift of Almighty God and that liberty and justice light the path to peace. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crashed in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident. Click on the photos for a larger image. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crash landed in the Hudson River in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above text is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crash landed in the Hudson River in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above text is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crashed in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crash landed in the Hudson River in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above text is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crashed in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crash landed in the Hudson River in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above text is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crashed in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. President Bush's Reaction and Speeches After the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington. Click on the thumbnail image for a larger image. Images of President George W. Bush Following the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks. All photos, pictures, and images below are © AP or Reuters. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. On the morning of Sept. 11, while at a school in Sarasota Florida, President George W. Bush is told of the 2nd attack on New York City. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. President Bush tells students and the nation of "an apparent attack." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. President Bush asks for a moment of silence for victims. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. President Bush leaves Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana after speech (text below). Word of the tragedy first came to President Bush in the hallway of a school in Sarasota, Fla., moments after the first plane hit New York's World Trade Center. He went to a private room, where he spoke by phone with National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice; it appeared then that the matter could be just a terrible accident. Then, at 9:04 a.m., while Bush met with second-graders, staff chief Andrew H. Card Jr. whispered in his ear that a second plane had struck. Bush's sunny countenance went grim. After Card's whisper, Bush looked distracted and somber but continued to listen to the second-graders read and soon was smiling again. He joked that they read so well, they must be sixth-graders. After huddling with advisers, Bush entered the school's media center for what was to have been an education speech. He looked stunned, but by the time he reached the podium, he was composed and at 9:30 a.m. delivered the chilling news of "an apparent terrorist attack on our country." Complete Timeline of President George W. Bush on September 11, 2001. White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer provided the following details of President Bush's day on Tuesday, Sept. 11. All times are EDT. A soldier in front of Air Force One at Barksdale AFB on the morning of September 11, 2001. A soldier in front of Air Force One at Barksdale AFB on the morning of September 11, 2001. 9 a.m. – Bush arrives at Sarasota, Fla., school for speech. White House chief of staff Andrew Card tells him a plane has crashed into the World Trade Center. 9:05 a.m. – Bush is visiting a second-grade class when Card whispers to him that a second plane has struck the towers. President delays plans to address the tragedy, deciding to get more information first. 9:30 a.m. – Bush meets privately with National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice, who briefs him. He delivers first remarks on the tragedy. 10 a.m. – Aboard Air Force One en route to Louisiana, Bush calls Vice President Dick Cheney and puts America's military on a high alert status. Sifts through reports from staff, including erroneous report that a car bomb had struck the State Department. Gets news that plane has crashed near Pittsburgh. 11:40 a.m. – Bush arrives at Barksdale Air Force Base, La., where he makes series of telephone calls from a general's conference room. Tells Cheney in telephone call, "It's the faceless coward that attacks." He also talks to Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and New York Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y. 1:15 p.m. – Bush departs conference room for Air Force One in a camouflaged Humvee. Talks to Cheney again en route to Nebraska air force base and schedules a 4 p.m. meeting of his national security staff. Also talks to New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani and Gov. George Pataki. "I know your heart is broken and your city is strained and anything we can do, let me know," Bush says. 3:07 p.m. – Bush arrives at U.S. Strategic Command at Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska. 4:36 p.m. – Bush departs for Washington. En route, he calls first lady Laura Bush and says, "I'm coming home, see you at the White House." Works with aides on his prime-time speech. 7 p.m. – Bush arrives at White House to prepare for address. 8:30 p.m. – Bush speaks to nation (text below). 8:35 p.m. – Bush attends national security meeting. 10:21 p.m. – Meeting has ended. Secret Service radio squawks with news that Bush has gone home to bed: "Trailblazer. Second floor of the residence." In President George W. Bush's Own Words. The Speech Made by President Bush Within a Few Hours Following the September 11 Attacks. Speech made from the Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana. I want to reassure the American people that the full resources of the federal government are working to assist local authorities to save lives and to help the victims of these attacks. Make no mistake: The United States will hunt down and punish those responsible for these cowardly acts. I've been in regular contact with the Vice President, the Secretary of Defense, the national security team and my Cabinet. We have taken all appropriate security precautions to protect the American people. Our military at home and around the world is on high alert status, and we have taken the necessary security precautions to continue the functions of your government. We have been in touch with the leaders of Congress and with world leaders to assure them that we will do whatever is necessary to protect America and Americans. I ask the American people to join me in saying a thanks for all the folks who have been fighting hard to rescue our fellow citizens and to join me in saying a prayer for the victims and their families. The resolve of our great nation is being tested. But make no mistake: We will show the world that we will pass this test. God bless. [AABushSpeech3rdSp11thAP.jpg] Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. President Bush addresses the nation on the evening of September 11, 2001 from the Oval Office in the White House (text below). Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. In President George W. Bush's Own Words. The Speech Made by President Bush On the Evening of September 11, 2001. Speech made from the Oval Office. Good evening. Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes or in their offices: secretaries, business men and women, military and federal workers, moms and dads, friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. A great people has been moved to defend a great nation. Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve. America was targeted for attack because we're the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world. And no one will keep that light from shining. Today, our nation saw evil, the very worst of human nature, and we responded with the best of America, with the daring of our rescue workers, with the caring for strangers and neighbors who came to give blood and help in any way they could. Immediately following the first attack, I implemented our government's emergency response plans. Our military is powerful, and it's prepared. Our emergency teams are working in New York City and Washington, D.C., to help with local rescue efforts. Our first priority is to get help to those who have been injured and to take every precaution to protect our citizens at home and around the world from further attacks. The functions of our government continue without interruption. Federal agencies in Washington which had to be evacuated today are reopening for essential personnel tonight and will be open for business tomorrow. Our financial institutions remain strong, and the American economy will be open for business as well. The search is underway for those who are behind these evil acts. I've directed the full resources for our intelligence and law enforcement communities to find those responsible and bring them to justice. We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them. I appreciate so very much the members of Congress who have joined me in strongly condemning these attacks. And on behalf of the American people, I thank the many world leaders who have called to offer their condolences and assistance. America and our friends and allies join with all those who want peace and security in the world and we stand together to win the war against terrorism. Tonight I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve, for the children whose worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil for you are with me." This is a day when all Americans from every walk of life unite in our resolve for justice and peace. America has stood down enemies before, and we will do so this time. None of us will ever forget this day, yet we go forward to defend freedom and all that is good and just in our world. Thank you. Good night and God bless America. Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beck (FDNY #164) September 14th image for a larger image. September 14, 2001 President Bush with New York City Fireman Bob Beck at Ground Zero of the World Trade Center. President George W. Bush and Senior U.S. Government Officials in the Days Following the Attacks. September 11, 2001 to September 14, 2001. Click on the thumbnail image for a larger image. Photographs © AP, Reuters, or the White House. Click on the September 13th photo of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 13, 2001 Reporters Oval Office Click on the September 13th photo of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 13, 2001 Bush Gets Emotional Click on the September 11, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 11, 2001 Bush glances at TV at Sarasota, Fla. school after he was told of the attacks. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 11, 2001 Secretary of State Colin Powell leaves hotel in Lima, Peru for Washington after he was told of attacks. Click on the September 11, 2001 image of President George Bush on the phone from Air Force for a larger image. September 11, 2001 Bush speaks with VP Dick Cheney from Air Force One. Click on the September 11, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 11, 2001 Cheney speaks to Bush from the Emergency Operations Center at the White House. Click on the September 11, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 11, 2001 Bush and Cheney meet later in the day at the White House Emergency Operations Center. Click on the September 12, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 12, 2001 President Bush meets with the National Security Council in the White House Cabinet Room. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 12, 2001 President Bush, Colin Powell, and the National Security Team at a Sept. 12 emergency meeting in Washington. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 12, 2001 Congressional Leaders hold a news conference in Washington, and then sing "God Bless America." Click on the September 12, 2001 image of George Bush and Donald Rumsfeld for a larger image. September 12, 2001 President Bush tours the Pentagon with Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. Click on the September 12, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 12, 2001 Soldiers greet President Bush as he tours the Pentagon with Donald Rumsfeld. Click on the September 14, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 14, 2001 President Bush hugs and consoles survivors during a visit to New York City. Click on the September 12, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 14, 2001 President Bush waves a flag in New York when visiting the World Trade Center's Ground Zero site. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 14, 2001 The Bush Family, and the Clinton family at a church service in Washington's National Cathedral on the 14th. Click on the September 12, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 14, 2001 President Bush speaks to guests at a National Cathedral Prayer Service for Sept. 11th victims. Click on the September 12, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 14, 2001 President George W. Bush and his father clasp hands after Bush gives emotional speech. The Joint Resolution Authorizing the Use of Force Against Terrorists, passed by the Senate and House of Representatives on Sept. 14, 2001. To authorize the use of United States armed forces against those responsible for the recent attacks launched against the United States. Whereas, on Sept. 11, 2001, acts of despicable violence were committed against the United States and its citizens; and Whereas, such acts render it both necessary and appropriate that the United States exercise its rights to self-defense and to protect United States citizens both at home and abroad, and Whereas, in light of the threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States posed by these grave acts of violence, and Whereas, such acts continue to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States, Whereas the president has authority under the Constitution to take action to deter and prevent acts of international terrorism against the United States. Resolved by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, Section 1. Short Title This joint resolution may be cited as the "Authorization for Use of Military Force" Section 2. Authorization for Use of United States Armed Forces (a) That the president is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on Sept. 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons. (b) War Powers Resolution Requirements (1) Specific Statutory Authorization -- Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution, the Congress declares that this section is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution. (2) Applicability of Other Requirements -- Nothing in this resolution supersedes any requirement of the War Powers Resolution. George W. Bush Poster September11News.com, in association with art.com, present a special art poster featuring a portion of the text by George W. Bush in a speech to Congress on September 20, 2001. Click on the poster for more information. Click on the September 11, 2001 Bush speech to congress poster to order art image from art.com. I will not forget... "I will not forget the wound to our country and those who inflicted it. I will not yield, I will not rest, I will not relent in waging this struggle for freedom and security for the American people." George W. Bush, September 20, 2001 Live September 11 News President George W. Bush News The Latest President Bush Headlines. Live News. Updated Every 15 Minutes. Click on the news headlines for the complete news story. Opens a new window. The Latest President Bush Headlines. Live News. Updated Every 15 Minutes. US President Bush President George W. Bush Headlines The Latest President Bush Headlines. Live News. Updated Every 15 Minutes. Bush and Powell Read More September Attack Speeches By U.S. President George W. Bush Speech to Congress on September 20, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's September 20th speech to Congress. U.S. Airstrikes TV Address to America on October 7, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's October 7th Address to the Nation. Speech at Pentagon Memorial Service on October 11, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of George W. Bush's October 11, 2001 Pentagon Memorial speech. Speech to Firemen & Police in Atlanta on November 8, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's November 8th speech in Atlanta. Speech to the United Nations on November 10, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's November 10th speech to the United Nations General Assembly. Read more President George W. Bush speeches and view more President Bush photos, pictures, and images. September 13, 2001 President Bush Speaks to Mayor Giuliani [spon.jpg] Internet School Reviews - A site offering reviews of colleges and universities and online training courses. CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. Copyright AP, Reuters or news service as indicated. © Copyright 2001- 2009 September11News.com About Us Advertising Contact Us The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives § Home The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [PresidentBushPentagon.htm&j=n] September11News.com - President George W. Bush's Memorial Speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001 - exactly one month after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America. September11News.com - President George W. Bush's Memorial Speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001 - exactly one month after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America. September11News.com - President George W. Bush's Memorial Speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001 - exactly one month after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America. September11News.com - President George W. Bush's Memorial Speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001 - exactly one month after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America. Click on the October 11, 2001 photo of President George W. Bush at the White House for a larger image. October 11, 2001 President Bush in the White House Grand Foyer Prior to Leaving for His October 11th Pentagon Speech. Images and Text of U.S. President George W. Bush's Pentagon Memorial Speech on October 11, 2001 - One Month After the Attacks. Photos © AP or Reuters Click on the photos for a larger image. September11News.com - President George W. Bush's Memorial Speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001 - exactly one month after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America. President George W. Bush gives an emotional speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001. Click on the October 11, 2001 photo of President George W. Bush at the Pentagon for a larger image. October 11, 2001 Click on the October 11, 2001 photo of President George W. Bush at the Pentagon for a larger image. October 11, 2001 Click on the October 11, 2001 photo of President George W. Bush at the Pentagon for a larger image. October 11, 2001 Office of the Press Secretary - October 11, 2001 President Pays Tribute at Pentagon Memorial Remarks by the President at the Department of Defense Service of Remembrance The Pentagon Arlington, Virginia 11:55 A.M. EDT THE PRESIDENT: Please be seated. President and Senator Clinton, thank you all for being here. We have come here to pay our respects to 125 men and women who died in the service of America. We also remember 64 passengers on a hijacked plane; those men and women, boys and girls who fell into the hands of evildoers, and also died here exactly one month ago. On September 11th, great sorrow came to our country. And from that sorrow has come great resolve. Today, we are a nation awakened to the evil of terrorism, and determined to destroy it. That work began the moment we were attacked; and it will continue until justice is delivered. Americans are returning, as we must, to the normal pursuits of life. (Applause.) Americans are returning, as we must, to the normal pursuits of life. But we know that if you lost a son or daughter here, or a husband, or a wife, or a mom or dad, life will never again be as it was. The loss was sudden, and hard, and permanent. So difficult to explain. So difficult to accept. Three schoolchildren traveling with their teacher. An Army general. A budget analyst who reported to work here for 30 years. A lieutenant commander in the Naval Reserve who left behind a wife, a four-year-old son, and another child on the way. One life touches so many others. One death can leave sorrow that seems almost unbearable. But to all of you who lost someone here, I want to say: You are not alone. The American people will never forget the cruelty that was done here and in New York, and in the sky over Pennsylvania. We will never forget all the innocent people killed by the hatred of a few. We know the loneliness you feel in your loss. The entire nation, entire nation shares in your sadness. And we pray for you and your loved ones. And we will always honor their memory. The hijackers were instruments of evil who died in vain. Behind them is a cult of evil which seeks to harm the innocent and thrives on human suffering. Theirs is the worst kind of cruelty, the cruelty that is fed, not weakened, by tears. Theirs is the worst kind of violence, pure malice, while daring to claim the authority of God. We cannot fully understand the designs and power of evil. It is enough to know that evil, like goodness, exists. And in the terrorists, evil has found a willing servant. In New York, the terrorists chose as their target a symbol of America's freedom and confidence. Here, they struck a symbol of our strength in the world. And the attack on the Pentagon, on that day, was more symbolic than they knew. It was on another September 11th -- September 11th, 1941 -- that construction on this building first began. America was just then awakening to another menace: The Nazi terror in Europe. And on that very night, President Franklin Roosevelt spoke to the nation. The danger, he warned, has long ceased to be a mere possibility. The danger is here now. Not only from a military enemy, but from an enemy of all law, all liberty, all morality, all religion. For us too, in the year 2001, an enemy has emerged that rejects every limit of law, morality, and religion. The terrorists have no true home in any country, or culture, or faith. They dwell in dark corners of earth. And there, we will find them. This week, I have called -- (applause) -- this week, I have called the Armed Forces into action. One by one, we are eliminating power centers of a regime that harbors al Qaeda terrorists. We gave that regime a choice: Turn over the terrorists, or face your ruin. They chose unwisely. (Applause.) The Taliban regime has brought nothing but fear and misery to the people of Afghanistan. These rulers call themselves holy men, even with their record of drawing money from heroin trafficking. They consider themselves pious and devout, while subjecting women to fierce brutality. The Taliban has allied itself with murderers and gave them shelter. But today, for al Qaeda and the Taliban, there is no shelter. (Applause.) As Americans did 60 years ago, we have entered a struggle of uncertain duration. But now, as then, we can be certain of the outcome, because we have a number of decisive assets. We have a unified country. We have the patience to fight and win on many fronts: Blocking terrorist plans, seizing their funds, arresting their networks, disrupting their communications, opposing their sponsors. And we have one more great asset in this cause: The brave men and women of the United States military. (Applause.) From my first days in this office, I have felt and seen the strong spirit of the Armed Forces. I saw it at Fort Stewart, Georgia, when I first reviewed our troops as Commander-in-Chief, and looked into the faces of proud and determined soldiers. I saw it in Annapolis on a graduation day, at Camp Pendleton in California, Camp Bondsteel in Kosovo. And I have seen this spirit at the Pentagon, before and after the attack on this building. You've responded to a great emergency with calm and courage. And for that, your country honors you. A Commander-in-Chief must know, must know that he can count on the skill and readiness of servicemen and women at every point in the chain of command. You have given me that confidence. And I give you these commitments. The wound to this building will not be forgotten, but it will be repaired. Brick by brick, we will quickly rebuild the Pentagon. (Applause.) In the missions ahead for the military, you will have everything you need, every resource, every weapon -- (applause) -- every means to assure full victory for the United States and the cause of freedom. (Applause.) And I pledge to you that America will never relent on this war against terror. (Applause.) There will be times of swift, dramatic action. There will be times of steady, quiet progress. Over time, with patience, and precision, the terrorists will be pursued. They will be isolated, surrounded, cornered, until there is no place to run, or hide, or rest. (Applause.) As military and civilian personnel in the Pentagon, you are an important part of the struggle we have entered. You know the risks of your calling, and you have willingly accepted them. You believe in our country, and our country believes in you. (Applause.) Within sight of this building is Arlington Cemetery, the final resting place of many thousands who died for our country over the generations. Enemies of America have now added to these graves, and they wish to add more. Unlike our enemies, we value every life, and we mourn every loss. Yet we're not afraid. Our cause is just, and worthy of sacrifice. Our nation is strong of heart, firm of purpose. Inspired by all the courage that has come before, we will meet our moment and we will prevail. (Applause.) May God bless you all, and may God bless America. (Applause.) END 12:08 P.M. EDT Click on the photos of the September 11, 2001 attack at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 12, 2001 Flag Unveiled Images of the Pentagon Following the 9/11 Terrorist Attack. Photos © AP or Reuters Click on the photos for a larger image. Aerial view of the Pentagon three days after the September 11, 2001 attack. Aerial view of the collapsed Pentagon wall. Photograph taken on September 14, 2001. The Pentagon death toll was 125 at the Pentagon and 64 aboard the hijacked plane. Click on the photos of the September 11, 2001 attack at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 11, 2001 Military Chopper Surveys Damage to Pentagon. Click on the photos of the September 11, 2001 attack at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 12, 2001 Soldiers & Firemen Click on the photos of the September 11, 2001 attack at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 12, 2001 Bush thanks a Pentagon doctor. Click on the photos of the September 11, 2002 9/11 Remembrance Ceremony at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 11, 2002 Bush & Rumsfeld Pentagon Ceremony September 11th 2002 One Year After the Attacks The Pentagon Remembers Photos © AP or Reuters Click on the photos for a larger image. Click on the photos of the September 11, 2002 9/11 Remembrance Ceremony at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 11, 2002 Bush & Rumsfeld Pentagon Ceremony September 11, 2002 9/11 Remembrance Ceremony at the Pentagon. September 11, 2002 - Military Salute at Pentagon Remembrance Ceremony Click on the photos of the September 11, 2002 9/11 Remembrance Ceremony at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 11, 2002 President Bush at The Pentagon Ceremony. Click on the photos of the September 11, 2002 9/11 Remembrance Ceremony at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 11, 2002 Honor Guard returns after 9/11 Pentagon Ceremonies. Read More September Attack Speeches By U.S. President George W. Bush Speeches (2) to America on September 11, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's September 11th speeches. Speech to Congress on September 20, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's September 20th Address to Congress. U.S. Airstrikes TV Address to America on October 7, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's October 7th Address to the Nation. Speech to Firemen and Police in Atlanta on November 8, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's November 8th speech in Atlanta. Speech to the United Nations on November 10, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's November 10th speech to the United Nations General Assembly. Read more speeches by President George W. Bush and view more images and photos of President Bush. [spon.jpg] Cellan Diet Pills - Dr. Michelle explains the benefits of Cellan Diet Pills. CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. 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A couple of months before September 11, 2001, and nine chapters into Bleeding Edge, a novel set in—spliced into—New York City before, during, and after the events of that day, a commodities trader named Horst Loeffler takes [his young sons] Otis and Ziggy down to his new office at the World Trade Center, and they eat lunch at Windows on the World, which has a dress code, so the boys wear jackets and ties…. There happens to be a more-than-moderate wind blowing that day, making the tower sway back and forth in five-, what feel like ten-foot excursions. On days of storm, according to Horst’s co-tenant Jake Pimento, it’s like being in the crow’s nest of a very tall ship, allowing you to look down at helicopters and private planes and neighboring high-rises. “Seems kind of flimsy up here,” to Ziggy. “Nah,” sez Jake. “Built like a battleship.” Apart from a soap-opera sting of Hammond organ audible only to the reader, the chapter ends there. Like many Pynchon characters, Horst is gifted with a form of precognition, which in his case enables him to predict the futures of certain traded commodities but not the Future itself. (Such gifts, chez Pynchon, are always narrowly bestowed.) Only we, irretrievably wised up, understand the hollowness, the irony, of Jake’s reassurance. chabon_1-110713.jpg Chris Kasson/AP Images A diner looking across the Hudson River and New Jersey from Windows on the World, the restaurant at the top of the north tower of the World Trade Center, June 1996 Irony, verbal and situational, has been the most often remarked of the tactics deployed by Pynchon in his fifty-year struggle against what fellow Nassau County visionary Jack Kirby called “the Anti-Life Equation”: death understood as the dehumanization imposed by vast and totalizing systems of control. And in spite of the depravities, brutalities, and horrors to be found in the pages of V. (1963), Gravity’s Rainbow (1973), or Against the Day (2006), Pynchon’s struggle has overarchingly been a joyful one, rooted in a profound and abiding goofiness. His magic bag has proved to be charged as inexhaustibly as Felix the Cat’s with puns, parodies, bits of shtick and slapstick. Unflinching when faced with stench and corruption, confronting massacres and atrocities in pre–World War I German Southwest Africa, in rocket-blitzed London, in goon-haunted Colorado during the Labor Wars, Pynchon has with hope and abandon sounded his mighty kazoo and flown his freak flag high. He has left the labs, bunkers, prisons, and slave factories of Anti-Life littered with banana peels. He has heaped up mounds of ironic incongruities behind him—corny lyrics, drug jokes, sight gags, characters surnamed Porpentine, Squalidozzi, and Vibe—as he worked his way along, undermining the twentieth century like Bugs Bunny tunneling toward Pismo Beach. Pynchon, irony: big deal. But not so fast. Dramatic irony, Hammond organ and all, is something new, and unexpected, in Pynchon. Until Bleeding Edge his work has not relied for effect on readers’ foreknowledge of the outcome of some significant or well-known event. In Against the Day the 1902 collapse of St. Mark’s campanile in Venice and the so-called Tunguska event of 1908 are wired to the lives and fates of Pynchon’s characters, but these incidents lie along the frontage road of history’s expressway. Like other factual bits of history in the novels—Wernher von Braun’s SS-symbol-shaped rocket works buried under a Harz mountain, an obscure Civil War naval battle off the coast of California between a Confederate warship and an Imperial Russian flotilla—they tend in their extravagance or absurdity to form a seamless part of the Pynchon ambience. The reader is cheerfully encouraged to confound them with the author’s pure inventions, and generally has no idea how things are going to turn out. The same cannot be said, of course, for the fate of those towers at the foot of West Broadway, fragile as battleships. And it is the histories whose outcome is known to everyone that have generally seemed least to interest Thomas Pynchon. Pearl Harbor, the Hindenburg disaster, the assassination of JFK, any of these celebrated bursts of violence might have moved comfortably into one of Pynchon’s ramshackle grand hotels of paranoia, taking over a whole floor, bags packed to bursting with conspiracy theories. And yet each has gone largely unremarked and unmentioned by any of Pynchon’s narrators or characters over the years.^1 Why, after all, should Pynchon bother with them? Each of those events with its secret history—preposterous, intermittently true—has already been charted, if by lesser cartographers, onto the paranoiac’s map of the twentieth century. And yet here at the epicenter of Bleeding Edge is “11 September” (as Pynchon seems to prefer to style it), long since fitted by a million sub-Pynchons with its own dark halo of portents, rumors, and theories, several of which flit bat-like across the pages of the book. So what gives? It’s tempting to suppose that Bleeding Edge has been written, in part, as a response to the Pynchonization of consensus reality, a transformation that became irrefutable with the rise of the World Wide Web, with its name like that of a global crime syndicate out of some half-parodic James Coburn spy caper and its infinite interlinks a perfect metaphor for paranoia itself. Having nuzzled up to the subject briefly in Inherent Vice (2009), Pynchon digs deep, here, into the history of the WWW (V. sextupled?), from the DARPAnet Cretaceous of 1969 to the dot-com bust at the turn of the millennium. Reviewers have tended to see Bleeding Edge, with ruefulness, pity, or a knowing shrug, as Pynchon’s work writing its own epitaph, as a kind of belated, bemused, perhaps even wistful acknowledgment that on September 11 the world at last caught up with the all-encompassing paranoiac vision of history that seemed so kooky, so far-fetched, back in the crewcut-and-skinny-tie days of V. Ruefulness at the realization that lived history, Edward Snowden leaks and all, should have come so nearly to resemble the fevered intricacies of The Crying of Lot 49 (1966) or Gravity’s Rainbow. Pity for an authentic American prophet whose dark and original revelation has been cribbed, parodied, photocopied, the cribs cribbed, the parodies parodied, the copies copied and reduced to the stuff of crackpot blogs or routine cyberthrillers. And a shrug, perhaps, from those who were born to irony like cavefish into darkness, too cool for pity, too young for rue, having always known that the world and books and Thomas Pynchon can never hope to be anything but copies of copies, parodies of parodies of themselves. By this reading, 9/11—the singularity into which the universe of paranoid theories of history collapsed before expanding endlessly outward again—becomes not just an ideal but a compulsory subject for a late Pynchon novel. This view sells awfully short the deviser of The Crying of Lot 49’s centuries-spanning Trystero System, and the transdimensional, all-controlling They of Gravity’s Rainbow. To hold Pynchon responsible, somehow, for the meager plate of scrambled Jews ‘n’ Muslims with a side of New World Order served up by contemporary conspiracy theorists is like blaming Dean & DeLuca for three dented cans of beans on the otherwise barren shelves of a looted 7-Eleven. There is a sense of mounting impatience in Bleeding Edge as Pynchon clicks, clicks, and clicks on the hyperlinks coded into the page source of 9/11—advance warnings given to Jewish brokers or Muslim cabbies by Mossad or al-Qaeda, suspicious groups of men seen on rooftops before or after the attack, the purported destruction of TWA Flight 800 in 1996 by a shoulder-mounted Stinger missile, unusual trading in the stock of American and United Airlines in the days leading up to September 11. His scorn for all this weak sauce is most sharply evident when it dribbles from the lips of an otherwise affectionately rendered old-lefty liberal New Yorker who sententiously repeats a baseless canard: You know where it all comes from, this online paradise of yours? It started back during the Cold War, when the think tanks were full of geniuses plotting nuclear scenarios. Attaché cases and horn-rims, every appearance of scholarly sanity, going in to work every day to imagine all the ways the world was going to end. Your Internet, back then the Defense Department called it DARPAnet, the real original purpose was to assure survival of US command and control after a nuclear exchange with the Soviets. Conspiracy theories insist that we open our eyes and wise up. The fix is in, resistance is futile, and innocence is a kind of benightedness, a handicap to be overcome. Such theories claim to explain everything and may appear to explain a lot but they fall short—bitterly, uselessly—as any parent can attest, when the time comes to answer a question posed by an actual innocent. A good postmodernist, like a 9/11 truther, can afford the luxury of disdain for innocence; a parent is bound to protect it. Bleeding Edge is best understood not as the account of a master of ironized paranoia coming to grips with the cultural paradigm he helped to define but as something much braver and riskier: an attempt to acknowledge, even at the risk of a melodramatic organ chord, that paradigm’s most painful limitation. 2. It’s significant that Bleeding Edge’s hero—the term works fine right out of the box, no quotation marks necessary—is a mother of two, Maxine Tarnow.^2 A working mother, a successful fraud examiner, for most of the book’s length Maxine doesn’t have time to sit around worrying about how or whether to maintain one’s ironic perimeter once children have breached it. Though she is by no means Pynchon’s first female protagonist, she is the strongest, the funniest, and the busiest. She also doesn’t have time, unlike Oedipa Maas in The Crying of Lot 49, for Tupperware parties and fondue. Though her clients hire her to look into fishy cash-register reports, suspected inventory dodges, questionable bookkeeping, and other not particularly interesting-sounding types of shady commercial practices, Maxine functions, novelistically, as a standard-issue private eye. She carries a gun, cracks relentlessly wise, courts danger, pokes her nose where it doesn’t belong, refuses to be dissuaded from the pursuit of answers by threats of violence, and has had her license lifted (by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners) for cutting occasional corners and refusing to follow standard procedure. She is also, in the grand tradition (except with regard to her children and possibly her ex-husband, Horst Loeffler), hard-boiled. Like its underappreciated predecessor, Inherent Vice (2009), an avowed gumshoe mystery of the Los Angeles School, dense with cannibinoid flashbacks to Raymond Chandler, Ross Macdonald, and Chinatown, Bleeding Edge, which bears an epigraph from Donald E. Westlake, New York’s Chandler, sticks to the usual plan: a client walks through the sleuth’s door with a problem. At first the problem sounds manageable. The sleuth agrees to look into it, make a call, drop in on someone. In the end, after many neighborhoods and social strata (always coextensive in a private-eye novel) have been traversed and visited, and after a vivid array of toughs, losers, and the occasional innocent has been plotted along intersecting axes of power, money, and lust, the original problem turns out to go much deeper, and much higher, than the sleuth or the reader reckoned. That original problem was only a loose thread, it turns out, and when the sleuth tugs on it the world unravels. chabon_2-110713.jpg Bettmann/Corbis Thomas Pynchon, 1955 Maxine’s client is an old friend, Reg Despard, a documentary filmmaker whom she met years ago while accidentally attending a shipboard convention of people with borderline personality disorder (clearly a ship of the Pynchon Line). Reg has been hired, for reasons that never quite become clear, to make a film about a network security company, hashslingrz, so successful that it has survived the recent dot-com burnoff. Having been promised full access for himself and his cameras, Reg has caught a whiff of something rotten, and come with his suspicions to Maxine. Working for free, like Doc Sportello, the Lebowskian sleuth of Inherent Vice, whose plot drew as peculiarly on fine points of marine law and insurance as the plot of Bleeding Edge draws on arcana of commercial accountancy fraud, and armed not only with her Beretta Tomcat but with Pynchony-sounding yet apparently actual fraud investigator tools such as Benford’s Law and “the Altman-Z,” Maxine pursues the truth about hashslingrz and its founder and CEO, Gabriel Ice. As in Inherent Vice—one supposes this is how Thomas Pynchon likes his private-eye stories, or maybe when your detective is a burnout or an accountant things just move kind of slow—it’s an investigation characterized by remarkable leisureliness. This one stretches, when all is said and done, over the course of a year. And yet in all that time, and through almost five hundred pages, neither Maxine nor the reader quite manages to get all the pieces she comes up with—among them DeepArcher, an immersive, interactive, open-source simulation of reality hidden in the Deep (i.e., unindexed) Web; the Russian and late-stage-Italian-American mafias; various cyberspooks and code-ninjas and the cartels-cum-terrorist-banks-cum- government-agencies they may or may not be (or not know they are) working for; a magical-negro bike messenger; a murder in a possibly haunted Upper West Side apartment building; a puritanical, brutal, cruel, yet strangely feckless secret policeman (like Vineland’s Brock Vond), whom Maxine (like Vineland’s Frenesi Gates) inexplicably and rather unforgivably finds sexually irresistible; the rumored secret time-travel experiments carried out on children, with horrific results, at Montauk Point; and, of course, the destruction of the World Trade Center, which has or has not been engineered by Gabriel Ice, who is or is not an Israeli agent, a tool of Islamist terror groups, or a demented capitalist megalomaniac right out of a James Bond film—to fit together. Everything means something, or nothing means anything, and as in every Pynchon novel what can be found is not solution but the grace of moments spent suspended between those certainties: Next day, evening rush hour, it’s just starting to rain…sometimes she can’t resist, she needs to be out in the street. What might only be a simple point on the workday cycle, a reconvergence of what the day scattered as Sappho said someplace back in some college course, Maxine forgets, becomes a million pedestrian dramas, each one charged with mystery, more intense than high-barometer daylight can ever allow. Everything changes. There’s that clean, rained-on smell. The traffic noise gets liquefied. Reflections from the street into the windows of city buses fill the bus interiors with unreadable 3-D images, as surface unaccountably transforms to volume. Average pushy Manhattan schmucks crowding the sidewalks also pick up some depth, some purpose—they smile, they slow down, even with a cellular phone stuck in their ear they are more apt to be singing to somebody than yakking. Some are observed taking houseplants for walks in the rain. Even the lightest umbrella-to-umbrella contact can be erotic. One ought to be accustomed, by now, to Pynchon’s leaving his mysteries unresolved, or at least prepared to give him credit for having done so on purpose. Incompleteness is the inherent vice of paranoid theories of history, the limitation of such theories that Pynchon has always freely acknowledged. Criticism of Pynchon’s “shaggy dog” or sloppy plotting neglects the emphasis that he has always laid on the dual meaning of the word plot. From V. forward, nearly all his novels have been founded on a bedrock of detective fiction and underlayed with science fiction, boy’s adventure, westerns, spy fiction, and other genres that rely, like conspiracy theories, on plotting. His broken plots expose the epistemological brokenness of paranoid systems, which are, after all, nothing but attempts, grander but no less doomed to failure than anyone’s, to make sense of a broken world. If some of the numerous characters in Bleeding Edge fail to distinguish themselves in the readerly eye (and some do) or to rise above the level of deft caricature, this is a fault of the book itself and not (as those who first go after Pynchon’s plots are often pleased to continue) of his art. Given the use, above, of the word “epistemological” to defend Pynchon’s approach to storytelling, one might well anticipate a claim to be advanced now that Pynchon’s characters are “flat” because consciousness, in “modernity,” is a Gödelian construct, because the Subject has been decentered, etc. In this anticipation one would, however, be mistaken. Pynchon’s best books—the string of masterpieces from Gravity’s Rainbow to Against the Day—abound with characters whose complex consciousnesses are rendered in rich and plausible detail, who have their hearts broken and break the reader’s heart as effectively and affectingly as any in twentieth-century literature. What Pynchon’s characters rarely do, perhaps, is undergo “change” or “epiphany,” uncommon experiences in lived life but encountered nearly as often in post-Chekhov literary fiction as tormented-yet-dashing thoracic surgeons in nurse romances. One explanation for the relative thinness of Bleeding Edge’s characters might be the direction taken, since Against the Day, by Pynchon’s prose style. In the recent gumshoe stories he has abandoned, for the most part, the long, agile periods that had been a glory of American literature, capable of moving in the space of one sentence from grave to hectic, elegant to coarse, constructed from diverse lexicons (thermodynamics, junkie slang, classical ballistics, calculus), switching with breathtaking ease among multiple points of view and rhetorical stances, from austere to cornball, mock-scholarly to mock-heroic to mock-pulpy, each sentence sinking its hook into the deeps of a character’s consciousness and hauling that elusive sea monster one heavy inch nearer to the surface. As gumshoe tradition demands, Bleeding Edge, like its predecessor, is written from a single point of view, in a close third-person that attempts to reproduce, with Pynchon’s usual fidelity, the thoughts, perceptions, and internal discourse only of Maxine, a devotee, as a mom and as a fraud investigator, of the no-nonsense school, not given to grave, elegant, breathtaking turns of phrase. This recent style, more clipped, more direct, can feel sawed-off, forceful but less precise and with its range reduced. It seems, like Pynchon’s increasingly mussed, attenuated, naturalistic dialogue, to owe a considerable debt to the late Elmore Leonard, master preceptor of all writers who seek to instruct and sharpen their ear for the way people, Americans in particular, really talk (in his winsome introduction to Slow Learner, Pynchon is candid about his early struggles with a tin ear for dialogue). If Pynchon is indeed channeling Leonard, one can hardly fault the choice of model, but the effect—as if Bob Dylan were to adopt the vocal style of, say, Chet Baker—is jarring in a writer with such a distinguished career behind him and such a distinctive voice of his own. As Bleeding Edge’s constricted prose style and (hence) point of view diminish the perceived texture and density of the book’s characters, they also work against Pynchon’s game and certainly heartfelt attempt to depict the events and immediate aftermath of “11 September.” The prospect of a mind, an eye, and an ear as singular as Pynchon’s taking hold of that super-represented historical moment and finding a way to make the reader hear, see, and feel it all afresh is thrilling. But on the page we find mostly the details we have already long since been provided, in the language we have come to expect: Flatbeds carrying hydraulic cranes and track loaders and other heavy equipment go thundering downtown in convoys day and night. Fighter planes roar overhead, helicopters hang battering the air for hours close above the rooftops, sirens are constant 24/7. Every firehouse in the city lost somebody on 11 September, and every day people in the neighborhoods leave flowers and home-cooked meals out in front of each one. Corporate ex-tenants of the Trade Center hold elaborate memorial services for those who didn’t make it out in time, featuring bagpipers and Marine honor guards. Child choirs from churches and schools around town are booked weeks in advance for solemn performances at “Ground Zero,” with “America the Beautiful” and “Amazing Grace” being musical boilerplate at these events. The atrocity site, which one would have expected to become sacred or at least inspire a little respect, swiftly becomes occasion instead for open-ended sagas of wheeling and dealing, bickering and badmouthing over its future as real estate, all dutifully celebrated as “news” in the Newspaper of Record. Here Pynchon seems to notice, abruptly, the humdrum nature of this passage, and hastily tosses in the more conventionally Pynchonesque observation that “some notice a strange underground rumbling from the direction of Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, which is eventually identified as Robert Moses spinning in his grave.” The curious thing about these passages and, in a way, about the entire enterprise of Bleeding Edge is that, though few seemed to remark it at the time, the events of September 11 have already been given the full Pynchon treatment, in a strange, harrowing set piece, found early in Against the Day, where the horror has been figured as the rampage, across a New York City of a century ago, of a giant, primeval Thing out of Lovecraft: Fire and blood were about to roll like fate upon the complacent multitudes. Just at the peak of the evening rush-hour, electric power failed everywhere throughout the city, and as the gas mains began to ignite and the thousand local winds, distinct at every street-corner, to confound prediction, cobblestones erupted skyward, to descend blocks away in seldom observed yet beautiful patterns. All attempts to counter-attack or even to avoid the Figure would be defeated. Later, fire alarms would go unanswered and the firemen on the front lines find themselves too soon without reinforcement, or the hope of any. The noise would be horrific and unrelenting, as it grew clear even to the willfully careless that there was no refuge. Certainly a writer ought to be allowed to revisit an event, in particular one as massive as the fall of the towers, as many times as he or she pleases. But given the limitations of point of view and language that Pynchon intended to impose on himself in Bleeding Edge, the reader is obliged to ask, once again, what gives? 3. Here we must return to the aforementioned puzzle of dramatic irony, a device that, having made its first bold appearance atop the World Trade Center, recurs throughout the book: in an unplanned Hudson River cruise by Maxine and two friends to a landfill on the Isle of Meadows, where, as the reader doubtless remembers (cue organ), the rubble of the towers will afterward be dumped; in the aforementioned discussion of the fate of TWA Flight 800. With each foreshadowing the dissonant chord swells, the lights flicker, and somewhere far back in a long-vanished zeitgeist, crouched behind a scenery flat, Count Floyd, the low-rent chiller theater host in the old SCTV comedy sketches, throws back his Vitalis-ed head and howls. Pynchon knows perfectly well, we must assume, that he’s taking a risk at such moments, courting cheesiness with so much deliberation and skill. Why, therefore, has he determined to go ahead and howl, even at the risk of readerly eye-rolling; even at the risk—it will be now seen—of self-betrayal? Dramatic irony depends for its effect, after all, on our sense of characters’ closing in on a fixed, a predetermined outcome. Yet theories of predetermination, of election and preterition, of fate as the predictable trajectory and impact of a rocket bomb, tend to play the part of black Stetsons in Pynchon novels: they serve to identify their bearers as irredeemable and villainous. They articulate systems of control, allied with dehumanization and death. The verbal and situational irony on which Pynchon established his reputation are disruptive, subversive, irreverent; dramatic irony is deterministic, authoritarian, inescapable. In guiding us to the roof of the terribly flimsy North Tower, therefore, to sway in the winds of fate with Maxine’s sons and their father, Pynchon is flirting dangerously, willingly, with the methods of Anti-Life itself. Hindsight—exemplified often, in Bleeding Edge, through various characters’ retrospective predictions of smart phones, the culture of warrantless wiretaps, etc.—is a totalizing vision. It sees history, that snarl of infinite forking paths, as a highway without exits, a straight line drawn from then not just to explain but to justify our presence at now. Yet the passage on the roof of the North Tower suggests, and by its conclusion the novel has amply confirmed, that in Bleeding Edge Pynchon is prepared to handle material even chancier than Anti-Life or creature-feature cheese. As the organ reverberates, at the end of chapter nine, after someone in the summer of 2001 tells a nervous little New Yorker whose father works in the building that the WTC is built like a battleship, Pynchon declares his paradoxical readiness—under special, limited circumstances—to abandon irony entirely. At this moment—when innocence, irony’s eternal patsy, needs to be protected—the postmodern deflector shields buckle, then collapse, bathing the USS Bleeding Edge in a burst of parental love and remorse. When a young child’s fingers brush against a crack in the world, a parent seeking to account for that fragility may lie or tell the truth. Either is permissible, depending on the circumstances. The intention behind the lie will be unimpeachably sincere and benevolent, while the truth will need to be doctored, simplified to the point of deception. At such a moment of parenthood, only irony is forbidden. One can tell a child, “But nothing bad is going to happen to you,” knowing the words to be false, or “I would never let anything bad happen to you,” appending to this partial truth a silent insofar as that is possible. One is not permitted, however, to say, “Dude, you are totally toast.” Among the rumors passed along in the wake of September 11 was a report—Pynchon faithfully records it—that irony itself had been among the casualties of the attack. This rumor proved to be as false as that of the Dancing Israelis or of the WTC occupant who “surfed” the collapsing rubble to safety on the ground. It reflected, as Pynchon notes, the degree to which “11 September infantilized this country.” Our childish need for reassurance—knowing full well that reassurance in such circumstances must be false or partial at best—made it seem, to some, as though the long, weird era during which American discourse was transformed meta-discourse, the tyranny of scare quotes, had at last come to an end. It was not long, however, before irony reemerged from the media dust cloud, a bit dazed but with its sidelong gaze trained on Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld, wearing its trademark smirk, carrying a little banner on which was written the words TOO SOON? But the problem of lying to children in the age of irony—Santa Claus gets a chilling PayPal-meets-NSA makeover in Bleeding Edge—remained. The greater, national, and world-historical meanings of the fall of the towers are still being discovered, and the full extent of the changes wrought by that fall will not be known for decades. But there can be little doubt that 9/11 marked a turning point in the history of American parenting, and laid bare the bankruptcy of all our comforting lies. It’s in the hope of attempting to convey some of the pain of that exposure that Pynchon takes his radical chances. At one point late in the novel Maxine’s sons keyboard their way into DeepArcher, the immersive simulated world, and acquire the skill needed to model a virtual corner of it to suit their fancy. When Maxine logs in herself, she chances on their little virtual realm, and is surprised to find that the boys have created not some technocool digitopolis or castellated Faerie but simply New York City, their own neighborhood, drawn in the soft chromo tones of nostalgic postcards, its streets friendly and safe for them to wander. This is a lovely but improbable touch; clearly a parent’s wish-kingdom for her children, not the children’s own. And anyway it seems clear that in compounding a simulation, a wish, and a guarantee of safety one is already well more than halfway to a lie. The hard truth—the brick and mortar truth—of the fate of innocence, of the natural limits of a parent’s power to preserve that innocence from knowledge of the kind of evil that brought the towers down, comes to Maxine in the novel’s sweet and moving conclusion. The novel opens six months before September 11 with Maxine walking her boys to school; it ends in their Upper West Side apartment, on a day six months after the attacks, with the family and the city still a little shaky but maybe going to be all right. Maxine realizes that she is running late for an appointment, and won’t have time, for the first time ever, to walk to school with Otis and Ziggy. She feels a stab of panic. And now the time has come for her child to reassure her: “It’s all right, Mom. We’re good.” “I know you are, Zig….” But she waits in the doorway as they go on down the hall. Neither looks back. She can watch them into the elevator at least. At least, and at most. 1 In Inherent Vice, set in 1970 Los Angeles, the Manson murders and trial do no more than lurk at the demented margins. ↩ 2 Parents of young children are a rarity among Pynchon protagonists, but in nearly every instance— Vineland ’s Zoyd Wheeler and Frenesi Gates, Gravity Rainbow ’s Fritz Pökler and Greta Erdmann—the relationship turns almost entirely around questions of fraud, deception, and concealment. ↩ 1. 1 In Inherent Vice, set in 1970 Los Angeles, the Manson murders and trial do no more than lurk at the demented margins. ↩ 2. 2 Parents of young children are a rarity among Pynchon protagonists, but in nearly every instance— Vineland ’s Zoyd Wheeler and Frenesi Gates, Gravity Rainbow ’s Fritz Pökler and Greta Erdmann—the relationship turns almost entirely around questions of fraud, deception, and concealment. ↩ + Email + Print + + Tweet + November 7, 2013 Also in This Issue —— November 7, 2013 —— Love in the Gardens Love in the Gardens Zadie Smith Gambling with Civilization Gambling with Civilization Paul Krugman On Reading Proust On Reading Proust Stephen Breyer, interviewed by Ioanna Kohler Camus & Algeria: The Moral Question Camus & Algeria: The Moral Question Claire Messud Physics: What We Do and Don’t Know Physics: What We Do and Don’t Know Steven Weinberg More Subscribe to the New York Review —— New Posts —— NYRblog [20131224-pico-1_jpg_63x63_crop_q85.jpg] Proust & Buddhism Pico Iyer [henry-allen-sq_jpg_63x63_crop_q85.jpg] It’s on YouTube, Kid Charles Simic [isaac-cat-train_jpg_63x63_crop_q85.jpg] On ‘Inside Llewyn Davis’ Luc Sante NYRgallery [apocalypse_jpg_63x63_crop_q85.jpg] The Privacy of Typewriters Les Murray Free Newsletter News of upcoming issues, contributors, special events, online features, and more. ____________________ Sign up + Home + Contact Us + About + Subscribe + Advertise + University Press Listing + Independent Press Listing + Help/FAQ + Books + Terms of Service + Feeds + Newsletters © 1963-2013 NYREV, Inc. All rights reserved. § #9/11 Families for Peaceful Tomorrows RSS Feed 9/11 Families for Peaceful Tomorrows Atom Feed 9/11 Families for Peaceful Tomorrows » History Comments Feed Awards and Recognition Campaigns * Login * Become a fan * Follow us * Follow us September Eleven Families for Peaceful Tomorrows * Home * About Us + History + Mission & Goals + Awards & Recognitions + Governing Documents + Our Founding + Our Steering Committee + Program Partners + Stories that Shaped the Past + Map + Timeline * Membership + Membership Registration Form + Members o Stories + Member Projects * Press Room + Media Coverage + News + e-newsletter + Press Releases + Photo Archive + Voices of Peaceful Tomorrows * Speaker’s Bureau + Overview + How to Organize an Event + Speaker Request Form * Resources + Books and DVDs + Resources for Educators + Resources for The Press + Online Forums * Campaigns * Contact Us + Address/Map + Join Us + Donate + Support Us Search this site..._ Go History The vision for September 11th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows was born when a small group of family members of those killed on 9/11 became connected after reading each others’ pleas for nonviolent and reasoned responses to the terrorist attacks. Several of these individuals met one another when they participated in the “Walk for Healing and Peace” from Washington, D.C. to New York City in late 2001 organized by Kathy Kelly of Voices in the Wilderness (now Voices for Creative Nonviolence). In January, 2002 four family members traveled to Afghanistan in a delegation organized by Medea Benjamin of Global Exchange to witness the consequences of U.S. military action there and to express their profound concern that high numbers of civilian casualties would increase terrorist recruitment rather than making the U.S. or the world safer. This core group decided to unite in order to strengthen their message and voices. Peaceful Tomorrows was launched as a project of the Fellowship of Reconciliation – USA in February 2002. Our name comes from a statement made by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., “Wars are poor chisels for carving out peaceful tomorrows.” Dozens more family members joined in the following months. What these founding members shared was a belief that the violence that took their loved ones’ lives could spin out of control, and fear could be manipulated by politicians and the media to justify foreign and domestic policies that would increase violence while decreasing U.S. citizens’ rights and liberties over the years to come. Everytime you ask ask where buy clomid online, we reply only: in our online drugstore Calendar of Events Dec 2013 View all » M T W T F S S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 THE TIME IS NOW: Connecting for Peace, Justice and Change. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Partner Initiatives advertisement advertisement About Us Membership Press Room Speaker's Bureau Campaigns Contact Us • History • Mission & Goals • Awards & Recognition • Governing Documents • Our Founding • Our Steering Committee • Program Partners • Stories that Shaped the Past • Map • Timeline • Membership Application • Member Stories - Overview - Article - Video • Press Releases • News • e-newsletter • Media Coverage • Voices • Photo Archive • Overview • How to Organize an Event • Speaker Request Form • 9/11 10th Anniversary • Rule of Law • Afghanistan • Gitmo/Military Commissions • Immigration & Civil Liberties • Int'l Network for Peace • Iraq • Islamophobia • Member Projects • Address/Map • Join Us • Donate • Support Us Peaceful Tomorrows receives no money from 9/11 charities or disbursements. We depend entirely on individual and foundation grants to continue our work. More... Editorial Policy: This website contains information related to the mission and goals of Peaceful Tomorrows and is intended for educational, non-commercial use. We highlight the projects undertaken by our organization, print essays and speeches made by 9/11 family members of our group, and post photo galleries which reflect the activities of our members around the world. September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows is a project of Tides Center. Facebook Twitter YouTube § #9/11 Families for Peaceful Tomorrows RSS Feed 9/11 Families for Peaceful Tomorrows Atom Feed Sample Page Contact Us * Login * Become a fan * Follow us * Follow us September Eleven Families for Peaceful Tomorrows * Home * About Us + History + Mission & Goals + Awards & Recognitions + Governing Documents + Our Founding + Our Steering Committee + Program Partners + Stories that Shaped the Past + Map + Timeline * Membership + Membership Registration Form + Members o Stories + Member Projects * Press Room + Media Coverage + News + e-newsletter + Press Releases + Photo Archive + Voices of Peaceful Tomorrows * Speaker’s Bureau + Overview + How to Organize an Event + Speaker Request Form * Resources + Books and DVDs + Resources for Educators + Resources for The Press + Online Forums * Campaigns * Contact Us + Address/Map + Join Us + Donate + Support Us Search this site..._ Go About US Our Mission Peaceful Tomorrows is an organization founded by family members of those killed on September 11th who have united to turn our grief into action for peace. By developing and advocating nonviolent options and actions in the pursuit of justice, we hope to break the cycles of violence engendered by war and terrorism. Acknowledging our common experience with all people affected by violence throughout the world, we work to create a safer and more peaceful world for everyone. Our Goals 1. To promote dialogue on alternatives to war, while educating and raising the consciousness of the public on issues of war, peace, and the underlying causes of terrorism. 2. To support and offer fellowship to others seeking non-violent responses to all forms of terrorism, both individual and institutional. 3. To call attention to threats to civil liberties, human rights, and other freedoms in the U.S. as a consequence of war. 4. To acknowledge our fellowship with all people affected by violence and war, recognizing that the resulting deaths are overwhelmingly civilian. 5. To encourage a multilateral, collaborative effort to bring those responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks to justice in accordance with the principles of international law. 6. To promote U.S. foreign policy that places a priority on internationally-recognized principles of human rights, democracy and self-rule. 7. To demand ongoing investigations into the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 attacks that took the lives of our loved ones, including exhaustive examinations of U.S. foreign policies and national security failures. Join Us If you are a 9-11 family member, survivor or friend of a 9-11 victim who would like to join Peaceful Tomorrows please visit the Join Us Page for more information. Calendar of Events Dec 2013 View all » M T W T F S S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 THE TIME IS NOW: Connecting for Peace, Justice and Change. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Partner Initiatives advertisement advertisement About Us Membership Press Room Speaker's Bureau Campaigns Contact Us • History • Mission & Goals • Awards & Recognition • Governing Documents • Our Founding • Our Steering Committee • Program Partners • Stories that Shaped the Past • Map • Timeline • Membership Application • Member Stories - Overview - Article - Video • Press Releases • News • e-newsletter • Media Coverage • Voices • Photo Archive • Overview • How to Organize an Event • Speaker Request Form • 9/11 10th Anniversary • Rule of Law • Afghanistan • Gitmo/Military Commissions • Immigration & Civil Liberties • Int'l Network for Peace • Iraq • Islamophobia • Member Projects • Address/Map • Join Us • Donate • Support Us Peaceful Tomorrows receives no money from 9/11 charities or disbursements. We depend entirely on individual and foundation grants to continue our work. More... Editorial Policy: This website contains information related to the mission and goals of Peaceful Tomorrows and is intended for educational, non-commercial use. We highlight the projects undertaken by our organization, print essays and speeches made by 9/11 family members of our group, and post photo galleries which reflect the activities of our members around the world. September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows is a project of Tides Center. Facebook Twitter YouTube § #RSS Feed for Al-Qaeda articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Friday 27 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home» 2. News» 3. World News» 4. Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda chief calls for attacks on US in 9/11 speech to followers The leader of Al-Qaeda has called on Muslims to wage attacks inside the United States, to wreak instability that will “bleed America economically”. Ayman al-Zawahiri speaking during an interview Ayman al-Zawahiri speaking during an interview Photo: AFP/GETTY By Ruth Sherlock, Beirut 11:03AM BST 13 Sep 2013 In an audio message released on Friday, two days after the anniversary of September 11th, Ayman al-Zawahiri said America was not a “mythic power” and that it could be defeated even through small-scale strikes by “one brother or a few of the brothers”. “We should bleed America economically by provoking it to continue in its massive expenditure on its security, for the weak point of America is its economy, which has already begun to stagger due to the military and security expenditure,” he said, according to SITE, a jihadist monitoring group. “America is not a mythic power and the Americans, after all, are humans who can be defeated, felled and punished.” Zawahiri urged the Islamic world to “abandon the dollar and replace it with a currency of other countries that are not taking part in the aggression against us”. He also said that Muslims should refuse to buy goods from America and its allies, as such spending only helped to fund US military action in Muslim lands. As well as mounting small, “disparate” assaults, Zawahiri urged fellow members of his extremist group to “watch and wait” and seize any opportunity to conduct a large strike against the US, similar to the 9/11 attack that killed almost 3000 people. His speech picked up on the belief held by former Al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden that targeting economic institutions can destroy the United States. Related Articles * Taliban attack US consulate in Afghanistan 13 Sep 2013 * British Islamist acquitted of robbery in Kenya 13 Sep 2013 * 'Our hearts still ache': Obama leads September 11 tributes 11 Sep 2013 * Al-Qaeda fights back against drones 04 Sep 2013 * US intelligence agencies 'targeted for infiltration by Al-Qaeda' 02 Sep 2013 * Bin Laden raid 'guided by space satellites' 30 Aug 2013 Bin Laden said in a speech, shortly after plotting 9/11, the worst attack on American soil, that he believed the country was “built on an unstable foundation” and were the economy hit the superpower would “stumble” and “wither away”. Al-Qaeda * News » * World News » * Yemen » * USA » * Josie Ensor » In Al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden 'ordered al-Qaeda to kill Barack Obama and David Petraeus' Barack Obama 'hoped to put bin Laden on trial' Deadly fires have swept through forest land in EU countries such as Portugal and Spain. Al-Qaeda blamed for Europe-wide forest fires US 'begins drawing up targets in response to Benghazi attack' US 'draws up targets in response to Sept 11 attack' US 'to deploy drones to launch air strikes against al-Qaeda in Mali' US 'to deploy drones to launch air strikes against al-Qaeda in Mali' 9/11: How Osama bin Laden caused our banking meltdown and financial crisis Osama bin Laden 'was blind in one eye' Advertisement Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK Subscriptions 3 months for £1 Get 3 months subscription for just £1 View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Save up to 70% on luxury hotels and holidays View Telegraph Books Get the Matt 2014 calendar View Property Club Row of houses Sign up to the Telegraph Property Club fortnightly email View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Friday 27 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home» 2. News» 3. World News» 4. September 11 Attacks 9/11 anniversary: Barack Obama leads tributes 12 years on Barack Obama led the tributes to victims of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, as families gathered in New York and Washington to pay their respects. Chris Irvine By Chris Irvine, agencies 3:33PM BST 11 Sep 2013 Follow Comments Comments At a ceremony near Wall Street in New York, people paused at 1246 GMT to mark the time when the first of two hijacked planes struck the World Trade Center. The twin towers later collapsed. Nearly 3,000 people were killed in the attacks that led to a long war in Afghanistan. ^President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at the memorial service on the South Lawn of the White House. (EPA) President Obama marked a moment of silence at the White House and was attending a ceremony in Washington at the Pentagon, which was struck by another hijacked plane. Earlier, the President laid a wreath at the Pentagon, speaking at a private observance for family members of the 184 people who died there. Related Articles * Al-Qaeda chief calls for attacks on US in 9/11 speech to followers 13 Sep 2013 * 9/11 widower returns to World Trade Center 11 Sep 2013 * 9/11 anniversary: US heightens security in wake of last year's Benghazi attacks 11 Sep 2013 * 9/11 anniversary: golf course apologises for $9.11 offer 11 Sep 2013 ^President Obama lays a wreath at the Pentagon. (AP) "We pray for the memory of all those taken from us - nearly 3,000 innocent souls," Mr Obama said. "Our hearts still ache for the futures snatched away, the lives that might have been," he said. "They left this Earth. They slipped from our grasp." Quoting the Bible, Obama spoke of "the miracle of restoration," paying tribute to the resilient spirit of victims' families, saying he was "amazed at the will that you've summoned in your lives to lift yourselves up and to carry on." IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/graphics/html/TwitterEmbed/Version1/web15838.h tml Twitter: Barack Obama - "Today, we can honor those we lost by building a nation worthy of their memories." —President Obama on #PatriotDay "No matter how many years pass, this time comes around each year – and it's always the same," said Karen Hinson, who lost her 34-year-old brother, Michael Wittenstein, in New York. His body was never found. Continuing a decision made last year, no politicians will make speeches. Around the world, thousands of volunteers have pledged to do good deeds, honouring an anniversary that was designated a National Day of Service and Remembrance in 2009. ^A flower is laid on the 9/11 Memorial in New York City. (AFP) Meanwhile in Benghazi, Libya, a car bomb exploded outside a building that once house the US consulate, the site of an attack on September 11 last year. The blast seriously damaged the foreign ministry building but left no casualties. Last year's attack resulted in the death of America's ambassador to Libya and three other Americans. September 11 Attacks * News » * World News » * North America » * USA » * Chris Irvine » In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement How we moderate Our new look telegraphuk Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. blog comments powered by Disqus Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK Subscriptions 3 months for £1 Get 3 months subscription for just £1 View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Save up to 70% on luxury hotels and holidays View Telegraph Books Get the Matt 2014 calendar View Property Club Row of houses Sign up to the Telegraph Property Club fortnightly email View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Friday 27 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home» 2. News» 3. World News» 4. September 11 Attacks 9/11 anniversary: golf course apologises for $9.11 offer A golf course has apologised for advertising nine holes of golf for $9.11 to mark the anniversary of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. A golf course has apologised for advertising nine holes of golf for $9.11 to mark the anniversary of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The cut-out-and-keep coupon for Tumbledown Trails Golf Course's $9.11 special offer By Associated Press 9:00AM BST 11 Sep 2013 Comments Comments Tumbledown Trails Golf Course in Wisconsin advertised the special offer on Monday saying it was meant to commemorate the 12th anniversary of the attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people. News of the special spread on social media, and the golf course's Facebook page was overrun with negative comments. Club owner and general manager Marc Watts said that no disrespect was intended. "We're a little hurt by the fact that people are putting such a negative context on this," Mr Watts said. "I thought people would appreciate it." The promotion began two years ago, on the 10th anniversary, and until now was warmly received as a way to ensure people never forget the tragedy, Watts said. Related Articles * 9/11 anniversary: US heightens security in wake of last year's Benghazi attacks 11 Sep 2013 * Barack Obama marks 12th anniversary of 9/11 11 Sep 2013 * 'Our hearts still ache': Obama leads September 11 tributes 11 Sep 2013 * Mayor offers Olympic Park home to 9/11 memorial 09 Sep 2013 * 9/11 memorial 'rusting in farmyard in insult to victims' 09 Sep 2013 * We can’t pretend the world didn’t change after September 11 07 Sep 2013 This is not the first time that promotions tied to the anniversary have drawn criticism. Last year, an Idaho resort offered hotel rooms for $91.11 and a food voucher for $9.11 as a "Thank you to our heroes." Two years ago, New York Sports Club offered September 11 first-responders cheap memberships, drawing outrage from some who called it a shameless use of a national tragedy to make money. Edited by Chris Irvine September 11 Attacks * News » * World News » * North America » * USA » In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement How we moderate Our new look telegraphuk Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. blog comments powered by Disqus Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK Subscriptions 3 months for £1 Get 3 months subscription for just £1 View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Save up to 70% on luxury hotels and holidays View Telegraph Books Get the Matt 2014 calendar View Property Club Row of houses Sign up to the Telegraph Property Club fortnightly email View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Friday 27 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home» 2. News» 3. World News» 4. September 11 Attacks 9/11 anniversary: US heightens security in wake of last year's Benghazi attacks The US has heightened security at its facilities today, the anniversary of the September 11, 2001, as well as the deaths of four government employees in Benghazi last year. The US has heightened security at its facilities today, the anniversary of the September 11, 2001, as well as the deaths of four government employees in Benghazi last year. The US has heightened security at its facilities, the anniversary of the September 11, 2001, as well as the deaths of four government employees in Benghazi last year Photo: AFP/Getty Images By Reuters 8:49AM BST 11 Sep 2013 Comments Comments President Barack Obama's counterterrorism aide Lisa Monaco has been in charge of reviewing security measures in place for the anniversary, the White House said. "The president's national security team is taking measures to prevent 9/11 related attacks and to ensure the protection of US persons and facilities abroad," the White House said in a statement. Four Americans including the US ambassador to Libya were killed in an attack on a compound in Benghazi a year ago. The administration initially said the assault grew out of anti-Western protests. Later, however, it turned out that Islamist extremists launched the attack on the September 11 anniversary. The administration was forced for months to defend its handling of the events at Benghazi, with critics charging officials deliberately played down the nature of the attack to protect the president's re-election bid. The White House said its first reports were based on incomplete information. Related Articles * 'Our hearts still ache': Obama leads September 11 tributes 11 Sep 2013 * Barack Obama marks 12th anniversary of 9/11 11 Sep 2013 * 9/11 anniversary: golf course apologises for $9.11 offer 11 Sep 2013 * Mayor offers Olympic Park home to 9/11 memorial 09 Sep 2013 * 9/11 memorial 'rusting in farmyard in insult to victims' 09 Sep 2013 * We can’t pretend the world didn’t change after September 11 07 Sep 2013 "The events of last year, losing four brave Americans - Chris Stevens, Sean Smith, Glen Doherty and Tyrone Woods - brought home the reality of the challenges we face in the world," the White House said. On Wednesday, a foreign ministry building in Benghazi was hit by a powerful blast. It was not immediately known if the blast resulted in casualties. In New York meanwhile, relatives of those killed will attend a service at the two-year-old memorial plaza where they will read the names of the nearly 3,000 people who died when hijacked planes crashed into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Readers will also recite victims' names from the 1993 trade center bombing. At the Flight 93 National Memorial in Shanksville, where Wednesday's ceremony will include bell-ringing and wreath-laying, officials gathered Tuesday to mark the start of construction on a visitor center. The Pentagon plans a Wednesday morning ceremony for victims' relatives and survivors of the attacks, with wreath-laying and remarks from Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel and other officials, and an afternoon observance for Pentagon workers. Edited by Chris Irvine September 11 Attacks * News » * World News » * North America » * USA » In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement How we moderate Our new look telegraphuk Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. blog comments powered by Disqus Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK Subscriptions 3 months for £1 Get 3 months subscription for just £1 View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Save up to 70% on luxury hotels and holidays View Telegraph Books Get the Matt 2014 calendar View Property Club Row of houses Sign up to the Telegraph Property Club fortnightly email View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Friday 27 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home» 2. News» 3. World News» 4. September 11 Attacks Boris Johnson offers Olympic Park home to 9/11 memorial Boris Johnson vows to place a 9/11 memorial in the Olympic Park after it was claimed it was rusting in a farmyard in an "insult" to victims. 9/11 memorial 'rusting in farmyard in insult to victims' The piece, entitled After 9/11, has been only been shown in the UK for 28 days since it was unveiled in 2011, despite it being gifted on the provision it remain on permanent display. Photo: ALAMY/AP By Hayley Dixon 11:43AM BST 09 Sep 2013 Follow Days before the anniversary of the terrorist attack the news broke that a home could not be found for the sculpture because it had been refused by bureaucrats and London councils. Mr Johnson, who is also chairman of the London Legacy Development Corporation, described the situation as “ridiculous" and has asked his team to find a home for it at the Olympic Park. The piece, entitled After 9/11, is made from a Ground Zero girder and was gifted from the US as a public reminder of the 2001 atrocity which killed 2,977 people, including 67 Britons. It was on display in Briton for 28 days after it was unveiled by Mr Johnson in 2011, but has since been left to go to waste in a Cambridgeshire farmyard after a number of officials across London barred the permanent display. Mr Johnson said today: “We backed the 9/11 project when the sculpture first came to Battersea but finding a permanent home for it has proved incredibly difficult, whether it be opposition from Boroughs or bureaucrats. Related Articles * 9/11 anniversary: US heightens security in wake of last year's Benghazi attacks 11 Sep 2013 * 9/11 anniversary: golf course apologises for $9.11 offer 11 Sep 2013 * Barack Obama marks 12th anniversary of 9/11 11 Sep 2013 * We can’t pretend the world didn’t change after September 11 07 Sep 2013 * Rebuilding the World Trade Center 02 Sep 2013 * The 9/11 conspiracy theorist who changed his mind 29 May 2013 “Clearly this can’t continue. As a result I've asked my team to find a permanent home for the sculpture on the Olympic Park. The Park was home to a Games based on tolerance, harmony and respect, and will soon be home to a massive multi-dimensional and vibrant community - the perfect riposte to those who sought to divide the world on 9/11." It was originally gifted on the understanding it remain on permanent display, and one campaigner described the two year delay in finding it a home a “national embarrassment”, adding: “It's also an insult to New York and all those who died.” A New York judge had to sign off a special agreement releasing the metal, which could still be used as court evidence in any case relating to the September 11 al-Qaeda attack. London was the only capital to be gifted a piece of the steel recovered from the site. Since it was taken down from its temporary home in Battersea Park every council in London has either refused to house the 28ft high sculpture, the Sun reported, or ignored requests to discuss a site. Lord West, the former First Sea Lord who is closely involved with the 9/11 London Project which organised the sculpture, said: “It is a disgrace. “It is really very sad because the main thrust is that this is an educational charity. This was meant as an iconic piece of art which is a focus for our youngsters so that they do not forget 9/11. The current situation is outrageous.” He welcomed Mr Johnson’s offer, although added that personally he would prefer to see the piece in the city as it was mostly city workers who were killed in the attack. The artwork by American artist Miya Ando was originally due to be housed in Potters Fields Park next to City Hall, but the management trust that leases the land is said to have voted against a permanent display. Since then other attempts to house it in London have failed, with sources claiming that lack of suitable sites, local objections, and calls for a memorial which include victims in other conflicts have been cited as justification for refusal. It was being stored underneath a blue tarpaulin at a farm in Cambridgeshire, but has now been moved to a storage depot in Ruislip, north west London. Victim’s families, including Patricia Bingley, 78, whose son Kevin, 43, died in the attack, joined calls for it to be given a prominent home as a reminder of the events for generations to come. The campaign was backed by the former Archbishop of Canterbury George Carey, who insisted it should be an “ever-present reminder of the evils of intolerance and bad religion”, and historian Simon Schama. September 11 Attacks * News » * North America » * UK News » * Hayley Dixon » In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK Subscriptions 3 months for £1 Get 3 months subscription for just £1 View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Save up to 70% on luxury hotels and holidays View Telegraph Books Get the Matt 2014 calendar View Property Club Row of houses Sign up to the Telegraph Property Club fortnightly email View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for Syria articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Friday 27 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia * Iran * Iraq * Israel * Palestinian Authority * Syria * Jordan * Saudi Arabia * Bahrain * Dubai * Yemen * Egypt * Libya 1. Home» 2. News» 3. World News» 4. Middle East» 5. Syria We can’t pretend the world didn’t change after September 11 Our political class is ignoring the great question of the post-9/11 globe: how to ensure the regions that spawned Islamic terror are stable and denied WMD David Cameron at the G20 gathering. It was clearly going to entrench global divisions over Syria, as President Putin had doubtless hoped it would David Cameron at the G20 gathering. It was clearly going to entrench global divisions over Syria, as President Putin had doubtless hoped it would Photo: GETTY Matthew d'Ancona By Matthew d'Ancona 4:35PM BST 07 Sep 2013 Comments Comments After Britain was reportedly dismissed as a “small island” by a Russian official last week, David Cameron took the steering wheel and sped off to compose his response. For security reasons, prime ministers are not normally supposed to drive. But at the G20 summit in St Petersburg, there were electric cars to ferry the participants from one location to another. Cameron decided to commandeer one such buggy, and give his officials, Craig Oliver, Liz Sugg and Helen Bower, a lift to the press conference. Occasionally hair-raising as Cameron-Cabs turned out to be, the team was calm enough to help the driver draw up his inventory of British accomplishments, which the PM duly rattled off to the media when they arrived – ending, correctly, with a quip: “If I start talking about this 'blessed plot, this sceptred isle, this England’, I might have to put it to music, so I think I’ll leave it there.” His mini-speech is indeed going viral, with a variety of added soundtracks. This is modern political rhetoric in action. Much less snappy was the 25-minute anti-war speech that President Kirchner of Argentina delivered over dinner, provoking Angela Merkel and Cameron to roll their eyes at one another. In the end, the British Prime Minister removed his translation earpiece – poor summit etiquette, no doubt, but understandable in the circumstances. Cameron and President Obama had an informal chat before dinner at the hotel and compared notes. This G20 gathering was clearly going to entrench global divisions over Syria, as President Putin had doubtless hoped it would. The eyes of the world now turn to Congress, where Obama will seek the backing that eluded Cameron. On Tuesday, meanwhile, Ed Miliband will try to salvage what he can from the wreckage of the Falkirk selection fiasco as he addresses the TUC in Bournemouth. The political class is about to turn inward for the party conference season and away from the seemingly intractable dilemmas of the Middle East. It is one of mankind’s oldest reflexes, chillingly recorded in Robert Frost’s description in “Out, Out––” of the onlookers who see the boy killed by the buzz saw: “And they, since they / Were not the one dead, turned to their affairs.” Little noticed so far, Wednesday marks the 12th anniversary of 9/11. On that sense-shattering day in 2001, it seemed that nothing would ever be the same again, that we would never get over it. The destruction of the Twin Towers forced us to confront a geopolitical landscape shaped by interconnected terror groups, rogue states, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Yet we underrated our collective capacity to forget, to resume bad habits, to park, postpone and otherwise ignore new and difficult questions. The process of selective amnesia was encouraged by the terrible errors made in the first fumbling years after the attacks: the misuse of intelligence, the lamentable failure to plan Iraq’s future after Saddam, the shame of Abu Ghraib, the insult to language that was “enhanced interrogation”, the horrors of “extraordinary rendition”. All these failures, shameful in themselves, were the mark of a strategy in its infancy, of people in authority not knowing quite what to do, how to do it or where the limits lay. The errors that were made in the years after 9/11 mapped perfectly on to a growing popular trend – what Alastair Campbell famously called “this huge stuff about trust” – and the growing contempt for hierarchy given technological teeth by the digital revolution. The spotlight turned decisively back on to home terrain. Related Articles * 9/11 anniversary: golf course apologises for $9.11 offer 11 Sep 2013 * 9/11 anniversary: US heightens security in wake of last year's Benghazi attacks 11 Sep 2013 * Mayor offers Olympic Park home to 9/11 memorial 09 Sep 2013 * 9/11 memorial 'rusting in farmyard in insult to victims' 09 Sep 2013 * Obama urges Congress not to turn 'a blind eye' to Syria 07 Sep 2013 * Syria dominates agenda as Barack Obama returns to Washington 07 Sep 2013 The financial crash assisted the process of forgetting. Suddenly, the main global task was not to “drain the swamp” of terrorists, and to deal – cack-handedly, in Iraq – with regimes that had used, acquired or wanted to acquire WMD, but to ensure that the financial system did not collapse. Suddenly, there was a powerful fiscal imperative averting the West’s focus from the new global landscape on to which 9/11 blasted a fiery light. That landscape was, in any case, changing all the time: witness the wave of uprisings known collectively as the “Arab Spring” – an astonishing release of human energy, the full and complex implications of which are only gradually revealing themselves. These revolutions posed a question that the more ideologically hidebound neo-conservatives had never convincingly answered. What if it is true that democracy is indeed the natural political arrangement for human beings, rather than a Western cultural peculiarity, but the newly liberated nations elect jihadi parties that have more in common with Osama bin Laden than Barack Hussein Obama? What happens when theocrats win elections? The conundrum is posed not only by the Muslim Brotherhood. Think, too, of Hizbollah’s banners with the mushroom cloud, and of the overwhelming public support in Iran for the regime’s nuclear ambitions. These are nightmarish quandaries that cannot be wished away. The trouble is that you cannot have globalisation à la carte. That is the true lesson of 9/11. Many Conservatives believe that the world is simply a big marketplace and that the only international issues that matter are those connected to trade barriers, the flow of capital and the correct limits upon labour mobility. But the collapse of the Twin Towers – and, after that, Bali (2002 and 2005), Madrid, London, Glasgow, Mumbai, and many other horrors – showed that the pathologies of a globalised world respect no borders and no limits. Even if you ignore the Islamist fanatics, they will attack you; especially if you do, in fact – the 9/11 attacks reflected al-Qaeda’s perception that the West had grown sluggish and weak. The great question of the post-9/11 age is: how do we – and indeed can we – ensure that the new polities in the regions that have spawned Islamist terror are stable, democratic and denied WMD? This is why Syria is more than an opportunity to make amends for Iraq, or a dress rehearsal for Iran. It is supremely important in and of itself. Whether we like it or not, the process will be messy, protracted and complex. At present, our inaction is making the problem worse. By taking so long to respond to the Ghouta chemical-weapons atrocity of August 21, we are signalling to Assad and his counterparts that bureaucracy dressed up as democracy remains the West’s most resilient cultural feature. By failing to arm the moderates – though William Hague certainly tried – we run the risk that extremist groups such as Jabhat al-Nusra, which is officially affiliated with al-Qaeda, will be the ultimate beneficiaries of the civil war in Syria, whatever the West does. Israeli intercepts of secret Hamas documents show that such groups think in time frames of 50 to 100 years, measuring their objectives in generations. Our mayfly culture prefers its history in 140 characters. But that is self-deception, the parent of self-harm. The Syrian crisis is a reminder of the complexity of the world laid bare on that cruel Manhattan morning 12 years ago. We are trying to fight the battles of the 21st century with the structures, ideas and methods of the 20th. On Wednesday, the best way of honouring the dead will be to accept afresh that the long haul has only just begun. Syria * World News » * Middle East » * Comment » * Columnists » * Matthew d'Ancona » In Syria Molhem Barakat died on 20 December 2013 as he took photographs of a battle between rebels and forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad over Kindi Hospital, Aleppo. The photos of Molhem Barakat An FSA rebel fires on Assad troops on the front line in Aleppo. Will Wintercross in Syria Pictures from the Zaatari Refugee camp by Telegraph photographer Will Wintercross Zaatari Refugee camp Syria Q & A: objectives, targets and what happens next Syria Q & A: objectives, targets and what happens next Members of the free Syrian Army preparing their weapons, in the neighborhood of al-Amerieh in Aleppo, Syria Syrian crisis explained: Q&A Advertisement How we moderate Our new look telegraphuk Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. blog comments powered by Disqus Middle East news » Israel news Iran news Iraq news Dubai news Egypt news Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html News Most Viewed * TODAY * PAST WEEK * PAST MONTH 1. Biblical films' Hollywood comeback 2. Danish pastries threatened by EU ban 3. Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry go head-to-head on football field 4. Figures show Miliband spending 5. 'Overzealous’ Church vets 58,000 workers in a year 1. Kim Jong-un 'very drunk' when ordered executions 2. BA plane hits building at Johannesburg airport 3. Patient receives artificial heart 4. Biblical films' Hollywood comeback 5. The BBC putting Anjem Choudary on the Today programme isn't 'free speech'. It's trolling 1. Child taken from womb by social services 2. Mystery 'alien creature' seen in Bristol harbour 3. Women behind the throne in an 'empire of horror' 4. Nelson Mandela memorial interpreter 'was a fake' 5. Police woman killed herself after sending text to husband instead of lover by mistake Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK Subscriptions 3 months for £1 Get 3 months subscription for just £1 View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Save up to 70% on luxury hotels and holidays View Telegraph Books Get the Matt 2014 calendar View Property Club Row of houses Sign up to the Telegraph Property Club fortnightly email View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Friday 27 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home» 2. News» 3. World News» 4. September 11 Attacks September 11 defendants 'had emails hacked' Lawyers for the five men accused of plotting the September 11 attacks asked a judge Thursday to delay an upcoming hearing after learning that emails with their clients had been monitored. The files detail the background to the capture of each of the 780 people who have passed through the Guantanamo facility in Cuba - WikiLeaks: Guantanamo Bay terrorist secrets reveled The files detail the background to the capture of each of the 780 people who have passed through the Guantanamo facility in Cuba Photo: GETTY IMAGES By Agence France-Presse 10:52PM BST 11 Apr 2013 The surveillance was only the latest instance of compromised confidentiality at Guantanamo Bay, following revelations earlier this year that secret censors could block a public feed of court proceedings and that listening devices masked as smoke detectors were hidden in meeting rooms. The next preliminary hearing for the September 11 defendants had been set to take place on April 22 at the US military base at Guantanamo. James Connell, a lawyer for Pakistan's Ali Abd al-Aziz Ali, said he had filed an emergency motion to the military judge presiding over the case "to pause proceedings in the 9/11 trial after revelations that defense email communications and computer files have been compromised." Related Articles * Office charged with shutting Guantanamo Bay closes 29 Jan 2013 * Guantanamo hunger strikers prompt Red Cross delegation 27 Mar 2013 * Did Murdoch confuse Guantanamo and Guatemala? 06 Feb 2013 "This new disclosure is simply the latest in a series of revelations of courtroom monitoring, hidden surveillance devices and legal bin searches," he added. Military commissions Judge Colonel James Pohl has delayed for the same reasons a hearing for Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri of Saudi Arabia until mid-June. The hearing for the man accused of masterminding the 2000 bombing of the USS Cole had originally been set to begin Monday. In response to the claims, the military's chief defense counsel, Colonel Karen Mayberry, ordered all attorneys representing detainees before the court to stop using their computers for confidential email and court documents. The email surveillance "follows on the heels of the seizure of over 500,000 emails containing attorney-client privileged communications, as well as the loss of significant amount of defense work product contained in shared folders," said Commander Walter Ruiz, a lawyer for Saudi defendant Mustafa al-Hawsawi. The order to stop using servers and emails, "essentially cripples our ability to operate," he said. Nashiri and the five men accused of plotting 9/11 face the death penalty. During the last 9/11 hearing, it was revealed that all conversations, including those whispered, between the accused and their lawyers could be heard by government monitors, whether they took place in the courtroom or in offices where they meet behind closed doors. September 11 Attacks * News » * World News » * North America » * USA » * US Politics » In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK Subscriptions 3 months for £1 Get 3 months subscription for just £1 View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Save up to 70% on luxury hotels and holidays View Telegraph Books Get the Matt 2014 calendar View Property Club Row of houses Sign up to the Telegraph Property Club fortnightly email View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Friday 27 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home» 2. News» 3. World News» 4. September 11 Attacks 9/11 anniversary: Barack Obama says nothing can break the will of the US President Barack Obama has said the post-September 11 decade had proven that despite divisions, wars and recession, nothing could shatter the will of America if it remained united. Link to this video 6:30AM BST 12 Sep 2011 Wrapping up a day of solemn 10th anniversary commemorations in New York, Pennsylvania and Washington, Mr Obama said that his nation's response to the world's worst terror attack exactly 10 years ago had shown its ideals were "timeless" and its resilience unquestioned. The president said generations to come would visit memorials to the dead of September 11, 2001 and subsequent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. "They will know that nothing can break the will of a truly United States of America," Mr Obama said, stressing the word united, and cast the fight against terrorism as victory alongside some of his nation's greatest achievements. "They will remember that we have overcome slavery and Civil War, we have overcome bread lines and fascism, and recession and riots, communism and, yes, terrorism," he said at an tribute event at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. "They will be reminded that we are not perfect, but our democracy is durable, and that democracy - reflecting, as it does, the imperfections of man - also gives us the opportunity to perfect our union." Related Articles * 9/11 anniversary: son’s bond with a father he never met 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11 anniversary: honouring the brave who fought back 11 Sep 2011 * Pentagon memorial: this is a place of 'tears and wrath’ 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11: Presidents lead Ground Zero memorial 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11 anniversary: I share your pain, Prince of Wales tells families of UK dead 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11: a lasting legacy for the Ground Zero victims 11 Sep 2011 Mr Obama said that much had changed since Al-Qaeda's attacks on New York and Washington, which killed nearly 3,000 people and sparked passionate debates and political divides. "On September 12, 2001, we awoke to a world in which evil was closer at hand, and uncertainty clouded our future," he said. "In the decade since, much has changed for Americans. We've known war and recession, passionate debates and political divides. "We can never get back the lives we lost on that day, or the Americans who made the ultimate sacrifice in the wars that followed." "Yet today, it is worth remembering what has not changed. Our character as a nation has not changed. "Our belief in America, born of a timeless ideal that men and women should govern themselves, that all people are created equal ... that belief, through test and trials, has only been strengthened." "These past 10 years have shown that America does not give in to fear." Mr Obama also paid tribute to his predecessor George W. Bush, with whom he had deep political disagreements. "We have not succumbed to suspicion and mistrust. After 9/11, President Bush, to his great credit, made clear what we reaffirm today: the United States will never wage war against Islam or any religion. Throughout the September 11 commemorations, there has been a sense that Mr Obama is trying to move his nation on from the fierce recriminations over the war in Iraq - which he opposed - and anger sparked by the 'war on terror.' The president appeared to be mustering another great national effort, to overcome the worst economic crunch in decades, at the same time as he pushes a $447 jobs bill and seeks a second term in office. His call for patriotism and national purpose will likely be heard often in the run up to the 2012 election, as the president seeks a narrative that will convince voters to send him back to the White House despite tough times. September 11 Attacks * News » * World News » * Barack Obama » In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK Subscriptions 3 months for £1 Get 3 months subscription for just £1 View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Save up to 70% on luxury hotels and holidays View Telegraph Books Get the Matt 2014 calendar View Property Club Row of houses Sign up to the Telegraph Property Club fortnightly email View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Friday 27 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home» 2. News» 3. World News» 4. September 11 Attacks September 11: America marks 10th anniversary of 9/11 America is preparing to mark the 10th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, with events taking place across the globe to remember the worst attack on US soil in history. September 11: memorials begin with US on high alert Image 1 of 5 New York and Washington are on high alert of a terror attack on the 10th anniversary of 9/11 Photo: AP Photo/Aurora, Robert Clark Former President George W. Bush and former first lady Laura Bush, along with former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and his wife Joyce Rumsfeld, pause for a moment of silence after laying a wreath at the Pentagon in Washington in commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks Image 1 of 5 Former President George W. Bush and former first lady Laura Bush, along with former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and his wife Joyce Rumsfeld, pause for a moment of silence after laying a wreath at the Pentagon in Washington in commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks Photo: AP US President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama (L) visit with a family at a gravesite in section 60 at Arlington National Cemetery on September 10, 2011. Section 60 contains service members killed in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Image 1 of 5 US President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama (L) visit with a family at a gravesite in section 60 at Arlington National Cemetery on September 10, 2011. Section 60 contains service members killed in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Photo: GETTY IMAGES Americans hold hands in Manhattan's Battery Park Image 1 of 5 Americans hold hands in Manhattan's Battery Park to mark the 10th anniversary of 9/11 Photo: JANE MINGAY Image 1 of 5 The Tribute in Light rises above Manhattan during preparations for Sunday’s anniversary of the 9/11 attacks. (GETTY) Philip Sherwell By Philip Sherwell, in New York, and Andy Bloxham in London 9:05AM BST 11 Sep 2011 Follow Thousands will gather at ceremonies at the site of the destroyed World Trade Center towers, at the Pentagon, and in a field in Pennslyvania where the fourth hijacked plane crashed. President Barack Obama and former president George Bush, who was leading the country at the time, will lead the remembrances for the 2,977 people who died. New York's 650lb Bell of Hope, which hangs near Ground Zero in St Paul's Chapel, the rest centre for 9/11 rescue workers, will sound at 8.46am New York time, the moment of the first impact. The two presidents will join victims' families to hear the reading of the names of those who died as bells toll across the city and President Obama will also visit the other two sites. The remembrance takes place in the shadow of the "credible" threat of a terror attack on the mainland US as other ceremonies begin to take place around the globe. Related Articles * September 11 firefighter: 'my guilt' 05 Sep 2011 * Voices from the doomed planes 10 Sep 2011 * 9/11: 'America will never waver' 10 Sep 2011 * 9/11: Rare footage of South Tower collapse 10 Sep 2011 * The day we can never forget 11 Sep 2011 * Identifying missing victims 10 years on 11 Sep 2011 In the UK, dignitaries and families of those who died will attend the September 11 memorial garden next to the American Embassy in Grosvenor Square, London. A service will be held at St Paul's Cathedral this morning and at Westminster Abbey this evening. Some families of British 9/11 victims attended an early morning service of "remembrance and reconciliation" in the Grosvenor Chapel in central London, which is known as the "American Church" after it became a place of worship for US soldiers in the Second World War. Courtney Cowart, a survivor who was nearly buried alive when the north tower of the World Trade Center collapsed on top of her, described her fears when she returned to the site for a church service five days later. "I was terrified. We were dwarfed by immense wreckage looming around us. It was a landscape drained of all colour," she told the congregation. Barbara Stephenson, the Deputy US ambassador to Britain, lit a candle during the service to symbolise the banishment of darkness and everlasting life. In Kabul, the US ambassador, Ryan Crocker, said America must remain in Afghanistan “for the long haul”. Ambassador Crocker, who flew into New York after hearing of the attacks and saw both towers fall, said: “For me the last 10 years have always been about 9/11. I keep in my office in a small frame the boarding pass I have from that flight. “I will never forget what happened on that day and I will never give up on my commitment to do everything I can to ensure 9/11 never happens again.” The ceremonies ranged from the formal and grand to the intimate memorial of a single grieving mother. In Malaysia, Pathmawathy Navaratnam wished her dead son: "Good morning." Vijayashanker Paramsothy, a 23-year-old financial analyst, was killed in the attacks on New York. His mother said: "He is my sunshine. He has lived life to the fullest, but I can't accept that he is not here anymore. I am still living, but I am dead inside." In the northeastern Indian state of Manipur, 100 family members and close friends of Jupiter Yambem gathered to remember the manager of the Roof of the World restaurant in the World Trade Center. Players from the American Eagles rugby team were among the first to mark the anniversary at a memorial service in the town of New Plymouth in New Zealand. The players, who are participating in the Rugby World Cup tournament, listened to a speech by David Huebner, the US ambassador, whose brother Rick survived the attacks. In Japan, families gathered in Tokyo to pay their respects to the 23 Fuji Bank employees who never made it out of their World Trade Center office. A dozen of the workers who died were Japanese. Security measures in the two US cities were tightened following uncorroborated but "credible" intelligence suggesting that the leaders of al Qaida could have dispatched operatives into the US to set off a lorry bomb. Metal barriers were mounted along roads surrounding the site of the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan, while police have been ordered to patrol bridges looking for suspect vehicles. In his weekly radio address, President Barack Obama yesterday called for national unity as he attempted to reassure the nation ahead of the anniversary of the worst attacks the country's mainland has ever experienced. President Obama said: "We are doing everything in our power to protect our people. And no matter what comes our way, as a resilient nation, we will carry on. "The terrorists who attacked us that September morning are no match for the character of our people, the resilience of our nation or the endurance of our values." Details of the latest alleged terrorist plot are sketchy but US officials said a CIA informant had told them of a plan involving three men of Arab descent, two of whom could be American citizens and already in the country. The third suspect is thought to have travelled to Europe but not entered the US. They had been instructed to set off a car or lorry bomb in Washington or New York City. American authorities had been warned of the plot, supposedly ordered by Ayman al Zawahiri, the man who replaced Osama bin Laden as head of the al Qaida terrorist network. It is understood that intelligence agencies in the US have been unable to corroborate the informant's claims. The ceremonies in New York began on Saturday, as thousands of local residents, for whom 9/11 was an attack on their home as well as on a symbol of American might, linked hands with visitors from across the country and around the world as the nation began an emotionally-exhausting weekend of ceremonies and services marking the 10th anniversary of the atrocities. Rising in front of them as they reached out to friends, neighbours and strangers, was the new World Trade Center tower, soaring into the void left that day and destined to be America's tallest building. Ten years ago on September 11, Laura Morrison fled her home a few blocks from the WTC with her two-year-old daughter in a push-chair along the same footpath where they gathered on Saturday, with the Statue of Liberty symbol of freedom standing tall and proud in the harbour behind them. She was pregnant at the time with her second child. Now they returned as a family - Mrs Morrison, her husband Scott, and their daughters Zoe, 12 and Jamie, nine. "We live here, we work here, we are raising our family here and we are not going to be driven away," she said. Their defiance was only deepened, they said, by threat of another al-Qaeda attack President Bush, the country's leader at the time of the attacks but who has maintained a low profile since leaving office, took centre stage in two ceremonies yesterday. At the Pentagon, he led a brief and sombre silent tribute to the 184 people killed when a hijacked plane ploughed into the defence headquarters just outside Washington. Joined by his wife, Laura, he laid a wreath of white flowers by the memorial stone embedded in the wall where the plane struck. Mr Bush later joined Bill Clinton, the former president, and Vice-President Joe Biden at a ceremony dedicating the marble "wall of names" near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. It was there that an onboard rebellion by passengers and flight crew foiled plans by the hijackers of United 93 to fly into the US Capitol or the White House, forcing them down instead into a remote field. The Foreign Office urged British citizens in America to be vigilant in the light of the latest threat. The 9/11 attacks claimed the lives of 2,977 innocent people, making them the deadliest terrorist atrocity America has ever experienced. Some 2,753 died in New York, 184 in Washington and 40 in Pennsylvania. Among the dead were 343 firefighters, 37 police officers, two FBI officers and one US secret service agent. September 11 Attacks * News » * World News » * North America » * USA » * Andy Bloxham » In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK Subscriptions 3 months for £1 Get 3 months subscription for just £1 View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Save up to 70% on luxury hotels and holidays View Telegraph Books Get the Matt 2014 calendar View Property Club Row of houses Sign up to the Telegraph Property Club fortnightly email View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § [1pximage.png] [1pximage.png] [QODLink] News Shows In Depth Opinion Human Rights Video Blogs Sport Investigations Weather Watch Live Al Jazeera America Arabic Africa Americas Asia-Pacific Central & South Asia Europe Middle East Inside Story Witness Listening Post People & Power 101 East The Stream More Focus Features In Pictures Interactive Spotlight Counting the Cost News This month on Al Jazeera ____________________ [BUTTON Input] (not implemented)_____ IFRAME: /Services/IncludePart/LevelOne/?T=7&Id=200779114755848707&P=&V=2 Americas Americans remember Sept 11 attacks Six moments of silence were held for the victims of the al-Qaeda attacks which happened 12 years ago. Last Modified: 11 Sep 2013 21:53 Email Article Print Article Share article Send Feedback IFRAME: http://aljazeera.galleries.newscred.com/gallery_slideshow/0794766c6d579 1abefcf0be67243666f?width=680&disable_link_to_hosted_page=1&height=450& show_related=0&style_id=1305214650909 The twelfth anniversary of the September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda attacks has been marked throughout the US with the reading of victims' names and moments of silence. At Wednesday's morning ceremony at Ground Zero in New York City, relatives recited the names of the nearly 3,000 people who died when hijacked jets crashed into the World Trade Centre, the Pentagon and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, as well as the 1993 World Trade Centre bombing victims' names. "No matter how many years pass, this time comes around each year - and it's always the same," said Karen Hinson of Seaford, New York, who lost her 34-year-old brother, Michael Wittenstein, a Cantor Fitzgerald employee. "My brother was never found, so this is where he is for us," she said as she arrived for the ceremony with her family early on Wednesday. In Washington DC, President Barack Obama joined First Lady Michelle Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, Jill Biden and members of the White House staff in a moment of silence on the White House South Lawn. Afterwards, in a memorial service at the Pentagon, Obama called on Americans to pray for those whose lives had been lost. "Let us have the strength to face the threats that endure, different though they may be from 12 years ago, so that as long as there are those who would strike our citizens, we will stand vigilant and defend our nation," he said. The day was marked with spells of silence that symbolised the key moments of the attacks. In the first of six moments of silence, at 8.46am, the moment that the first hijacked passenger jet crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Centre, many Americans, including Obama, fell silent. For a slideshow of images from today's anniversary, visit our Al Jazeera America gallery. 324 Source: Al Jazeera and agencies Email Article Print Article Share article Send Feedback Topics in this article People * Karen Hinson * Barack Obama * Michael Wittenstein * Jill Biden * Michelle Obama * Joe Biden Country * United States City * Shanksville * Washington * Seaford Organisation * Pentagon * White House Featured on Al Jazeera [2011121414102525734_20.jpg] Muslims of France What challenges have generations of immigrants faced in a country torn between secularism and religious diversity? [20131223134330730734_20.jpg] Witnesses describe atrocities in South Sudan Violence returns to South Sudan on a level not seen since the civil war that gave birth to the world's newest nation. [201262385948872734_4.jpg] [1pximage.png] Paraguay's Forgotten Coup Did a bloody confrontation over land rights lead to a coup against the country's former President Fernando Lugo? 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REUTERS/Justin Lane/Pool 1 of 20. A woman pauses along the edge of the North Pool of the 9/11 Memorial during a ceremony marking the 12th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York, September 11, 2013. Credit: Reuters/Justin Lane/Pool Related Video Video Somber U.S. ceremonies mark 12th anniversary of September 11 attacks Wed, Sep 11 2013 Video Timelapse video shows nine years of 9/11 reconstruction Wed, Sep 11 2013 NEW YORK/WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Bagpipes, tolling bells and a reading of the names of the nearly 3,000 people who died when hijacked jetliners crashed into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and a Pennsylvania field marked the 12th anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2001. More than a thousand people gathered Wednesday on a hot and hazy morning at the National September 11 Memorial plaza in Manhattan, for the annual reading of victims' names from both the 1993 and 2001 terror attacks on the World Trade Center. Bagpipes and a youth choir opened the solemn proceedings, held around two memorial pools in the footprints of the twin towers on the 16-acre site of the former World Trade Center complex. Many of those reading from the list of names directly addressed their own lost loved ones in emotional tributes. "Cathy, your brothers and sisters still miss you. All the people whose lives you touched," said Eleanor Salter, whose daughter, Catherine Patricia Salter, perished. "As for me, life goes on. But it would have been really fun with you around. I miss your smile." Gabriella Scibetta was only 4 years old, and her brother Vincent was a baby, when their mother, Adriane Victoria Scibetta, died in the South Tower. "Vincent and I love and miss you, you'll never be forgotten," Scibetta said. In keeping with a tradition begun last year, no public officials spoke at the New York ceremony, although former New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, his successor Michael Bloomberg, Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly, and other city and state leaders were in attendance. In Washington's memorial service at the Pentagon, President Barack Obama called on Americans to pray for those whose lives had been lost. "Let us have the strength to face the threats that endure, different though they may be from 12 years ago, so that as long as there are those who would strike our citizens, we will stand vigilant and defend our nation," Obama said. The morning after a speech in which he urged Americans to support his proposal to use military force against Syria, in retribution for President Bashar al-Assad's poison gas attack on his own people, Obama also reflected on the limits of force. "Let us have the wisdom to know that, while force is at times necessary, force alone cannot build the world we seek," Obama said. Americans observed a moment of silence at 8:46 a.m. EDT (1246 GMT), the time American Airlines Flight 11 smashed into the North Tower and there was a second pause at 9:03 a.m. (1303 GMT) when United Airlines Flight 175 struck the South Tower. More moments of silence came at 9:37 a.m. (1337 GMT), when American Airlines Flight 77 hit the Pentagon; at 9:59 a.m. (1359 GMT) when the South Tower collapsed; at 10:03 a.m. (1403 GMT) when United Flight 93 hit the ground near Shanksville, Pennsylvania; and at 10:28 a.m. (1428 GMT), when the North Tower fell. Nineteen hijackers were killed in the suicide attacks, for which Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda claimed credit, leading to the U.S. war in Afghanistan and indirectly to the invasion of Iraq. Twelve years later, two skyscrapers have been nearly completed on either side of the plaza, including One World Trade Center, the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere at a symbolic 1,776 feet, a number chosen for the year of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. At the Flight 93 National Memorial wall in Pennsylvania, the National Park Service's ceremony of remembrance on Wednesday included a reading of the names of the passengers and crew, a ringing of bells, a wreath-laying and tributes. (Reporting by Victoria Cavaliere in New York and Mark Felsenthal in Washington; Editing by Scott Malone, Bernadette Baum and Gunna Dickson) FILED UNDER: U.S. Politics Aerospace & Defense IFRAME: http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters. com%2Farticle%2F2013%2F09%2F11%2Fus-usa-worldtradecenter-idUSBRE98A0OL2 0130911&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=recommend&col orscheme=light&height=35 * Tweet this * Link this * Share this * Digg this * Email * Print * Reprints We welcome comments that advance the story through relevant opinion, anecdotes, links and data. If you see a comment that you believe is irrelevant or inappropriate, you can flag it to our editors by using the report abuse links. Views expressed in the comments do not represent those of Reuters. For more information on our comment policy, see http://blogs.reuters.com/fulldisclosure/2010/09/27/toward-a-more-though tful-conversation-on-stories/ Comments (24) Tolan wrote: After this terrible crime why now US supports Al Quaida? Unable to take lessons from history? Sep 11, 2013 9:34am EDT -- Report as abuse JackTheSnack wrote: I still remember the moment my wife called me at home, from her work and told me to turn on the TV. I turned it on, and just stared at the screen, as a second plane hit the other tower. it was the most surreal moment in my life, and I knew that everything was going to be different, after that day. Sep 11, 2013 9:52am EDT -- Report as abuse USAPragmatist2 wrote: Tolan, 1. you can not even spell Al-Qaeda 2. your claim of the USA supporting them is so far off base it is sickening. Sep 11, 2013 10:46am EDT -- Report as abuse This discussion is now closed. We welcome comments on our articles for a limited period after their publication. See All Comments >> Read 1. U.S. judge says NSA phone surveillance is lawful 2:46pm EST 2. Four dead, three wounded in Louisiana killing spree 10:37am EST 3. India seeks possible U.S. tax violations as stand hardens in row 4:23pm EST 4. Japan gets Okinawa approval for U.S. Marine base move 9:14am EST 5. 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[p?c1=2&c2=&c3=&c4=&c5=&c6=&c15=&cj=1] DCSIMG IFRAME: __bkframe § #Swampland » In Obama’s Commemoration, a Call to Remember More Than 9/11 Comments Feed alternate alternate Swampland WordPress.com Skip to Content TIME Swampland Sections → * Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Video * TIME 100 * Photos * Magazine * LIFE.com * Lists * Sports Search Search TIME ____________________ Go * Follow + Facebook + Twitter + Google+ + Tumblr + RSS * Apps * Home * 2016 Election * White House * Congress * Domestic Policy * Foreign Policy * Photos Barack Obama In Obama’s Commemoration, a Call to Remember More Than 9/11 By Michael Scherer @michaelschererSept. 12, 20110 * Share + + + + + + [pin_it_button.png] * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + obamagroundzero Kristoffer Tripplaar-Pool / Getty Images * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Delicious + Google+ * Comment Follow @TIMEPolitics Everywhere President Obama traveled on Sunday, he was asked to remember. “Never forget,” read the signs held by a half dozen family members of 9/11 victims at Ground Zero, the words framing photocopied snapshots, or blown up portraits, of loved ones who died a decade earlier. “Forget me not,” said the young niece of firefighter who had perished, after she read her uncles name on stage. In Shanksville, Pa., David White, the cousin of a passenger on Flight 93, asked Obama to sign his shirt, sewn with the words “Never Forget.” As Obama walked to the crash site, to stare out at the lush green field where 40 innocent people died, spotted now with yellow wildflowers, he passed a polished river stone left at the memorial that had been sandblasted with the word, “Remember.” At these events, and during a later appearance at the Pentagon, Obama had few words of his own. He mostly just stood with his wife, Michelle, and bore witness, giving handshakes and hugs, laying a wreath, placing his hand upon the recently completed monument at Ground Zero. His words came much later, after nightfall, during a concert event at the Kennedy Center in Washington. It was here that he too asked for remembrance. But his speech did not only concern the 2,819 people who had died in the attacks of Sept. 11. He wanted the country to remember itself. “Decades from now, Americans will visit the memorials to those who were lost on 9/11,” Obama said. “And they will know that nothing can break the will of a truly united States of America. They will remember that we have overcome slavery and Civil War, bread lines and fascism, recession and riots, Communism and, yes, terrorism. They will be reminded that we are not perfect, but our democracy is durable, and that democracy–reflecting, as it does, the imperfections of man–also gives us the opportunity to perfect our union. That is what we honor on days of national commemoration: those aspects of the American experience that are enduring, and the determination to move forward as one people.” His choice of words—bread lines, recession—were not incidental. Obama leads a nation that could use some reminding these days. Roughly three out of four people think the country is headed in the wrong direction. Confidence in just about every national institution is at or near historic lows. The defining feature of the coming political season is a building fear among the American public that for the first time in the Post-War era, the nation’s next generation will not be better off than the last. In many ways, it was the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, that set the course for the current malaise. Since then, the economy, as experienced by most middle-income Americans, has stagnated. Other nations have eclipsed the United States in the pace of economic growth and the quality of investment opportunities. The national vision of America’s military might has been humbled by two protracted wars. The American Century, once an article of faith, now seems like a chapter from a history book. It is in this space that Obama hopes to lead. In his speech Sunday night, he insisted that the glass was still half full–and filling. “These past ten years tell a story of resilience,” he said. “The Pentagon is repaired, and filled with patriots working in common purpose. Shanksville is the scene of friendships forged between residents of that town, and families who lost loved ones there. New York remains a vibrant capital of the arts and industry, fashion and commerce. Where the World Trade Center once stood, the sun glistens off a new tower that reaches toward the sky. Our people still work in skyscrapers. Our stadiums are filled with fans, and our parks full of children playing ball. Our airports hum with travel, and our buses and subways take millions where they need to go. Families sit down to Sunday dinner, and students prepare for school. This land pulses with the optimism of those who set out for distant shores, and the courage of those who died for human freedom.” The fact that Obama finds comfort in a citizenry that still works in tall buildings, uses airplanes and plays in parks says something about the degree to which four hijacked planes interrupted the American project. But Obama’s words also spoke to something else, which has been leaking into his daily speeches in recent weeks. In addition to his quest for re-election, and his efforts to stimulate the economy again, he sees a need to raise the national spirit after so many years of false starts and frustrations. He believes the path to a better future must begin with remembering who we have been. 0 comments Livefyre * Get Livefyre * FAQ Sign in + Follow Post comment Link Sort: Newest | Oldest Latest from our Partners [009TWC_mahobeach_650x366.jpg?resize=200%2C133] World's Scariest Airport Runways — Weather Google Just Made Rap Genius Disappear — Slate NSA Phone Surveillance Found Legal — Political Wire SubscribePopular Among Subscribers [cover_0812.jpg] Having It All Without Having Children [cover_1111.jpg] The Secret Web: Where Drugs, Porn and Murder Live Online [ideas_cover_0509.jpg] The Man Who Remade Motherhood [cover_1104.jpg] Inside Prince Charles' World As He Quietly Takes Charge Get all access to digital and printSubscribe * Most Popular * From Swampland 1. The Navy’s Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 2. Poll: This Is the Worst Congress Ever 3. John Kerry Embraces Fist-Bump Diplomacy With Snoop Dogg 4. Obama Signs Budget and Military Bills in Rare Example of Bipartisanship 5. 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The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone More on TIME [232_lb_surprising1_1205.jpg?resize=200%2C133] The Most Surprising Photos of 2013 [232_int_xmas_world_1224.jpg?resize=200%2C133] Christians Celebrate Across the Globe [232_top10_everything_1204.jpg?resize=200%2C133] The Year in Review: TIME's Top 10 Everything of 2013 [232_hp_111_standard.jpg?resize=200%2C133] Pope Francis: TIME Person of the Year Connect With TIME * * * * * Sign up for TIME's politics newsletter, and more info ____________________ Go Joe Klein In the ArenaBy Joe Klein * ‘Tis The Season * Things to Worry About in 2014 * Bashar Assad, The Lethal Tyrant * iPad * iPhone * Android * TIME TV * Populist * The Page * TIME Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Photos * Videos * Lists * Magazine * © 2013 Time Inc. All rights reserved * Privacy Policy * Your California Privacy Rights * RSS * Newsletter * Mobile * TIME For Kids * Subscribe * Contact Us * Terms of Use * Media Kit * Reprints & Permissions * Help * Site Map * Ad Choices * Custom Content Powered by WordPress.com VIP TIME logo our partners CNN logo CNN Money logo § Skip to Content TIME Entertainment Sections -> * Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Video * TIME 100 * Photos * Magazine * LIFE.com * Lists * Sports Search Search TIME ____________________ Go * Follow + Facebook + Twitter + Google+ + Tumblr + RSS * Apps Gravity's Rainbow: The 9/11 Memorial Manages a Delicate Balance Between Grief and Consolation By Richard Lacayo Wednesday, Sept. 07, 2011 * Share + + Tweet + + * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + Squared Design Lab A rendering of one of the two reflecting pools and its parapet at the National 9/11 Memorial Related * Why It's Taking So Long to Rebuild Ground Zero * Twin Towers: Photos of the World Trade Center, 1970–2001 * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Del.i.cious + Google+ * Comment * Reprints Follow @TIME A few months after the attack on the World Trade Center, Rudolph Giuliani, then the outgoing mayor of New York City, called for a "soaring" memorial to the people who died on 9/11. But ten years later, the newly completed memorial carries us in the opposite direction. Two massive square voids sited within the footprints of the towers, it digs down — almost as if the collapse of the towers had pounded out a space to deposit feelings about that whole wretched day. On all four sides of each void, waterfalls descend into a broad reflecting pool, irresistibly drawing your eyes, and your thoughts, ever downward. But for all that, the memorial doesn't carry you into a dark place and leave you there. By an adroit balance of elements, it manages to acknowledge the inevitability of grief at this place, but also — to some degree — dispel it. Over the past ten years there have been any number of disappointing developments at the Trade Center site (more on that later), but the memorial has not turned out to be one of them. If there's one lesson it offers, it's that there's more than one way to soar. The National 9/11 Memorial, to use its formal name, is the brainchild of an architect, Michael Arad, collaborating with the landscape designer Peter Walker. When he first submitted his proposal to the memorial design competition in 2003, Arad was an unknown 34-year-old working at the New York City Housing Authority. A few months after the 9/11 attacks, he had made a drawing of an impossible idea for a memorial: two square holes that plunged through the surface of the Hudson River, so that water poured down their sides as though they were drains. Was there a way, he wondered, to translate that image into a reality on dry land? (See TIME's 9/11 Memorial Site: "Beyond 9/11.") There was, but it would require a multi-year process full of setbacks, squabbles and changes to the design that began even before Arad won the competition. In his master plan for the redevelopment of Ground Zero, a scheme that had won a separate competition just a few months earlier, the architect Daniel Libeskind had proposed that the exposed foundation pit of the towers, a 70-ft.-deep concrete "bathtub" scorched by the fires of the attack, might be kept open. He saw in those walls a raw memento of that bitter day and a symbol of the strength of the city and nation. (Because that bathtub held, the Hudson River didn't come flooding into lower Manhattan.) The organizers of the memorial competition told applicants to respect Libeskind's plan, which would have placed the entire memorial plaza far below street level. To do that also meant, in effect, asking them to situate their memorials within a larger and potentially overwhelming commemorative space. Arad ignored the instruction. Though his own scheme called for pools recessed 30-ft., he envisioned them surrounded by a street-level plaza linked to the surrounding neighborhood. Arad's victory in the memorial competition meant that Libeskind's idea of preserving that wounded pit was swept away. With it went it the possibility of endowing the site with a primordial force that Arad's more cleanly manufactured voids, with their polished bronze parapets and smooth-surfaced walls, can't quite summon. But scale has a power all its own, and by its very size — each of the voids is about an acre in size — the completed memorial still evokes the immensity of 9/11. Its right-angled geometry notwithstanding, it appears before you as a vast abstract of nature, of cliffs, waterfalls and chasms. In a stiff wind, when the water whips and lashes the walls, it even has an unruliness of its own, like that restive, riderless horse in the funeral procession for John F. Kennedy. (See unpublished photos from 9/11 by photographer James Nachtwey.) But all the while that those deep, dark voids express a sense of loss and grief — and reach into your feelings about the grave — the falling water exerts its ancient power to console. And even in this immense memorial there's an intimacy in some of the details. Because the water pours into the tanks through narrow channels spaced an inch and a half apart, it drops first in separate rivulets. As those descend they combine into a unified sheet of water, a mingling that speaks of the many lives joined by the vast event that was 9/11. Then there's a final gesture that seems designed to symbolize grief being drawn away at last. At the center of each tank the pooled waters drain into a square opening — like one of Arad's imagined holes in the surface of the Hudson — and out of sight. Arad's design originally called for ramps that would lead visitors down to galleries 30 ft. below ground. There the names of the 9/11 dead would be inscribed on walls visible behind the curtains of falling water. It might have been a profoundly beautiful effect, but for reasons of cost and crowd control, the idea was dropped. Instead the names are engraved — cut all the way through, actually, and backlit at night — on bronze panels along the parapets that form the perimeter of both voids. In all there are 2,983, including everyone (other than the terrorists) who died at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and in the crash of United Airlines Flight 93 in Shanksville, Pa., as well as the six who died in the truck bomb attack on the Twin Towers in 1993. After much arranging and re-arranging, it's been possible to place the names of the dead close to those of friends, relatives or co-workers who also died that day. (See #Beyond911: TIME's Memorial Twitter Wall.) After Arad's proposal was chosen as one of eight competition finalists, the 13 jurors urged him to seek out a landscape designer to soften its hard edges. (One of Arad's strongest backers on the jury was Maya Lin, who knew an offspring of her brilliantly minimalist Vietnam Veterans Memorial when she saw one — but who probably also understood how much a bare-bones design can benefit from a green setting.) He turned to the already well-established Walker, who surrounded the voids with a six-acre park plaza of granite pavers and closely planted white oaks that will eventually grow to a height of 60 feet, forming a leafy canopy in the warm weather months. Including the park, the memorial covers just under half the 16-acre World Trade Center site, where 1 World Trade Center (formerly the Freedom Tower), Santiago Calatrava's rail station and three adjacent tall buildings are all in various stages of construction, as well the National 9/11 Museum that will open next fall. Let's be clear: the Trade Center site as a whole is a lost opportunity. It was once envisioned as a new Rockefeller Center, a great urban ensemble where low-rise theaters and cultural centers would rub shoulders with skyscrapers. It's ending up mostly as a cynical collection of office towers, a palisade of rentable space. With all the talk of consecrated ground, the memorial will be one of the few spots not consecrated to money making. For that reason alone, it was essential that it should deliver, and it does, on its promise to be both a powerful and a contemplative space. For so long as the rest of Ground Zero remains a construction site there will only be one entry point to the memorial plaza, and visitors will require advance tickets. But eventually, as the surroundings return to normal, it will be possible to enter from any of the four streets that lead to the site, and the ticketing system will end. The memorial plaza will take on its second function as an ordinary neighborhood park, a place where people will jog, sun themselves and walk their dogs, all before the backdrop of two giant, churning memory machines. Can these potent excavations and the greenery that surrounds them ever fulfill their dual mission as sacred ground and secular hangout? That's the question that will hang over this fraught site for a long time to come, to be answered on a daily basis. You might say that the final architects of the 9/11 memorial will be the people who pass through it every day. See photos of Stephane Sednaoui's 9/11 search and rescue experience. See photos of the evolution of Ground Zero. The Magazine Subscribe Current Time.com Cover * The Year in Pictures * Photos: 2013: The Year In Culture * Even After Volcker, Banks Aren't Safe Enough * 10 Questions with Rick Warren * Table of Contents * Subscribe Now * Online Issue Archive Most Read 1. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 2. 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Why the World Trade Center Still Isn't Finished By Claire Suddath Saturday, Sept. 10, 2011 * Share + + Tweet + + * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + Mark Lennihan / AP A view of the construction of the World Trade Center complex on Aug. 25, 2011 Related * TIME Special Report: 10 Years Later * Sports and Remembrance: How Softball Helps Honor a Hero of 9/11 * Video: Four Unlikely Survivors * Remembering 9/11: The Evolution of Ground Zero * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Del.i.cious + Google+ * Comment * Reprints Follow @TIME It's an afternoon in September, a few days before the 10th anniversary of 9/11, and a young woman is standing outside the fence that surrounds the World Trade Center site, posing for a photograph in front of a construction crane. A few yards away, a father draws the outline of the Twin Towers in the air for his son. The boy can't be more than 8 or 9 years old. He watches his father then peers through the chain-link fence at the half-finished buildings surrounded by truckloads of cement and steel. He asks again what happened. The father answers quietly — his voice too low for passersby to hear — but we know what he's saying. Ten years ago, not more than a few dozen yards from where he and his son are now standing, two hijacked airplanes plowed into the Twin Towers, killing an estimated 2,752 people. A third airplane crashed into the Pentagon and a fourth, Flight 93, went down in a Pennsylvania field — killing a combined 224 more. (See James Nachtwey's unpublished 9/11 photos.) Ten years is not a very long time. Most people who are alive today were also alive back then. We can remember where we were on 9/11 and what it was like to watch an airplane strike the second tower on live TV. Victims' family members are still hurting. There are people in New York City who have gotten sick from the ash and debris that blanketed part of the city that day. And in the lower part of Manhattan, the World Trade Center — 16 acres of planned office buildings, subway stations, commuter-railway lines and a memorial museum and plaza — still hasn't been rebuilt. Nobody expects a wound this deep to heal swiftly, but after 10 years of fist-pumping speeches and patriotic promises, we are just now putting in the stitches. But there is one thing we have done. On Sept. 11, 2011, New York City will officially unveil 9/11 Memorial to victims' families and invited guests. (It will open up to the public the following day.) It is a stone plaza peppered with 400 swamp white oak trees that surround two square reflecting pools and waterfalls, which are located where the original towers once stood. The names of the 9/11 victims, as well as the six people killed in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, are inscribed on parapets that run along the waterfalls' perimeters. Of the seven major construction projects currently going on at Ground Zero, it is the only one that's finished. Even given its size and complexity, the World Trade Center has taken an unusually long time to rebuild. If everything goes according to plan, the site won't be finished until 2016. That's nearly 8 years longer than the initial projections offered by New York's then governor George Pataki in 2003. To give you an idea of how long that is, the original towers were completed in just five and a half years. (See photos of views from the Twin Towers.) "It's easy to ask, 'What's taking so long?'" says Chris Ward, the executive director of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, "but it's harder to say, 'O.K., this is how we build it.'" The World Trade Center construction site is a $20 billion venture — according to Ward, it is the biggest public-construction project that has ever been undertaken in the U.S. It is a vastly complex partnership between the Port Authority, a bistate government organization that oversees the regional transportation between New York and New Jersey; a private real estate developer named Larry Silverstein; and dozens of smaller companies and organizations that have been brought on to help design, build, fund and oversee everything from the subway and commuter-train center to a performing-arts venue. The site has suffered repeated delays, budget overruns, design changes and several serious lawsuits. After 9/11, it took nearly a year and a half for the city to even decide upon a rebuilding plan. In fact, the first attempt at such a plan had to be completely scrapped. In July 2002, the Lower Manhattan Development Corp. (LMDC) — the agency that oversees the World Trade Center's redevelopment — released six proposals for how to rebuild the site. They were bland, largely uniform structures that maximized office space to generate as much revenue as possible (estimated at the time to be $120 million a year). For the most famous construction site in the U.S., the plans showed surprisingly little creativity or forethought. And so, the LMDC tried again. An international competition was held, and in February 2003, a Polish-American architect named Daniel Libeskind was awarded the project for designing a very tall, asymmetrical skyscraper that would come to be known as the Freedom Tower. See TIME's special report, "Beyond 9/11: Portraits of Resilience." 1. Previous 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. 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Your Email ____________________ (Submit) Go Voices * Joel Stein The Year of Not Trying Too Hard * James Poniewozik 2013 TV in Review: The Rise of Craft-Brewed Television * Richard Corliss Critics Awards 2: Judgment Daze * Rana Foroohar The Original Wolf of Wall Street Carl Icahn Returns * Joe Klein Bashar Assad, The Lethal Tyrant * Fareed Zakaria Big Fuss Over a Small Iran Deal * iPad * iPhone * Android * TIME TV * Populist * The Page * TIME Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Photos * Videos * Lists * Magazine * (c) 2013 Time Inc. All rights reserved * Privacy Policy * Your California Privacy Rights * RSS * Newsletter * Mobile * TIME For Kids * Subscribe * Contact Us * Terms of Use * Media Kit * Reprints & Permissions * Help * Site Map * Ad Choices * Custom Content TIME logo our partners CNN logo CNN Money logo § #World » Ten Years After 9/11, Is It Now Time to be Afraid of China? Comments Feed alternate alternate World WordPress.com Skip to Content TIME World Sections → * Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Video * TIME 100 * Photos * Magazine * LIFE.com * Lists * Sports Search Search TIME ____________________ Go * Follow + Facebook + Twitter + Google+ + Tumblr + RSS * Apps * Main * Middle East * China * India * Europe * Africa * Latin America * Asia * Photos * Fareed Zakaria Japan Ten Years After 9/11, Is It Now Time to be Afraid of China? By Ishaan Tharoor @ishaantharoorSept. 08, 20110 * Share + + + + + + [pin_it_button.png] * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Delicious + Google+ * Comment Follow @TIMEWorld A vessel reported to be the Ukrainian-made aircraft carrier Varyag, which China bought in the 1990s, is seen at a port in Dalian, Liaoning province, April 17, 2011. (Photo: Reuters) As the commentaries, retrospectives and meditations pile up ten years after 9/11, expect quite a few in their closing paragraphs to look toward the next grand geo-political challenge facing the U.S. A decade of costly adventurism in the Middle East and Afghanistan, many will argue, distracted U.S. policy making from the new realities of Asia, where some of the world’s main economies and rising powers are shaping the future decades of the 21^st century. The bogeyman here is not an ideology or some shadowy terrorist threat, but, to be blunt, China. Beijing’s rise as an economic and military power raises understandable concerns. The modernization of its navy and army seem calculated to directly challenge the preeminence of American power. As an authoritarian state, China has shown a penchant for a cold-blooded foreign policy, happy to support troublesome regimes from Khartoum to Pyongyang. A raft of pundits have already issued grim warnings about the future of the global liberal, democratic order — one which emerged during the 20^th century’s Pax Americana — as it gets pressured by the new imperatives of a Chinese hegemon. Tapping into this sense of alarm, an essay published last week in the National Review by Michael Auslin, the resident East Asia scholar at the right-of-center American Enterprise Institute, offers up a vision for American strategy in the Pacific. Though Auslin claims his proposal is more “pro-Asia” than it is “anti-China,” it’s hard to see how the two in his formulation are all that different. Auslin’s essay — entitled “Build, Hold and Clear: An American Strategy for Asia” — is a re-invention of the U.S.’s “counter-insurgency” doctrine invoked in Iraq and Afghanistan of “clear, hold and build,” now applied across the wide tableau of the Asia-Pacific. Given the profound doubts hanging over U.S. operations in those two war-blighted countries, questions ought to immediately arise. Auslin shrugs off any concerns of U.S. decline or failure, and calls for policymakers to focus on “the next American era today.” This involves, ostensibly, reasserting U.S. interests across Asia by “building a larger community” of like-minded allies and confronting China more directly. Auslin writes: We must have a clear diplomatic line that does not confuse our friends and realistically calls out those nations that act in destabilizing ways. The Obama administration has begun to openly put such pressure on China over maritime territorial claims, but our reluctance to make clear China’s negative policies with respect to North Korea, Burma, Iran, and other nations, as well as its continuing abysmal human-rights record, means we are sending mixed messages to those nations that seek to adhere to higher standards of international and domestic behavior. From checking Chinese expansionism in the South China Sea to shoring up the development of democracy in the region, Auslim imagines American leadership ought to play a key role. No matter the U.S.’s budgetary woes, he suggests a reinforcement of the U.S.’s military position in the region, seeking basing rights in Australia and greater access for naval units and American aircraft in Southeast Asia. “Rebalancing our global forces so as to put more submarines, ballistic-missile defense measures, and stealth aircraft in Asia,” writes Auslin, “will reassure allies and complicate any aggressive plans of potential adversaries.” No points for guessing who these adversaries are. There are some obvious problems here. With China a vital trade partner for virtually every nation in Asia, no government is willing to let itself be drawn into any sort of anti-Chinese bloc. A 2007 call by an earlier Japanese administration for “an arc of freedom” linking democracies like Australia, Japan and India proved to be words in the wind few are willing to repeat. Moreover, some Asian governments are wary of acting in lockstep with a country that for years bossed the world as its lone superpower. India has seen a dramatic improvement of ties with the U.S. over the past decade, yet policy independence is a pronounced mantra of any Indian government; cozying up to Washington remains a political faux-pas. While China’s military rise has neighbors wary, a time when the Chinese PLA could legitimately rival the U.S. military is still far off. Much was made of the launch earlier this summer of China’s first aircraft carrier. But, as academics Shashank Joshi and Ashley Townshend write, the repurposed ex-Soviet hulk will give U.S. naval officials few sleepless nights. Indeed, striking a confrontational pose against the Chinese is likely counter-productive: Overreactions will only strengthen Communist Party and PLA hardliners, emboldening strands of Chinese nationalism. While co-operating to blunt the PLA navy’s offensive capabilities, the US and its allies should recognise Beijing’s legitimate maritime interests. A Cold War mentality in Asia is an anachronism not simply because the world is now a far more fragmented and “multi-polar” place, but also because China’s dominance may not rely — like the U.S.’s did — on aircraft carriers and forward operating bases. As Charles Kenny writes in Foreign Policy, “China will be a different kind of global power because the nature of global power has changed dramatically.” China’s growing stake in an ever-integrating global economy, says Kenny, means it will have “considerable self-interest in maintaining multilateralism” and playing nice with its neighbors. After a decade that has seen policy-makers in Washington set up the shibboleth of “terror” as a pretext for two costly wars, it might be wise to stop seeking the next great enemy around the corner. Ishaan Tharoor is a writer-reporter for TIME and editor of Global Spin. Find him on Twitter at @ishaantharoor. You can also continue the discussion on TIME‘s Facebook page and on Twitter at @TIMEWorld. Ishaan Tharoor @ishaantharoor Ishaan Tharoor is a Senior Editor at TIME magazine and Editor of TIME World, based in New York City. 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But in addition to all the usual wedding-planning details — choosing the flavor of their cake, the color of the flowers in her bouquet — Kreimer had to decide whether to observe a moment of silence. That's because she and her fiance chose to wed on the 10th anniversary of 9/11. "I've always considered it a day of mourning, of remembrance," says Kreimer, 24, a speech pathologist from Long Island, New York. So why choose that day to get married? Because she wanted to tie the knot in September and because the New Jersey venue she had her heart set on — an event space in New Jersey, just a short drive from where the attacks occurred in Manhattan — only had Sept. 11 available. "We definitely had to think about it," Kreimer says, even after the venue, which was having trouble booking an event on that day, offered her a discount of about $50 a head. In the end, she and her fiance decided to mark the day with a joyful occasion. "We remember the lives that were lost, but you have to keep living your life," she says. (See TIME's special report, "Beyond 9/11: Portraits of Resilience.") Their decision makes them something of a rarity, at least in the parts of the country near Ground Zero: of the 30 or so New York City–based wedding planners TIME contacted for this story, the vast majority said they were not planning a wedding on Sept. 11. But elsewhere in the U.S., more people are choosing to marry on Sept. 11, according to statistics from the wedding-planning website, TheKnot.com. The site, which tracks wedding trends based on data that couples input when they are registering on the website, reports 1,712 registered weddings this year on Sept. 11 — that's nearly double the number of weddings the last time the date fell on a Sunday, in 2005. Similarly, last year, when the anniversary fell on a Saturday — the most popular day of the week for weddings — there were 9,210 ceremonies registered on the site, a significant increase from Saturday, Sept. 11, 2004, when there were 5,303. "What we're seeing is a lot of couples are reclaiming the day as a happy event," says Anja Winikka, an editor at TheKnot.com. That's what Antoinette Perrie and Philip D'Ambrosio decided to do when they booked a beach venue for this Sunday on Long Island. Perrie, 57, a chiropractor and acupuncturist in Queens, said she and her fiance sat down to plan their wedding about six months ago. At that time, their favorite venue was essentially all booked up. "The manager looked at me, and she said, 'Well, I do have one date, but no one wants it,'" Perrie says. "Once she told me, I thought, you know, I am not going to be spooked by this day. I thought if I said no, the terrorists would win." (See the definitive photos from 9/11.) Perrie and her fiance plan to have the chaplain say a few words about 9/11 during the ceremony, and they will fly American flags on the beach in remembrance. Kreimer decided to include a moment of silence. But for at least some Sept. 11 brides, the date has cast too dark a shadow on their big day. "I wanted to turn it into something good," Vanessa Castillo, who lives in Miami and runs a construction company with her husband, says of getting married last year on Sept. 11. "But now we're celebrating one year and everyone says, 'Wow, I can't believe you've been married a year, but can you believe it's been 10 years since 9/11?' There's always a but. Forget me and my husband celebrating. It's going to be a sad day." Her wedding planner, Cheryl Fielding-LoPalo, president of Cheryl J. Weddings & Events, says she has tried telling Castillo that the 10th anniversary is a special case and that down the road, there won't be quite so much attention paid to it. Nevertheless, Castillo and her husband plan to celebrate their anniversary in future years on March 18, the day they were legally wed at a courthouse. "She's feeling like she isn't allowed to be happy" on 9/11, Fielding-LoPalo says. "That's too bad because I don't think anyone who was impacted would ever wish that someone else couldn't find joy on that day." See James Nachtwey's unpublished 9/11 photos. See perspectives from the 9/11 generation. The Magazine Subscribe Current Time.com Cover * The Year in Pictures * Photos: 2013: The Year In Culture * Even After Volcker, Banks Aren't Safe Enough * 10 Questions with Rick Warren * Table of Contents * Subscribe Now * Online Issue Archive Most Read 1. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 2. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 3. WATCH: Miley Cyrus' New Video, 'Adore You' 4. 'Justin Bieber's Believe' Takes a Box-Office Beating 5. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 6. 5 Simple Steps to a Better 2014 7. Technology 8. Arts and Entertainment 9. Is Sony's PlayStation 4 Really Outselling Microsoft's Xbox One 2-to-1? Who Knows. 10. The Most Surprising Photos of 2013 Most Emailed 1. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 2. Windows XP to Become a Hacker's Dream in 2014, Experts Warn 3. How Many Steps Does it Take to Avoid a Heart Attack? Researchers Find Out 4. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 5. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 6. Ralph Fiennes' 'The Invisible Woman': Dickens in Love 7. Why 3D Printing Is Turning Out to Be Risky 8. The Target Credit Card Breach: What You Should Know 9. Here's What Christmas Morning Would Look Like Through the Lens of Your Favorite Directors 10. Pope Francis, The People's Pope More News from Our Partners Slate * * * Huffington Post * [] * [] * [] Sponsored A Pragmatist's Guide for Living She heads an organization that has been part of the lives of 59 million American women. Girl Scouts of the USA CEO Anna Maria Chavez still relies on the values instilled in her many years ago, including her belief in data-driven decision-making TIME NewslettersSee all Newsletters Newsletter Free! Sign Up Now * Breaking News * Politics * Entertainment * LightBox * and more... Your Email ____________________ (Submit) Go Voices * Joel Stein The Year of Not Trying Too Hard * James Poniewozik 2013 TV in Review: The Rise of Craft-Brewed Television * Richard Corliss Critics Awards 2: Judgment Daze * Rana Foroohar The Original Wolf of Wall Street Carl Icahn Returns * Joe Klein Bashar Assad, The Lethal Tyrant * Fareed Zakaria Big Fuss Over a Small Iran Deal * iPad * iPhone * Android * TIME TV * Populist * The Page * TIME Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Photos * Videos * Lists * Magazine * (c) 2013 Time Inc. All rights reserved * Privacy Policy * Your California Privacy Rights * RSS * Newsletter * Mobile * TIME For Kids * Subscribe * Contact Us * Terms of Use * Media Kit * Reprints & Permissions * Help * Site Map * Ad Choices * Custom Content TIME logo our partners CNN logo CNN Money logo § Skip to Content TIME U.S. Sections -> * Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Video * TIME 100 * Photos * Magazine * LIFE.com * Lists * Sports Search Search TIME ____________________ Go * Follow + Facebook + Twitter + Google+ + Tumblr + RSS * Apps In Fragmented Miami, a 9/11 Show of Unity Among Faiths By Tim Padgett / Miami Wednesday, Sept. 07, 2011 * Share + + Tweet + + * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + Sebastien Desarmaux / Corbis * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Del.i.cious + Google+ * Reprints Follow @TIME The 9/11 hijackers didn't just want to kill human beings. They were out to destroy human ties. They brought down the Twin Towers hoping to put up even higher walls between countries, races and especially religions. And they almost got away with it, judging by last year's divisive protests against a Muslim community center near Ground Zero — or last week's Pew Research Center poll of Muslim-Americans, in which more than a fifth say they still see support for Islamic extremism in their community. But then, if a few clerics and their congregations here in Miami are any indication, the terrorists lost. When a so-called Florida preacher announced this year that he and his so-called church had burned a Koran, my coverage of that otherwise abhorrent episode led me to Masjid al-Ihsaan, a Sunni mosque in south Miami-Dade County. Its Gandhi-esque response to the preacher's affront was not to lash out but rather to hand out the Muslim holy book. For every Koran he burned, Al-Ihsaan would give 114 of them (the Koran has 114 chapters) to the community. The mosque's imam, Tarek Chebbi, asked me to present one to the Rev. Luis Perez, the pastor of a nearby Roman Catholic church I attend, Holy Rosary-St. Richard. Father Perez enthusiastically accepted Imam Chebbi's invitation of an interfaith partnership, as did Rabbi Mark Kram of a local Reconstructionist Jewish temple, Beth Or, and their congregations responded just as positively. (See TIME's special: Beyond 9/11: Portraits of Resiliance.) Fast forward to this weekend, when members of those three congregations plan to attend each other's services to commemorate the 10th anniversary of 9/11. On Friday, Sept. 9, Catholics and Jews will be guests at afternoon prayer at Al-Ihsaan; Catholics and Muslims will go to Shabbat service at Beth Or that evening; and on Sunday, Muslims and Jews will be at a Holy Rosary-St. Richard mass. Faith communities across the U.S. could do worse than conclude that interfaith communities are one of the best ways to honor 9/11 victims — and denounce their murderers. Like the malignant dust that fouled Ground Zero, one of the sad siren songs that hung in the post-9/11 air was that we're locked in a "clash of civilizations." And that rhetoric is bound to pollute this weekend's national observance, as talking heads of all religious and political stripes try to turn a solemn period of outreach into cable-news noise about the "imposition" of Shari'a law or the "decadence" of western culture. Rather than engage the more critical issue of how we defuse the religious resentments that lead to so much of the world's violence, they'll insist on parsing questions like whether Anders Behring Breivik, who massacred 76 people in Norway this past summer in the name of Christianity, can be called a Christian terrorist; or whether Baruch Goldstein, who in 1994 gunned down 29 praying Palestinians in the West Bank in the name of Judaism, can be called a Jewish terrorist, in the same way we call the 9/11 hijackers Islamic terrorists. (Yes and yes, by the way.) What the Miami congregations are saying, in their small but salient way, is that the terrorists and hate-mongers do not represent their religions. Just as important, they're recognizing that those faiths, for all their real differences, have a great deal in common. In fact, Abraham's submission to God, a central theme of the Torah and the Old Testament, is the focus of one of Islam's most important holy days, Eid al-Adha. The Koran, meanwhile, reverently mentions Jesus and the Virgin Mary almost 60 times. And western civilization owes a big debt to medieval Muslim thinkers like Ibn Rushd (Averroes to western readers) for keeping alive classical texts, like Aristotle's, that inspired medieval Christian thinkers like Thomas Aquinas — and helped nurture the European Renaissance. (See "Flight 93 and Shanksville, Pa: The Forgotten Part of 9/11.") Which makes it all the more regrettable that while Judeo-Christian fellowship is fairly common in America — I met one of my best friends growing up when my confirmation class attended his bar mitzvah — Judeo-Christian-Muslim fellowship is fairly rare. This is the weekend to correct that, especially since the core greeting of each faith is "Peace": Shalom in the Hebrew of Judaism, Salaam in the Arabic of Islam and Pax vobiscum (peace be with you) in the Latin of early Christianity. For that matter, it's the central tenet of any credible religion, from Hinduism to Buddhism to paganism. South Florida, thankfully, was spared the carnage of 9/11, but its ghosts abide here nonetheless, since many of the hijackers covertly trained in our midst. That, and the fact that Miami remains one of the country's most fragmented communities, makes it important that we mark the 9/11 anniversary by opening our churches, mosques, synagogues and temples. But it's just as important that the rest of the country — not just New York, Washington, D.C., and rural Pennsylvania but every village and metropolis in the South, Midwest and West — realize that we can either perpetuate the "clash of civilizations" or halt it. Doing the former is just what the hijackers wanted. The Magazine Subscribe Current Time.com Cover * The Year in Pictures * Photos: 2013: The Year In Culture * Even After Volcker, Banks Aren't Safe Enough * 10 Questions with Rick Warren * Table of Contents * Subscribe Now * Online Issue Archive Most Read 1. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 2. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 3. WATCH: Miley Cyrus' New Video, 'Adore You' 4. 'Justin Bieber's Believe' Takes a Box-Office Beating 5. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 6. 5 Simple Steps to a Better 2014 7. Technology 8. Arts and Entertainment 9. Is Sony's PlayStation 4 Really Outselling Microsoft's Xbox One 2-to-1? Who Knows. 10. The Most Surprising Photos of 2013 Most Emailed 1. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 2. Windows XP to Become a Hacker's Dream in 2014, Experts Warn 3. How Many Steps Does it Take to Avoid a Heart Attack? Researchers Find Out 4. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 5. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 6. Ralph Fiennes' 'The Invisible Woman': Dickens in Love 7. Why 3D Printing Is Turning Out to Be Risky 8. The Target Credit Card Breach: What You Should Know 9. Here's What Christmas Morning Would Look Like Through the Lens of Your Favorite Directors 10. Pope Francis, The People's Pope More News from Our Partners Slate * * * Huffington Post * [] * [] * [] Sponsored A Pragmatist's Guide for Living She heads an organization that has been part of the lives of 59 million American women. Girl Scouts of the USA CEO Anna Maria Chavez still relies on the values instilled in her many years ago, including her belief in data-driven decision-making TIME NewslettersSee all Newsletters Newsletter Free! Sign Up Now * Breaking News * Politics * Entertainment * LightBox * and more... Your Email ____________________ (Submit) Go Voices * Joel Stein The Year of Not Trying Too Hard * James Poniewozik 2013 TV in Review: The Rise of Craft-Brewed Television * Richard Corliss Critics Awards 2: Judgment Daze * Rana Foroohar The Original Wolf of Wall Street Carl Icahn Returns * Joe Klein Bashar Assad, The Lethal Tyrant * Fareed Zakaria Big Fuss Over a Small Iran Deal * iPad * iPhone * Android * TIME TV * Populist * The Page * TIME Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Photos * Videos * Lists * Magazine * (c) 2013 Time Inc. All rights reserved * Privacy Policy * Your California Privacy Rights * RSS * Newsletter * Mobile * TIME For Kids * Subscribe * Contact Us * Terms of Use * Media Kit * Reprints & Permissions * Help * Site Map * Ad Choices * Custom Content TIME logo our partners CNN logo CNN Money logo § Skip to Content TIME U.S. Sections -> * Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Video * TIME 100 * Photos * Magazine * LIFE.com * Lists * Sports Search Search TIME ____________________ Go * Follow + Facebook + Twitter + Google+ + Tumblr + RSS * Apps How to Preach on Sunday, September 11, 2011 By Elizabeth Dias Saturday, Sept. 10, 2011 * Share + + Tweet + + * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + Corbis Related * The Importance of Understanding Religion in a Post-9/11 World * In Fragmented Miami, a 9/11 Show of Unity Among Faiths * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Del.i.cious + Google+ * Comment * Reprints Follow @TIME On the 10th anniversary of September 11 Sunday morning, some 120 million Americans will be sitting in church pews. Waiting nearby in half a million pulpits will be much of the nation's clergy, sermons in hand. The question is, What will they preach? This Sunday's sermon has been a hot topic for pastors across the country for months. Barbara Brown Taylor, a critically-acclaimed Episcopal preacher and Islam professor at Piedmont College, has become a go-to for sermon counsel. "I would focus on wisdom gained. I would try to think about what we have learned over these 10 years," she says of the anniversary Sunday. "What we have learned about our religious neighbors, what we have learned about ourselves, and what does our tradition teach us about how to go forward?" (See behind the scenes of TIME's Beyond 9/11 cover.) This week's lectionary lineup offers powerful passages for reflection along these lines. Biblical texts for scheduled for this Sunday include Moses leading the Israelites from Egyptian slavery, Joseph forgiving his brothers who sold him to slavery, and Jesus requiring forgiveness seventy times seven times, a Biblical metaphor for continual grace. Some of the most famous words in the Psalms are also on tap: "The LORD is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in love" (Psalm 103). While not all Christian traditions follow the lectionary guide, many mainline Protestant churches will worship united around passages that have provided hope since they were penned several thousand years ago. Denominational leaders are also reaching out to their pastors to help guide their words. As a guiding principle for Sunday, Rev. Katharine Jefferts Schori, Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, asks pastors to consider, "Have we become more effective reconcilers as a result? Are we more committed to peace-making?" Rev. James H. Cooper at Trinity Wall Street Church in Lower Manhattan challenges that the day should be about preaching forgiveness instead of solely remembering pain. "The horrific nature of the attacks had their counterpart that day in the messages that were spoken person to person, prayed, and heard by God," he advised on the church's website. Groups like Textweek and Congregational Resource Guide have provided online resources like prayer and hymn suggestions, including "O God, Our Hearts Were Shattered," an interfaith hymn written for the anniversary Sunday. In the back of many preachers' minds lingers the painful reality that a tiny minority of Christians proclaimed not reconciliation but planned Quran burnings and mosque relocation wars. "There are many things a preacher could do wrong this Sunday," cautions Taylor. "I would speak from and to the congregation in front of me." She suggests pastors specifically consider, questions such as, How was this congregation, this city, this town was affected by 9/11? How did the church respond at the time? What initiatives have they undertaken since? How can my message serve this community's story? (See photos of Shanksville, the most forgotten piece of 9/11.) St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City is doing just that by asking people to submit their own 9/11 remembrances online. These can then be used to provide specific pastoral care and to strengthen the church's community. In the Cathedral's attic, a tangible reminder of the day still stands untouched: four firefighters who died on 9/11 had signed their names into its walls and windows. On the whole, this decade has brought Christian efforts to better understand other religions, especially Islam. Even seemingly small phrases matter. Ten years ago, many preachers referred foremost to the 'Judeo-Christian' tradition. Today many pastors, like Taylor, use the term 'Abrahamic' traditions to include Muslim brothers and sisters, who also descend from Judaism's and Christianity's Father Abraham. How sermons go this Sunday may shed light on how far churches have come. "Churches were spilling over on the weekend after 9/11. Preachers looked out on congregations larger than they had been in a decade, or multiple decades," Taylor notes. "The 10-year anniversary is a chance to look again and to reflect on whether the church has been able to give people any practical help on living in a changed global reality." See how to talk to kids about 9/11. See previously unpublished photos from 9/11 by the amazing James Nachtwey. The Magazine Subscribe Current Time.com Cover * The Year in Pictures * Photos: 2013: The Year In Culture * Even After Volcker, Banks Aren't Safe Enough * 10 Questions with Rick Warren * Table of Contents * Subscribe Now * Online Issue Archive Most Read 1. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 2. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 3. WATCH: Miley Cyrus' New Video, 'Adore You' 4. 'Justin Bieber's Believe' Takes a Box-Office Beating 5. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 6. 5 Simple Steps to a Better 2014 7. Technology 8. Arts and Entertainment 9. Is Sony's PlayStation 4 Really Outselling Microsoft's Xbox One 2-to-1? Who Knows. 10. The Most Surprising Photos of 2013 Most Emailed 1. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 2. Windows XP to Become a Hacker's Dream in 2014, Experts Warn 3. How Many Steps Does it Take to Avoid a Heart Attack? Researchers Find Out 4. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 5. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 6. Ralph Fiennes' 'The Invisible Woman': Dickens in Love 7. Why 3D Printing Is Turning Out to Be Risky 8. The Target Credit Card Breach: What You Should Know 9. Here's What Christmas Morning Would Look Like Through the Lens of Your Favorite Directors 10. Pope Francis, The People's Pope More News from Our Partners Slate * * * Huffington Post * [] * [] * [] Sponsored A Pragmatist's Guide for Living She heads an organization that has been part of the lives of 59 million American women. Girl Scouts of the USA CEO Anna Maria Chavez still relies on the values instilled in her many years ago, including her belief in data-driven decision-making TIME NewslettersSee all Newsletters Newsletter Free! Sign Up Now * Breaking News * Politics * Entertainment * LightBox * and more... 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(File Photos/AP) September 11, 2001 brought the costliest man-made tragedy in the history of civilization to the United States of America. On this Tuesday morning, nineteen anti-American terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners - two of United Airlines, and two of American Airlines - with the intention of crashing them into prominent United States buildings. They were devestatingly successful. American Airlines Flight 11 North Tower, World Trade Center, New York City American Airlines Flight 11, operated by a Boeing 767-223ER (N334AA) on the morning of September 11, departed Runway 4R at Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts for the 5+ hour flight to Los Angeles, California at 7:59am local time. On board the aircraft were 81 passengers (including five hijackers), nine flight attendants, and the two pilots. Shortly after its departure, Flight 11 disappeared from FAA radar screens, and ceased responding to radio calls from air traffic controllers. At 8:24am, the Captain of another aircraft on the air traffic control frequency, United Airlines Flight 175, reported that "we heard a suspicious transmission on our departure from BOS. Sounds like someone keyed the mike and said everyone stay in your seats." Less than ninety seconds later, UA175 flight would suffer the same fate. [0911-2.jpg] The North WTC Tower begins to collapse. (File Photo/AP) At 8:45am, the aircraft was flown into the side of the North 110 floor tower - between the 80th and 90th floors - of the World Trade Center Plaza in New York City's financial district. The aircraft impacted the tower at an estimated 350 knots. This fact, combined with the large amount of burning jet fuel, led to severe structural damage within the tower, which caused its eventual collapse some 104 minutes later at 10:29am local time. United Airlines Flight 175 South Tower, World Trade Center, New York City United Airlines Flight 175, operated by a Boeing 767-222 (N612UA) on the morning of September 11, departed Runway 9 at Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts for the 5+ hour flight to Los Angeles, California at 8:14am local time. On board the aircraft were 56 passengers (including five hijackers), seven flight attendants, and the two pilots. Shortly after its departure, moments after its crew had reported suspicious radio transmissions from another flight to Boston ARTCC center, Flight 175 disappeared from FAA radar screens, and ceased responding to radio calls from air traffic controllers. At 9:03am, with hundreds of cameras around Manhattan focused on the World Trade Center complex, the aircraft was flown into the South 110 floor tower, between the 65th and 75th floors. Images of the collision were broadcast live around the world as television networks covered the previous aircraft collision some eighteen minutes earlier. Similar to AA11, the aircraft is estimated to have impacted the structure at approximately 350 knots, and the structural damage caused to the tower by the impact caused it to collapse 47 minutes later at 9:50am. American Airlines Flight 77 Pentagon (DOD Building), Washington, D.C. [0911-3.jpg] The damage at the Pentagon Building. (File Photo/AP) American Airlines Flight 77, operated by a Boeing 757-223 (N644AA) on the morning of September 11, departed Runway 30 at Washington Dulles International Airport for the 4+ hour flight to Los Angeles, California at 8:10am local time. On board the aircraft were 58 passengers (including five hijackers), four flight attendants, and the two pilots. Shortly after departure, the aircraft disappeared from FAA radar screens and ceased responding to air traffic control radio transmissions. The aircraft was turned around and flown back toward Washington, D.C. from the north. The aircraft then reportedly proceeded to descend over the White House, enter a tight 270° turn, and fly toward the U.S. Department of Defense Building (Pentagon) in northern Virginia. Witnesses reported that the aircraft clipped trees and lightposts as it descended at a high rate of speed, before impacting the the south-west face of the Pentagon Building. United Airlines Flight 93 Somerset, Pennsylvania United Airlines Flight 93, operated by a Boeing 757-222 (N591UA) on the morning of September 11, departed Newark International Airport near New York for the 5+ hour flight to San Francisco, California at 8:01am local time. On board the aircraft were 37 passengers (including four hijackers), five flight attendants, and the two pilots. Unlike the other aircraft hijacked this day, UA93 proceeded normally on course for over an hour, being hijacked at approximately 9:35am somewhere near Cleveland, Ohio while cruising at 35,000 feet. The aircraft's course was presumably changed to proceed to Washington, D.C. Investigators believe that the aircraft had a target of either the White House or the Capitol Building. It never made it that far. IFRAME: http://www.jetphotos.net/ad/rectangle.shtml Advertisement During the initial takeover, two Flight Attendants were reportedly killed near the front of the aircraft, while the remaining persons aboard the plane were herded toward the rear portion of the passenger cabin. Throughout the ordeal, these passengers and crewmembers were permitted to use cellular phones as well as the onboard AirFone system to contact loved ones. As word spread of the three other hijackings, and their end result, a group of passengers aboard UA93 began to develop a plan to regain control of the aircraft from the four hijackers. A GTE AirFone operator, speaking with one of the passengers on board, reported that the passenger had told her that the passengers had voted on whether to obey the hijackers, or challenge them, and that the vote had been to attempt to regain control of the plane. The AirFone operator then heard one of the passengers say "Let's roll," and the phone dropped to the floor. Staying on the line, she would later recall hearing sounds of loud comotion, yells and screams for the next several minutes, followed by the line going dead. United Flight 93 had crashed into a field in south-western Pennsylvania. The Human Toll Although the exact number of casualties as a result of the September 11 terrorist attacks will never be known, below are known details concerning fatalities: * American Airlines Flight 11: 81 passengers, 9 flight attendants, 2 pilots United Airlines Flight 175: 56 passengers, 7 flight attendants, 2 pilots American Airlines Flight 77: 58 passengers, 4 flight attendants, 2 pilots United Airlines Flight 93: 37 passengers, 5 flight attendants, 2 pilots World Trade Center: 524 confirmed casualties, 3,822 missing Pentagon (DOD) Building: 125 confirmed casualties * Figures accurate as of Nov 9, 2001 The Financial Toll Damages resulting from the September 11 terrorist attacks are expected to approach US$30 Billion, making the attacks the costliest man-made tragedy in history. The airline and travel industries were hit particularly hard following the attacks, with commercial passenger traffic in the United States dropping nearly 40% between September 10 and October 10, 2001, and world-wide traffic decreasing some 18%. The airline industry predicts that traffic will not return to pre-attack levels until nearly 2007. The Aftermath No one can say with any certainty what the lasting effects of the September 11 terrorist attacks will be. Below are changes that have been instituted within the airline industry since the attacks. - Numerous changes within airport buildings, including regulations that restrict curb-side baggage checkin, and prohibit non-passengers from passing the security checkpoints. Airports being patrolled by National Guard troops. - U.S. airlines have fortified cockpit doors, most often with stronger materials, and metal bars, to prevent intruders from gaining access to the cockpit. - Aircraft which either report a problem, or fail to respond to air traffic controllers, have been escorted back to airports for landing by military fighter jets. - President Bush has announced that high-ranking military officers have been granted the authority to down any aircraft deemed a threat to persons/structures on the ground. - An Airport Security Bill is currently under debate in Congress. The U.S. Senate passed a bill that would federalize all airport security workers and operations, while the House of Representatives later passed a bill that would maintain the current system of using civilian employees, while instituting Federal oversight of operations and employee performance. A compromise is expected to be agreed upon, and receive President Bush's signature, making it law. _______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1997-2013 AirDisaster.Com. All Rights Reserved. View our privacy statement & hassle-free usage policy. § Error 406 - Not Acceptable An error has occurred. Generally a 406 error is caused because a request has been blocked by Mod Security. If you believe that your request has been blocked by mistake please contact the web site owner. § #A to Z Terms of Use BBC Accessibility links * Skip to content * Skip to local navigation * Accessibility Help BBC iD BBC iD * Settings * Sign out BBC navigation * News * Sport * Weather * iPlayer * TV * Radio * More... Search term: ____________________ (Submit) Search History * History * The 9/11 terrorist attacks play 9/11 and the road to war Within a month of the attacks on the Twin Towers in New York on 11 September 2001, America had declared war on Afghanistan and invaded. Young British soldiers who have since fought in Afghanistan recall their feelings about 9/11. Smoke pours from the twin towers of the World Trade Center, 11 September 2001 (Robert Giroux/Getty Images) The 9/11 terrorist attacks 11 September 2001 On 11 September 2001, terrorists hijacked four aeroplanes and deliberately flew them into targets in the United States of America. These acts of terrorism killed almost 3,000 people and triggered the subsequent conflict in Afghanistan. Photo: Smoke pours from the twin towers of the World Trade Center, 11 September 2001 (Robert Giroux/Getty Images) Features in: The war in Afghanistan The war in Afghanistan This event features in: The war in Afghanistan Previous Event You are at the start of The war in Afghanistan Next Event The US refuses to negotiate with the Taliban September - November 2001 The US refuses to negotiate with the Taliban More information about: The 9/11 terrorist attacks On the morning of 11 September 2001, 19 hijackers took control of four commercial passenger jets flying out of airports on the east coast of the United States. Two of the aircraft were deliberately flown into the main two towers (the Twin Towers) of the World Trade Center in New York, with a third hitting the Pentagon in Virginia. The fourth plane never reached its intended target, crashing in Pennsylvania. It is believed that the passengers and crew overpowered the hijackers and took control of the plane. Symbolic attacks The Twin Towers were widely considered to be symbols of America's power and influence. The Pentagon is the headquarters of the US Department of Defense. Both 110-floor World Trade Center towers subsequently collapsed and substantial damage was caused to one wing of the Pentagon. Numerous other buildings at the World Trade Center site in lower Manhattan were destroyed or badly damaged. The total loss of life on 9/11 was nearly 3,000, including the 19 hijackers. It was the worst loss of life due to a terrorist incident on US soil. The days that followed saw a significant effect on world economic markets and international confidence. Suspicion falls on al-Qaeda Suspicion soon fell on the radical Sunni Islamist group, al-Qaeda ('The Base' in Arabic) founded in 1988 and led by Saudi-born Osama Bin Laden. There was good reason for this. Although difficult to confirm, it is thought al-Qaeda's involvement in world terrorism can be traced back to 1993, with the first World Trade Center bombing. Over the next 8 years, al-Qaeda were implicated in a series of major attacks on US forces: the shooting down of two American Black Hawk helicopters in Somalia in October 1993, the killing of 19 Americans in a bombing at a military housing complex in Saudi Arabia in 1996, the bombing of US embassies in Dar Es Salaam and Nairobi in 1998, with the loss of 223 lives, and the suicide attack on the USS Cole in 2000, which killed 17 servicemen and wounded 39. In 1996 Bin Laden called for his followers to "launch a guerrilla war against American forces and expel the infidels from the Arabian Peninsula" Soon after the 1998 embassy bombings, The Federal Bureau of Investigation placed Bin Laden on their Ten Most Wanted list, offering a reward of $25million for his capture. A new kind of enemy On the night of 11 September, with al-Qaeda widely believed to have conducted the attacks, President George W Bush described the events of that day as "evil, despicable acts of terror" and said the US was "at war with a new and different kind of enemy". The attack was denounced by governments worldwide. In October 2001, attacks were launched on Afghanistan by western coalition forces in conjunction with the anti-Taliban Afghan Northern Alliance BBC iPlayer TV Radio * play Kindertransport: Journey to Life Kindertransport: Journey to Life * play Pride and Prejudice: Having a Ball Pride and Prejudice: Having a Ball * play Episode 3 Episode 3 Episode 3: Westminster Abbey More History programmes on BBC iPlayer No radio programmes available More History programmes on BBC iPlayer Related BBC links * 9/11 Timeline: Story of the Day * Timeline: Al-Qaeda * How the twin towers were built * 9/11: Ten Years On * Special Report: 9/11 Ten Years On * Twin towers preserved in sound * Who are the Taliban? Elsewhere on the web * 9/11 Commission report * Daily Telegraph - September 11 Attacks * New York Times - 9/11 * 9/11 Attacks - 102 Minutes That Changed America * 9/11 Memorial * The Sonic Memorial Project * The Guardian - Is this the man who inspired Bin Laden? 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Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so. § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Saturday 28 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home>> 2. News>> 3. World News>> 4. September 11 Attacks Memorials begin as America remembers 9/11 Presidents present and past lead the country in memory of the thousands of lives lost in the terrorist attacks of September 11 at services in New York, Pennsylvania and the Pentagon. 10:40AM BST 11 Sep 2011 Follow live coverage from New York, Washington and around the world as remembrance ceremonies are held to mark the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks President Bush, the country's leader at the time of the attacks but who has maintained a low profile since leaving office, took centre stage in two ceremonies yesterday. At the Pentagon, he led a brief and sombre silent tribute to the 184 people killed when a hijacked plane ploughed into the defence headquarters just outside Washington. Joined by his wife, Laura, he laid a wreath of white flowers by the memorial stone embedded in the wall where the plane struck. Mr Bush later joined Bill Clinton, the former president, and Vice-President Joe Biden at a ceremony dedicating the marble "wall of names" near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. It was there that an on-board rebellion by passengers and flight crew foiled plans by the hijackers of United 93 to fly into the US Capitol or the White House, forcing them down instead into a remote field. Meanwhile current President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama marked the day before the anniversary with a visit to Arlington National Cemetery. There they paid silent tribute to the US soldiers who have fallen in the Iraq and Afghanistan, conflicts brought about since 9/11 to prevent any such attack from occurring again. Related Articles * 9/11: Tribute in Light 12 Sep 2011 * 9/11 remembered around the world 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11: America remembers 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11: memorial service in New York 11 Sep 2011 * Manhattan falls silent 10 years on 11 Sep 2011 * Voices from the doomed planes 10 Sep 2011 The Obamas later volunteered in a Washington soup kitchen in order to promote a lasting notion that September 11 be held up as a day national service. In New York, residents came together in Lower Manhattan to hold hands to commemorate those lost in the atrocities, whilst candles were lit and two beams of light shone skywards from where the twin towers once stood at Ground Zero as darkness fell on the eve on the tenth anniversary. September 11 Attacks * World News >> * North America >> * USA >> * Telegraph TV >> * News Video >> More Video Telegraph TV World News September 11 Attacks 9/11: interactive video timeline Advertisement RELATED VIDEO Ten years on from the September 11 attacks, US President Barack Obama tells the nation that America is a stronger place with al-Qaeda on 9/11: 'America will never waver' 10 Sep 2011 Filmed by shocked and bewildered workers in an adjacent office block, rarely seen amateur video shows the moment the South Tower collapsed on September 11. 9/11: Rare footage of South Tower collapse 10 Sep 2011 Bush's Chief of Staff Andy Card tells the President of the plane crashes into the World Trade Center, during a visit to the Emma E. Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Sept 11 2001 George W Bush recalls being informed of 9/11 attacks 07 Sep 2011 Advertisement Watch More >> Own goal for player with puck in pants 24 Dec 2013 The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge pose for the formal portrait with their son Prince George and their immediate families Watch unseen footage of Prince George 25 Dec 2013 More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS Doctor checking an XRay How personalised medicine is on the right track View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Our latest sales on holidays to Greece, Spain, Cyprus and more View Telegraph Gardenshop Stars of the late-winter garden: Hellebore Double Ellen View GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE Coffee shop barista Why good customer service is beneficial for you View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication (c) Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #Wikipedia (en) copyright Wikipedia Atom feed September 11 attacks From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "9/11" redirects here. For the date, see September 11 or 9 November. For other uses, see September 11 attacks (disambiguation). Page semi-protected September 11 attacks A montage of eight images depicting, from top to bottom, the World Trade Center towers burning, the collapsed section of the Pentagon, the impact explosion in the south tower, a rescue worker standing in front of rubble of the collapsed towers, an excavator unearthing a smashed jet engine, three frames of video depicting airplane hitting the Pentagon. From top to bottom, and left to right: the World Trade Center burning; a section of the Pentagon collapses; Flight 175 crashes into 2 WTC; a fireman requests help at Ground Zero; an engine from Flight 93 is recovered; Flight 77 crashes into the Pentagon. Location New York City; Arlington County, Virginia; and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania Date Tuesday, September 11, 2001 (2001-09-11) 8:46 am–10:28 am (UTC-4) Attack type Aircraft hijackings, mass murder, suicide attacks, terrorism Deaths 2,996 (2,977 victims + 19 hijackers) Injured (non-fatal) 6,000+ Perpetrators Al-Qaeda^[1] (See also responsibility and hijackers) The September 11 attacks (also referred to as September 11, September 11th, or 9/11)^[nb 1] were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks launched by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda upon the United States in New York City and the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. Four passenger airliners were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists so they could be flown into buildings in suicide attacks. Two of those planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, were crashed into the North and South towers, respectively, of the World Trade Center complex in New York City. Within two hours, both towers collapsed with debris and the resulting fires causing partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the WTC complex, as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures. A third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was crashed into the Pentagon (the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense), leading to a partial collapse in its western side. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, was targeted at Washington, D.C.,^[2] but crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after its passengers tried to overcome the hijackers. In total, almost 3,000 people died in the attacks, including the 227 civilians and 19 hijackers aboard the four planes. It also was the deadliest incident for firefighters in the history of the United States. Suspicion quickly fell on al-Qaeda. Although the group's leader, Osama bin Laden, initially denied any involvement, in 2004, he claimed responsibility for the attacks.^[1] Al-Qaeda and bin Laden cited U.S. support of Israel, the presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq as motives for the attacks. The United States responded to the attacks by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, which had harbored al-Qaeda. Many countries strengthened their anti-terrorism legislation and expanded law enforcement powers. Having evaded capture for years, bin Laden was located and killed by U.S. forces in May 2011. The destruction of the Twin Towers and other properties caused serious damage to the economy of Lower Manhattan and had a significant effect on global markets, closing Wall Street until September 17 and the civilian airspace in the U.S. and Canada until September 13. Many closings, evacuations and cancellations followed the attack, either out of fear of further attacks or respect for the tragedy. Cleanup of the World Trade Center site was completed in May 2002, and the Pentagon was repaired within a year. Numerous memorials have been constructed, including the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in New York, the Pentagon Memorial, and the Flight 93 National Memorial in Pennsylvania. On November 18, 2006, Construction of One World Trade Center began at the World Trade Center site.^[3] As of September 2013, the new tower's concrete construction is largely complete, and will officially open when the installation of podium glass and interior construction is completed in late 2013 or early 2014.^[4] Contents * 1 Attacks + 1.1 Events + 1.2 Casualties + 1.3 Damage + 1.4 Rescue and recovery * 2 Attackers and their background + 2.1 al-Qaeda + 2.2 Osama bin Laden + 2.3 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed + 2.4 Other al-Qaeda members + 2.5 Motives * 3 Planning of the attacks * 4 Aftermath + 4.1 Immediate response + 4.2 Military operations following the attacks + 4.3 American response o 4.3.1 Hate crimes o 4.3.2 Muslim American response + 4.4 International response * 5 Long-term effects + 5.1 Economic aftermath + 5.2 Health effects + 5.3 Government policies toward terrorism + 5.4 Cultural impact * 6 Investigations + 6.1 FBI investigation + 6.2 9/11 Commission + 6.3 Collapse of the World Trade Center + 6.4 Internal review of the CIA * 7 Rebuilding and revitalization * 8 Memorials * 9 See also * 10 Citations * 11 External links Attacks See also: Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks Flight paths of the four planes used on September 11 Early on the morning of September 11, 2001, 19 hijackers took control of four commercial airliners (two Boeing 757 and two Boeing 767) en route to California (three headed to LAX in Los Angeles, and one to San Francisco) after takeoffs from Boston, Massachusetts; Newark, New Jersey; and Washington, D.C.^[5] Large planes with long flights were selected for hijacking because they would be heavily fueled.^[6] The four flights were: * American Airlines Flight 11: Left Boston's Logan Airport at 7:59 a.m. en route to Los Angeles with a crew of 11 and 76 passengers, not including five hijackers. The hijackers flew the plane into the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 a.m. * United Airlines Flight 175: Left Logan Airport at 8:14 a.m. en route to Los Angeles with a crew of nine and 51 passengers, not including five hijackers. The hijackers flew the plane into the South Tower of the World Trade Center at 9:03 a.m. * American Airlines Flight 77: Left Washington Dulles International Airport in Virginia at 8:20 a.m. en route to Los Angeles with a crew of six and 53 passengers, not including five hijackers. The hijackers flew the plane into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m. * United Airlines Flight 93: Left Newark International Airport at 8:42 a.m. en route to San Francisco, with a crew of seven and 33 passengers, not including four hijackers. As passengers attempted to subdue the hijackers, the aircraft crashed into the ground near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, at 10:03 a.m. Media coverage was intense during the attacks and aftermath, beginning moments after the first crash into the World Trade Center.^[7] Events At 8:46 a.m., five hijackers crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into the northern facade of the World Trade Center's North Tower (1 WTC), and at 9:03 a.m., another five hijackers crashed United Airlines Flight 175 into the southern facade of the South Tower (2 WTC).^[8]^[9] Five hijackers flew American Airlines Flight 77 into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m.^[10] A fourth flight, United Airlines Flight 93, under the control of four hijackers, crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, southeast of Pittsburgh, at 10:03 a.m. after the passengers fought the hijackers. Flight 93's target is believed to have been either the Capitol or the White House.^[6] Flight 93's cockpit voice recorder revealed crew and passengers tried to seize control of the plane from the hijackers after learning through phone calls that similarly hijacked planes had been crashed into buildings that morning.^[11] Once it became evident to the hijackers that the passengers might regain control of the plane, the hijackers rolled the plane and intentionally crashed it.^[12]^[13] The north face of Two World Trade Center (south tower) immediately after being struck by United Airlines Flight 175 Some passengers and crew members who called from the aircraft using the cabin airphone service and mobile phones provided details: several hijackers were aboard each plane; they used mace, tear gas, or pepper spray to overcome attendants; and some people aboard had been stabbed.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20] Reports indicated hijackers stabbed and killed pilots, flight attendants, and one or more passengers.^[5]^[21] In their final report, the 9/11 Commission found the hijackers had recently purchased multi-function hand tools and assorted knives and blades.^[22]^[23] A flight attendant on Flight 11, a passenger on Flight 175, and passengers on Flight 93 said the hijackers had bombs, but one of the passengers said he thought the bombs were fake. The FBI found no traces of explosives at the crash sites, and the 9/11 Commission concluded that the bombs were probably fake.^[5] Three buildings in the World Trade Center complex collapsed due to fire-induced structural failure.^[24] The South Tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m. after burning for 56 minutes in a fire caused by the impact of United Airlines Flight 175 and the explosion of its fuel.^[24] The North Tower collapsed at 10:28 a.m. after burning for 102 minutes.^[24] When the North Tower collapsed, debris fell on the nearby 7 World Trade Center building (7 WTC), damaging it and starting fires. These fires burned for hours, compromising the building's structural integrity, and 7 WTC collapsed at 5:21 p.m.^[25]^[26] The Pentagon sustained major damage. File:Pentagon Security Camera 1.ogv Security camera footage of Flight 77 hitting the Pentagon.^[27] The plane hits the Pentagon approximately 86 seconds after the beginning of this recording. At 9:40 a.m., the FAA grounded all aircraft within the continental U.S., and aircraft already in flight were told to land immediately. All international civilian aircraft were either turned back or redirected to airports in Canada or Mexico, and all international flights were banned from landing on U.S. soil for three days.^[28] The attacks created widespread confusion among news organizations and air traffic controllers. Among the unconfirmed and often contradictory news reports aired throughout the day, one of the most prevalent said a car bomb had been detonated at the U.S. State Department's headquarters in Washington, D.C.^[29] Another jet—Delta Air Lines Flight 1989—was suspected of having been hijacked, but the aircraft responded to controllers and landed safely in Cleveland, Ohio.^[30] In a September^[verification needed] 2002 interview, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who are believed to have organized the attacks, said Flight 93's intended target was the United States Capitol, not the White House.^[31] During the planning stage of the attacks, Mohamed Atta, the hijacker and pilot of Flight 11, thought the White House might be too tough a target and sought an assessment from Hani Hanjour, who would later hijack and pilot Flight 77.^[32] Mohammed said al-Qaeda initially planned to target nuclear installations rather than the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, but decided against it, fearing things could "get out of control".^[33] Final decisions on targets, according to Mohammed, were left in the hands of the pilots.^[32] Casualties Main articles: Casualties of the September 11 attacks and New York City Fire Department casualties of the September 11 attacks The remains of 6 World Trade Center, 7 World Trade Center, and 1 World Trade Center on September 17, 2001 The attacks resulted in the deaths of 2,996 people, including the 19 hijackers and 2,977 victims.^[34] The victims included 246 on the four planes (from which there were no survivors), 2,606 in New York City in the towers and on the ground, and 125 at the Pentagon.^[35]^[36] Nearly all of the victims were civilians; 55 military personnel were among those killed at the Pentagon.^[37] More than 90% of the workers and visitors who died in the towers had been at or above the points of impact.^[38] In the North Tower 1,355 people at or above the point of impact were trapped and died of smoke inhalation, fell or jumped from the tower to escape the smoke and flames, or were killed in the building's eventual collapse. The destruction of all three staircases in the tower when Flight 11 hit made it impossible for anyone above the impact zone to escape. One hundred seven people below the point of impact died as well.^[38] In the South Tower, one stairwell (A), was left intact after Flight 175 hit, allowing 14 people located on the floors of impact (including one man who saw the plane coming at him) and four more from the floors above to escape. 911 operators who received calls from individuals inside the tower were not well informed of the situation as it rapidly unfolded and as a result, told callers not to descend the tower on their own.^[39] 630 people died in that tower, fewer than half the number killed in the North Tower.^[38] Casualties in the South Tower were significantly reduced by some occupants deciding to start evacuating as soon as the North Tower was struck.^[40] Urban Search and Rescue Task Force German Shepherd dog works to uncover survivors at the site of the collapsed World Trade Center after the September 11, 2001 attacks. At least 200 people fell or jumped to their deaths from the burning towers (as exemplified in the photograph The Falling Man), landing on the streets and rooftops of adjacent buildings hundreds of feet below.^[41] Some occupants of each tower above the point of impact made their way toward the roof in hope of helicopter rescue, but the roof access doors were locked. No plan existed for helicopter rescues, and the combination of roof equipment and thick smoke and intense heat prevented helicopters from approaching.^[42] A total of 411 emergency workers died as they tried to rescue people and fight fires. The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) lost 340 firefighters, a chaplain and two paramedics.^[43] The New York City Police Department (NYPD) lost 23 officers.^[44] The Port Authority Police Department lost 37 officers.^[45] Eight emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics from private emergency medical services units were killed.^[46]^[47] Cantor Fitzgerald L.P., an investment bank on the 101st–105th floors of the North Tower, lost 658 employees, considerably more than any other employer.^[48] Marsh Inc., located immediately below Cantor Fitzgerald on floors 93–100, lost 358 employees,^[49]^[50] and 175 employees of Aon Corporation were also killed.^[51] The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) estimated that about 17,400 civilians were in the World Trade Center complex at the time of the attacks. Turnstile counts from the Port Authority suggest 14,154 people were typically in the Twin Towers by 8:45 a.m.^[52]^[53] The vast majority of people below the impact zone safely evacuated the buildings.^[54] After New York, New Jersey lost the most state citizens, with the city of Hoboken sustaining the most deaths.^[55] More than 90 countries lost citizens in the attacks on the World Trade Center.^[56] Two people were added to the official death toll after dying from health conditions linked to exposure to dust from the collapse of the World Trade Center.^[57]^[58] Deaths (+ hijackers) New York City World Trade Center 2,606^[35]^[59] American 11 87 + 5^[60] United 175 60 + 5^[61] Arlington Pentagon 125^[62] American 77 59 + 5^[63] Shanksville United 93 40 + 4^[64] Total 2,977 + 19 Weeks after the attack, the death toll was estimated to be over 6,000, more than twice the number of deaths eventually confirmed.^[65] The city was only able to identify remains for about 1,600 of the World Trade Center victims. The medical examiner's office collected "about 10,000 unidentified bone and tissue fragments that cannot be matched to the list of the dead".^[66] Bone fragments were still being found in 2006 by workers who were preparing to demolish the damaged Deutsche Bank Building. In 2010, a team of anthropologists and archaeologists searched for human remains and personal items at the Fresh Kills Landfill, where seventy-two more human remains were recovered, bringing the total found to 1,845. DNA profiling continues in an attempt to identify additional victims.^[67]^[68]^[69] The remains are being held in storage in Memorial Park, outside the New York City Medical Examiner’s facilities. It is expected that the remains will be moved in 2013 to a repository behind a wall at the 9/11 museum. In July 2011, a team of scientists at the Office of Chief Medical Examiner was still trying to identify remains, in the hope that improved technology will allow them to identify other victims.^[69] On September 16, 2013, the 1,638th victim was identified. There are still 1,115 victims that have not been identified.^[70] Damage See also: Artworks destroyed in the September 11 attacks World Trade Center site (Ground Zero) with an overlay showing the original building locations. The Pentagon was damaged by fire and partly collapsed. Along with the 110-floor Twin Towers, numerous other buildings at the World Trade Center site were destroyed or badly damaged, including WTC buildings 3 through 7 and St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church.^[71] The North Tower, South Tower, the Marriott Hotel (3 WTC) and 7 WTC were completely destroyed. The U.S. Customs House (6 World Trade Center), 4 World Trade Center, 5 World Trade Center, and both pedestrian bridges connecting buildings were severely damaged. The Deutsche Bank Building on 130 Liberty Street was partially damaged and demolished later.^[72]^[73] The two buildings of the World Financial Center also suffered damage.^[72] The Deutsche Bank Building across Liberty Street from the World Trade Center complex was later condemned as uninhabitable because of toxic conditions inside the office tower, and was deconstructed.^[74]^[75] The Borough of Manhattan Community College's Fiterman Hall at 30 West Broadway was condemned due to extensive damage in the attacks, and is being rebuilt.^[76] Other neighboring buildings including 90 West Street and the Verizon Building suffered major damage but have been restored.^[77] World Financial Center buildings, One Liberty Plaza, the Millenium Hilton, and 90 Church Street had moderate damage and have since been restored.^[78] Communications equipment on top of the North Tower was also destroyed, but media stations were quickly able to reroute signals and resume broadcasts.^[71]^[79] The Pentagon was severely damaged by the impact of American Airlines Flight 77 and ensuing fires, causing one section of the building to collapse.^[80] As it approached the Pentagon, the airplane's wings knocked over light poles and its right engine smashed into a power generator before crashing into the western side of the building, killing all 53 passengers, 5 hijackers, and 6 crew.^[81]^[82] The plane hit the Pentagon at the first-floor level. The front part of the fuselage disintegrated on impact, while the mid and tail sections kept moving for another fraction of a second.^[83] Debris from the tail section penetrated furthest into the building, breaking through 310 feet (94 m) of the three outermost of the building's five rings.^[83]^[84] Rescue and recovery See also: Rescue and recovery effort after the September 11 attacks An injured victim is being loaded into a paramedic van with the burning Pentagon in the background An injured victim of the Pentagon attack is evacuated. The New York City Fire Department deployed 200 units (half of the department) to the site. Their efforts were supplemented by numerous off-duty firefighters and emergency medical technicians.^[85]^[86]^[87] The New York City Police Department sent Emergency Service Units and other police personnel, and deployed its aviation unit. Once on the scene, the FDNY, NYPD, and Port Authority police did not coordinate efforts and performed redundant searches for civilians.^[85]^[88] As conditions deteriorated, the NYPD aviation unit relayed information to police commanders, who issued orders for its personnel to evacuate the towers; most NYPD officers were able to safely evacuate before the buildings collapsed.^[88]^[89] With separate command posts set up and incompatible radio communications between the agencies, warnings were not passed along to FDNY commanders. After the first tower collapsed, FDNY commanders issued evacuation warnings; however, due to technical difficulties with malfunctioning radio repeater systems, many firefighters never heard the evacuation orders. 9-1-1 dispatchers also received information from callers that was not passed along to commanders on the scene.^[86] Within hours of the attack, a substantial search and rescue operation was launched. After months of around-the-clock operations the World Trade Center site was cleared by the end of May 2002.^[90] Attackers and their background See also: Responsibility for the September 11 attacks, Hijackers in the September 11 attacks, Trials related to the September 11 attacks, and 20th hijacker al-Qaeda * v * t * e Major attacks by al-Qaeda * 1993 World Trade Center bombing * 1998 United States embassy bombings * USS Cole * September 11 attacks * Riyadh * Istanbul * 2004 Madrid train bombings * 2004 Khobar massacre * 7/7 London * Qahtaniya * April 2007 Algiers bombings * December 2007 Algiers bombings * Islamabad See also: al-Qaeda The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. Osama bin Laden traveled to Afghanistan and helped organize Arab mujahideen to resist the Soviets.^[91] Under the guidance of Ayman al-Zawahiri, bin Laden became more radical.^[92] In 1996 bin Laden issued his first fatwā, calling for American soldiers to leave Saudi Arabia.^[93] In a second fatwā in 1998, bin Laden outlined his objections to American foreign policy with respect to Israel, as well as the continued presence of American troops in Saudi Arabia after the Gulf War.^[94] Bin Laden used Islamic texts to exhort Muslims to attack Americans until the stated grievances are reversed, and according to bin Laden, Muslim legal scholars, "have throughout Islamic history unanimously agreed that the jihad is an individual duty if the enemy destroys the Muslim countries."^[94] Osama bin Laden See also: Osama bin Laden, Death of Osama bin Laden, and Videos of Osama bin Laden 1997 picture of Osama bin Laden Bin Laden, who orchestrated the attacks, initially denied but later admitted involvement.^[1]^[95]^[96] Al Jazeera broadcast a statement by bin Laden on September 16, 2001, stating, "I stress that I have not carried out this act, which appears to have been carried out by individuals with their own motivation."^[97] In November 2001, U.S. forces recovered a videotape from a destroyed house in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. In the tape, bin Laden is seen talking to Khaled al-Harbi and admits foreknowledge of the attacks.^[98] On December 27, 2001, a second bin Laden video was released. In the video, he said, "It has become clear that the West in general and America in particular have an unspeakable hatred for Islam....It is the hatred of crusaders. Terrorism against America deserves to be praised because it was a response to injustice, aimed at forcing America to stop its support for Israel, which kills our people...We say that the end of the United States is imminent, whether Bin Laden or his followers are alive or dead, for the awakening of the Muslim umma (nation) has occurred", but he stopped short of admitting responsibility for the attacks.^[99] The transcript references several times to the United States specifically targeting Muslims. Shortly before the U.S. presidential election in 2004, in a taped statement, bin Laden publicly acknowledged al-Qaeda's involvement in the attacks on the U.S. and admitted his direct link to the attacks. He said that the attacks were carried out because, "we are free ... and want to regain freedom for our nation. As you undermine our security we undermine yours."^[100] Bin Laden said he had personally directed his followers to attack the World Trade Center.^[96]^[101] Another video obtained by Al Jazeera in September 2006 shows bin Laden with Ramzi bin al-Shibh, as well as two hijackers, Hamza al-Ghamdi and Wail al-Shehri, as they make preparations for the attacks.^[102] The U.S. never formally indicted bin Laden for the 9/11 attacks but he was on the FBI's Most Wanted List for the bombings of the U.S. Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya.^[103]^[104] After a nearly 10-year manhunt, bin Laden was killed by American special forces in a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan on May 2, 2011.^[105]^[106] Khalid Sheikh Mohammed See also: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Khalid Sheikh Mohammed after his capture in 2003 The journalist Yosri Fouda of the Arabic television channel Al Jazeera reported that in April 2002, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed admitted his involvement, along with Ramzi bin al-Shibh.^[107]^[108]^[109] The 9/11 Commission Report determined that the animosity towards the United States felt by Mohammed, the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed from his "violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel".^[110] Mohammed was also an adviser and financier of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the uncle of Ramzi Yousef, the lead bomber in that attack.^[111]^[112] Mohammed was arrested on March 1, 2003, in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by Pakistani security officials working with the CIA, then transported to Guantanamo Bay and interrogated using methods including waterboarding.^[113]^[114] During U.S. hearings at Guantanamo Bay in March 2007, Mohammed again confessed his responsibility for the attacks, stating he "was responsible for the 9/11 operation from A to Z" and that his statement was not made under duress.^[109]^[115] Other al-Qaeda members In "Substitution for Testimony of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed" from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui, five people are identified as having been completely aware of the operation's details. They are bin Laden, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Abu Turab al-Urduni and Mohammed Atef.^[116] To date, only peripheral figures have been tried or convicted for the attacks. On September 26, 2005, the Spanish high court sentenced Abu Dahdah to 27 years in prison for conspiracy on the 9/11 attacks and being a member of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. At the same time, another 17 al-Qaeda members were sentenced to penalties of between six and eleven years.^[117] On February 16, 2006, the Spanish Supreme Court reduced the Abu Dahdah penalty to 12 years because it considered that his participation in the conspiracy was not proven.^[118] Also in 2006, Moussaoui, who some originally suspected might have been the assigned 20th hijacker, was convicted for the lesser role of conspiracy to commit acts of terrorism and air piracy. He is serving a life sentence without parole.^[119]^[120] Mounir el-Motassadeq, an associate of the Hamburg-based hijackers, is serving 15 years for his role in helping the hijackers prepare for the attacks.^[121] The Hamburg cell in Germany included radical Islamists who eventually came to be key operatives in the 9/11 attacks.^[122] Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Said Bahaji were all members of al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell.^[123] Motives See also: Motives for the September 11 attacks Osama bin Laden's declaration of a holy war against the United States, and a 1998 fatwā signed by bin Laden and others, calling for the killing of American civilians,^[94] are seen by investigators as evidence of his motivation.^[124] In bin Laden's November 2002 "Letter to America", he explicitly stated that al-Qaeda's motives for their attacks include * Support for the "attacks against Muslims" in Somalia * Support of Russian "atrocities against Muslims" in Chechnya * Support of Indian "oppression against Muslims" in Kashmir * The presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia^[125]^[126] * U.S. support of Israel^[127]^[128] * The sanctions against Iraq^[129] After the attacks, bin Laden and al-Zawahiri released additional video tapes and audio tapes, some of which repeated those reasons for the attacks. Two particularly important publications were bin Laden's 2002 "Letter to America",^[130] and a 2004 video tape by bin Laden.^[131] Bin Laden interpreted the Prophet Muhammad as having banned the "permanent presence of infidels in Arabia".^[132] In 1996, bin Laden issued a fatwā calling for American troops to leave Saudi Arabia. In 1998, al-Qaeda wrote, "for over seven years the United States has been occupying the lands of Islam in the holiest of places, the Arabian Peninsula, plundering its riches, dictating to its rulers, humiliating its people, terrorizing its neighbors, and turning its bases in the Peninsula into a spearhead through which to fight the neighboring Muslim peoples."^[133] In a December 1999 interview, bin Laden said he felt that Americans were "too near to Mecca", and considered this a provocation to the entire Muslim world.^[134] One analysis of suicide terrorism suggested that without U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, al-Qaeda likely would not have been able to get people to commit to suicide missions.^[135] In the 1998 fatwā, al-Qaeda identified the Iraq sanctions as a reason to kill Americans, condemning the "protracted blockade"^[133] among other actions that constitute a declaration of war against "Allah, his messenger, and Muslims."^[133] The fatwā declared that "the ruling to kill the Americans and their allies – civilians and military – is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque and the holy mosque of Mecca from their grip, and in order for their [the Americans'] armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim."^[136]^[137] Bin Laden claimed, in 2004, that the idea of destroying the towers had first occurred to him in 1982, when he witnessed Israel's bombardment of high-rise apartment buildings during the 1982 Lebanon War.^[138]^[139] Some analysts, including Mearsheimer and Walt, also claim that one motivation for the attacks was U.S. support of Israel.^[128]^[134] In 2004 and 2010, bin Laden again connected the September 11 attacks with U.S. support of Israel, although most of the letter expressed bin Laden's disdain with President Bush and bin Laden's hope to "destroy and bankrupt" the U.S.^[140]^[141] In addition to those cited by bin Laden and al-Qaeda, analysts have suggested other motives, including western support of Islamist and non-Islamist authoritarian regimes in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan and northern Africa, and the presence of western troops in some of these countries.^[142] Other authors suggest the "humiliation" resulting from the Islamic world falling behind the Western world – this discrepancy rendered especially visible by the globalization trend^[143]^[144] and a desire to provoke the U.S. into a broader war against the Islamic world in the hope of motivating more allies to support al-Qaeda. Others have argued that 9/11 was a strategic move with the objective of provoking America into a war that would incite a pan-Islamic revolution.^[145]^[146] Planning of the attacks See also: Planning of the September 11 attacks ground zero and surrounding area as seen from directly above depicting where the two planes impacted the towers Map showing the attacks on the World Trade Center (the planes are not drawn to scale) Diagram showing the attacks on the World Trade Center The idea for the attacks came from Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who first presented it to Osama bin Laden in 1996.^[147] At that time, bin Laden and al-Qaeda were in a period of transition, having just relocated back to Afghanistan from Sudan.^[148] The 1998 African Embassy bombings and bin Laden's 1998 fatwā marked a turning point, as bin Laden became intent on attacking the United States.^[148] In late 1998 or early 1999, bin Laden gave approval for Mohammed to go forward with organizing the plot. A series of meetings occurred in early 1999, involving Mohammed, bin Laden, and his deputy Mohammed Atef.^[148] Atef provided operational support for the plot, including target selections and helping arrange travel for the hijackers.^[148] Bin Laden overruled Mohammed, rejecting some potential targets such as the U.S. Bank Tower in Los Angeles because, "there was not enough time to prepare for such an operation".^[149]^[150] Bin Laden provided leadership and financial support for the plot, and was involved in selecting participants.^[151] Bin Laden initially selected Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar, both experienced jihadists who had fought in Bosnia. Hazmi and Mihdhar arrived in the United States in mid-January 2000. In spring 2000, Hazmi and Mihdhar took flying lessons in San Diego, California, but both spoke little English, did poorly with flying lessons, and eventually served as secondary – or "muscle" – hijackers.^[152]^[153] In late 1999, a group of men from Hamburg, Germany, arrived in Afghanistan, including Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, and Ramzi bin al-Shibh.^[154] Bin Laden selected these men because they were educated, could speak English, and had experience living in the west.^[155] New recruits were routinely screened for special skills and al-Qaeda leaders consequently discovered that Hani Hanjour already had a commercial pilot's license.^[156] Hanjour arrived in San Diego on December 8, 2000, joining Hazmi.^[157] They soon left for Arizona, where Hanjour took refresher training. Marwan al-Shehhi arrived at the end of May 2000, while Atta arrived on June 3, 2000, and Jarrah arrived on June 27, 2000. Bin al-Shibh applied several times for a visa to the United States, but as a Yemeni, he was rejected out of concerns he would overstay his visa and remain as an illegal immigrant. Bin al-Shibh stayed in Hamburg, providing coordination between Atta and Mohammed. The three Hamburg cell members all took pilot training in South Florida. In spring 2001, the secondary hijackers began arriving in the United States.^[158] In July 2001, Atta met with bin al-Shibh in Spain, where they coordinated details of the plot, including final target selection. Bin al-Shibh also passed along bin Laden's wish for the attacks to be carried out as soon as possible.^[159] Aftermath Immediate response Three high-level politicians and a General, all displaying grim facial expressions, flank the main speaker. Eight hours after the attacks, Donald Rumsfeld, then U.S. Secretary of Defense, declares "The Pentagon is functioning." See also: Airport security repercussions due to the September 11 attacks, Closings and cancellations following the September 11 attacks, Aftermath of the September 11 attacks, Reactions to the September 11 attacks, U.S. government response to the September 11 attacks, and U.S. military response during the September 11 attacks At 8:32 a.m., Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) officials were notified Flight 11 had been hijacked and they in turn notified the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). NORAD scrambled two F-15s from Otis Air National Guard Base in Massachusetts and they were airborne by 8:53 a.m.^[160] Because of slow and confused communication from FAA officials, NORAD had 9 minutes' notice that Flight 11 had been hijacked, and no notice about any of the other flights before they crashed.^[160] After both of the Twin Towers had already been hit, more fighters were scrambled from Langley Air Force Base in Virginia at 9:30 a.m.^[160] At 10:20 a.m. Vice President Dick Cheney issued orders to shoot down any commercial aircraft that could be positively identified as being hijacked. However, these instructions were not relayed in time for the fighters to take action.^[160]^[161]^[162]^[163] Some fighters took to the air without live ammunition, knowing that to prevent the hijackers from striking their intended targets, the pilots might have to intercept and crash their fighters into the hijacked planes, possibly ejecting at the last moment.^[164] For the first time in U.S. history, SCATANA was invoked, closing all airspace and immediately grounding all non-emergency civilian aircraft in the United States, Canada, and several other countries,^[165] thus stranding tens of thousands of passengers across the world.^[166] The Federal Aviation Administration closed American airspace to all international flights, causing about five hundred flights to be turned back or redirected to other countries. Canada received 226 of the diverted flights and launched Operation Yellow Ribbon to deal with the large numbers of grounded planes and stranded passengers.^[167] The 9/11 attacks had immediate effects upon the American people.^[168] Police and rescue workers from around the country took leaves of absence, traveling to New York City to help recover bodies from the twisted remnants of the Twin Towers.^[169] Blood donations across the U.S. surged in the weeks after 9/11.^[170]^[171] The deaths of adults who were killed in the attacks or died in rescue operations resulted in over 3,000 children losing a parent.^[172] Subsequent studies documented children's reactions to these actual losses and to feared losses of life, the protective environment in the aftermath of the attacks, and effects on surviving caregivers.^[173]^[174]^[175] Military operations following the attacks See also: War on Terror At 2:40 p.m. in the afternoon of September 11, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld was issuing rapid orders to his aides to look for evidence of Iraqi involvement. According to notes taken by senior policy official Stephen Cambone, Rumsfeld asked for, "Best info fast. Judge whether good enough hit S.H." (Saddam Hussein) "at same time. Not only UBL" (Osama bin Laden).^[176] Cambone's notes quoted Rumsfeld as saying, "Need to move swiftly – Near term target needs – go massive – sweep it all up. Things related and not."^[177]^[178] A line of soldiers carrying equipment on their backs walking toward a transport helicopter in desert terrain U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan The NATO council declared the attacks on the United States were an attack on all NATO nations which satisfied Article 5 of the NATO charter. This marked the first invocation of Article 5, which had been written during the Cold War with an attack by the Soviet Union in mind.^[179] Australian Prime Minister John Howard who was in Washington D.C. during the attacks invoked Article IV of the ANZUS treaty.^[180] The Bush administration announced a War on Terror, with the stated goals of bringing bin Laden and al-Qaeda to justice and preventing the emergence of other terrorist networks. These goals would be accomplished by imposing economic and military sanctions against states harboring terrorists, and increasing global surveillance and intelligence sharing. On September 14, 2001, the U.S. Congress passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists. Still in effect, it grants the President the authority to use all "necessary and appropriate force" against those whom he determined "planned, authorized, committed or aided" the September 11th attacks, or who harbored said persons or groups. On October 7, 2001, the War in Afghanistan began when U.S. and British forces initiated aerial bombing campaigns targeting Taliban and al-Qaeda camps, then later invaded Afghanistan with ground troops of the Special Forces. The overthrow of the Taliban rule of Afghanistan by a U.S.-led coalition was the second-biggest operation of the U.S. Global War on Terrorism outside of the United States, and the largest directly connected to terrorism. Conflict in Afghanistan between the Taliban insurgency and the International Security Assistance Force is ongoing. The Philippines and Indonesia, among other nations with their own internal conflicts with Islamic terrorism, also increased their military readiness.^[181]^[182] American response Sorry, your browser either has JavaScript disabled or does not have any supported player. You can download the clip or download a player to play the clip in your browser. At a joint session of Congress, President Bush pledges to defend America's freedom against the fear of terrorism, September 20, 2001 (audio only). Following the attacks, President Bush's approval rating soared to 90%.^[183] On September 20, 2001 he addressed the nation and a joint session of the United States Congress regarding the events of September 11 and the subsequent nine days of rescue and recovery efforts, and described his intended response to the attacks. New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani's highly visible role won him high praise in New York and nationally.^[184] Many relief funds were immediately set up to assist victims of the attacks, with the task of providing financial assistance to the survivors of the attacks and to the families of victims. By the deadline for victim's compensation on September 11, 2003, 2,833 applications had been received from the families of those who were killed.^[185] Statement by President Bush in his Address to the Nation Sorry, your browser either has JavaScript disabled or does not have any supported player. You can download the clip or download a player to play the clip in your browser. George W. Bush's address to the people of the United States, September 11, 2001, 8:30 pm EDT. __________________________________________________________________ Problems playing this file? See media help. Contingency plans for the continuity of government and the evacuation of leaders were implemented almost immediately after the attacks.^[166] However, Congress was not told that the United States had been under a continuity of government status until February 2002.^[186] In the largest restructuring of the U.S. government in contemporary history, the United States enacted the Homeland Security Act of 2002, creating the Department of Homeland Security. Congress also passed the USA PATRIOT Act, saying it would help detect and prosecute terrorism and other crimes.^[187] Civil liberties groups have criticized the PATRIOT Act, saying it allows law enforcement to invade the privacy of citizens and that it eliminates judicial oversight of law enforcement and domestic intelligence.^[188]^[189]^[190] In an effort to effectively combat future acts of terrorism, the National Security Agency (NSA) was given broad powers. NSA commenced warrantless surveillance of telecommunications which was sometimes criticized since it permitted the agency "to eavesdrop on telephone and e-mail communications between the United States and people overseas without a warrant".^[191] Hate crimes Numerous incidents of harassment and hate crimes against Muslims and South Asians were reported in the days following the 9/11 attacks.^[192]^[dead link]^[193]^[194]^[dead link] Sikhs were also targeted because Sikh males usually wear turbans, which are stereotypically associated with Muslims. There were reports of attacks on mosques and other religious buildings (including the firebombing of a Hindu temple), and assaults on people, including one murder: Balbir Singh Sodhi, a Sikh mistaken for a Muslim, was fatally shot on September 15, 2001, in Mesa, Arizona.^[194] According to an academic study, people perceived to be Middle Eastern were as likely to be victims of hate crimes as followers of Islam during this time. The study also found a similar increase in hate crimes against people who may have been perceived as Muslims, Arabs and others thought to be of Middle Eastern origin.^[195]^[dead link] A report by the South Asian American advocacy group known as South Asian Americans Leading Together, documented media coverage of 645 bias incidents against Americans of South Asian or Middle Eastern descent between September 11 and 17. Various crimes such as vandalism, arson, assault, shootings, harassment, and threats in numerous places were documented.^[196]^[dead link]^[197] Muslim American response Muslim organizations in the United States were swift to condemn the attacks and called "upon Muslim Americans to come forward with their skills and resources to help alleviate the sufferings of the affected people and their families".^[198] These organizations included the Islamic Society of North America, American Muslim Alliance, American Muslim Council, Council on American-Islamic Relations, Islamic Circle of North America, and the Shari'a Scholars Association of North America. Along with monetary donations, many Islamic organizations launched blood drives and provided medical assistance, food, and shelter for victims.^[199]^[200]^[201] International response See also: Reactions to the September 11 attacks Vladimir Putin and his wife attending a commemoration service for the victims of the September 11 attacks, November 16, 2001 The attacks were denounced by mass media and governments worldwide. Across the globe, nations offered pro-American support and solidarity.^[202] Leaders in most Middle Eastern countries, and Afghanistan, condemned the attacks. Iraq was a notable exception, with an immediate official statement that, "the American cowboys are reaping the fruit of their crimes against humanity".^[203]^[dead link] While the government of Saudi Arabia officially condemned the attacks, privately many Saudis favored bin Laden's cause.^[204]^[205] As in the United States, the aftermath of the attacks saw tensions increase in other countries between Muslims and non-Muslims.^[206] United Nations Security Council Resolution 1368 condemned the attacks, and expressed readiness to take all necessary steps to respond and combat all forms of terrorism in accordance with their Charter.^[207] Numerous countries introduced anti-terrorism legislation and froze bank accounts they suspected of al-Qaeda ties.^[208]^[209] Law enforcement and intelligence agencies in a number of countries arrested alleged terrorists.^[210]^[211] Tens of thousands of people attempted to flee Afghanistan following the attacks, fearing a response by the United States. Pakistan, already home to many Afghan refugees from previous conflicts, closed its border with Afghanistan on September 17, 2001. Approximately one month after the attacks, the United States led a broad coalition of international forces to overthrow the Taliban regime from Afghanistan for their harboring of al-Qaeda.^[212]^[dead link] Though Pakistani authorities were initially reluctant to align themselves with the United States against the Taliban, they permitted the coalition access to their military bases, and arrested and handed over to the U.S. over 600 suspected al-Qaeda members.^[213]^[214] The U.S. set up the Guantanamo Bay detention camp to hold inmates they defined as "illegal enemy combatants". The legitimacy of these detentions has been questioned by the European Union and human rights organizations.^[215]^[216]^[217] Long-term effects Economic aftermath The 9/11 attacks had a major effect on the economy of New York City. See also: Economic effects arising from the September 11 attacks The attacks had a significant economic impact on United States and world markets.^[218] The stock exchanges did not open on September 11 and remained closed until September 17. Reopening, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) fell 684 points, or 7.1%, to 8921, a record-setting one-day point decline.^[219] By the end of the week, the DJIA had fallen 1,369.7 points (14.3%), at the time its largest one-week point drop in history.^[220] In 2001 dollars, U.S. stocks lost $1.4 trillion in valuation for the week.^[220] In New York City, about 430,000 job-months and $2.8 billion dollars in wages were lost in the three months after the attacks. The economic effects were mainly on the economy's export sectors.^[221] The city's GDP was estimated to have declined by $27.3 billion for the last three months of 2001 and all of 2002. The U.S. government provided $11.2 billion in immediate assistance to the Government of New York City in September 2001, and $10.5 billion in early 2002 for economic development and infrastructure needs.^[222] U.S. deficit and debt increases 2001–08 Also hurt were small businesses in Lower Manhattan near the World Trade Center, 18,000 of which were destroyed or displaced, resulting in lost jobs and their consequent wages. Assistance was provided by Small Business Administration loans, federal government Community Development Block Grants, and Economic Injury Disaster Loans.^[222] Some 31,900,000 square feet (2,960,000 m^2) of Lower Manhattan office space was damaged or destroyed.^[223] Many wondered whether these jobs would return, and if the damaged tax base would recover.^[224] Studies of the economic effects of 9/11 show the Manhattan office real-estate market and office employment were less affected than first feared, because of the financial services industry's need for face-to-face interaction.^[225]^[226] North American air space was closed for several days after the attacks and air travel decreased upon its reopening, leading to a nearly 20% cutback in air travel capacity, and exacerbating financial problems in the struggling U.S. airline industry.^[227] The September 11 attacks also led indirectly to the U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq,^[228] as well as additional homeland security spending, totaling at least $5 trillion.^[229] Health effects See also: Health effects arising from the September 11 attacks Survivors were covered in dust after the collapse of the towers. Hundreds of thousands of tons of toxic debris containing more than 2,500 contaminants, including known carcinogens, were spread across Lower Manhattan due to the collapse of the Twin Towers.^[230]^[231] Exposure to the toxins in the debris is alleged to have contributed to fatal or debilitating illnesses among people who were at ground zero.^[232]^[233] The Bush administration ordered the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to issue reassuring statements regarding air quality in the aftermath of the attacks, citing national security, but the EPA did not determine that air quality had returned to pre-September 11 levels until June 2002.^[234] Health effects extended to residents, students, and office workers of Lower Manhattan and nearby Chinatown.^[235] Several deaths have been linked to the toxic dust, and the victims' names were included in the World Trade Center memorial.^[236] Approximately 18,000 people have been estimated to have developed illnesses as a result of the toxic dust.^[237] There is also scientific speculation that exposure to various toxic products in the air may have negative effects on fetal development. A notable children's environmental health center is currently analyzing the children whose mothers were pregnant during the WTC collapse, and were living or working nearby.^[238] A study of rescue workers released in April 2010 found that all those studied had impaired lung functions, and that 30–40% were reporting little or no improvement in persistent symptoms that started within the first year of the attack.^[239] Years after the attacks, legal disputes over the costs of illnesses related to the attacks were still in the court system. On October 17, 2006, a federal judge rejected New York City's refusal to pay for health costs for rescue workers, allowing for the possibility of numerous suits against the city.^[240] Government officials have been faulted for urging the public to return to lower Manhattan in the weeks shortly after the attacks. Christine Todd Whitman, administrator of the EPA in the aftermath of the attacks, was heavily criticized by a U.S. District Judge for incorrectly saying that the area was environmentally safe.^[241] Mayor Giuliani was criticized for urging financial industry personnel to return quickly to the greater Wall Street area.^[242] The United States Congress passed the James L. Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act on December 22, 2010, and President Barack Obama signed the act into law on January 2, 2011. It allocated $4.2 billion to create the World Trade Center Health Program, which provides testing and treatment for people suffering from long-term health problems related to the 9/11 attacks.^[243]^[244] The WTC Health Program replaced preexisting 9/11-related health programs such as the Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program and the WTC Environmental Health Center program.^[244] Government policies toward terrorism As a result of the attacks, many governments across the world passed legislation to combat terrorism.^[245] In Germany, where several of the 9/11 terrorists had resided and taken advantage of that country's liberal asylum policies, two major anti-terrorism packages were enacted. The first removed legal loopholes that permitted terrorists to live and raise money in Germany. The second addressed the effectiveness and communication of intelligence and law enforcement.^[246] Canada passed the Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act, that nation's first anti-terrorism law.^[247] The United Kingdom passed the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 and the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005.^[248]^[249] New Zealand enacted the Terrorism Suppression Act 2002.^[250] In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security was created to coordinate domestic anti-terrorism efforts. The USA Patriot Act gave the federal government greater powers, including the authority to detain foreign terror suspects for a week without charge, to monitor telephone communications, e-mail, and Internet use by terror suspects, and to prosecute suspected terrorists without time restrictions. The Federal Aviation Administration ordered that airplane cockpits be reinforced to prevent terrorists gaining control of planes, and assigned sky marshals to flights. Further, the Aviation and Transportation Security Act made the federal government, rather than airports, responsible for airport security. The law created a federal security force to inspect passengers and luggage, causing long delays and concern over passenger privacy.^[251] Cultural impact See also: List of cultural references to the September 11 attacks and List of entertainment affected by the September 11 attacks The impact of 9/11 extends beyond geopolitics into society and culture in general. Immediate responses to 9/11 included greater focus on home life and time spent with family, higher church attendance, and increased expressions of patriotism such as the flying of flags.^[252] The radio industry responded by removing certain songs from playlists, and the attacks have subsequently been used as background, narrative or thematic elements in film, television, music and literature. Already-running television shows as well as programs developed after 9/11 have reflected post-9/11 cultural concerns.^[253] 9/11 conspiracy theories have become social phenomena, despite negligible support for such views from expert scientists, engineers, and historians.^[254] 9/11 has also had a major impact on the religious faith of many individuals; for some it strengthened, to find consolation to cope with the loss of loved ones and overcome their grief; others started to question their faith or lost it entirely, because they couldn't reconcile it with their view of religion.^[255]^[256] The culture of America succeeding the attacks is noted for heightened security and an increased demand thereof, as well as paranoia and anxiety regarding future terrorist attacks that includes most of the nation. Psychologists have also confirmed that there has been an increased amount of national anxiety in commercial air travel.^[257] Investigations FBI investigation A head shot of a man in his thirties looking expressionless toward the camera Mohamed Atta, an Egyptian national, was the ringleader of the hijackers. Immediately after the attacks, the Federal Bureau of Investigation started PENTTBOM, the largest criminal inquiry in the history of the United States. At its height, more than half of the FBI's agents worked on the investigation and followed a half-million leads.^[258] The FBI concluded that there was "clear and irrefutable" evidence linking al-Qaeda and bin Laden to the attacks.^[259] The FBI was quickly able to identify the hijackers, including leader Mohamed Atta, when his luggage was discovered at Boston's Logan Airport. Atta had been forced to check two of his three bags due to space limitations on the 19-seat commuter flight he took to Boston.^[260] Due to a new policy instituted to prevent flight delays, the luggage failed to make it aboard American Airlines Flight 11 as planned. The luggage contained the hijackers' names, assignments and al-Qaeda connections. "It had all these Arab-language (sic) papers that amounted to the Rosetta stone of the investigation", said one FBI agent.^[261] Within hours of the attacks, the FBI released the names and in many cases the personal details of the suspected pilots and hijackers.^[262]^[263] By midday, the U.S. National Security Agency and German intelligence agencies had intercepted communications pointing to Osama bin Laden.^[264]^[265] On September 27, 2001, the FBI released photos of the 19 hijackers, along with information about possible nationalities and aliases.^[266] Fifteen of the men were from Saudi Arabia, two from the United Arab Emirates, one (Atta) from Egypt, and one from Lebanon.^[267] Promoted Content Promoted icon finnish.gif Seeing ads? Wikimedia is experimenting with a new ad program. Add your thoughts here. CAPTION: Origins of the 19 hijackers Nationality Number Saudi Arabia 15 United Arab Emirates 2 Egypt 1 Lebanon 1 9/11 Commission See also: 9/11 Commission The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission), chaired by former New Jersey Governor Thomas Kean, was formed in late 2002 to prepare a thorough account of the circumstances surrounding the attacks, including preparedness for and the immediate response to the attacks.^[268] On July 22, 2004, the 9/11 Commission issued the 9/11 Commission Report. The report detailed the events of 9/11, found the attacks were carried out by members of al-Qaeda, and examined how security and intelligence agencies were inadequately coordinated to prevent the attacks. Formed from an independent bipartisan group of mostly former Senators, Representatives, and Governors, the commissioners explained, "We believe the 9/11 attacks revealed four kinds of failures: in imagination, policy, capabilities, and management".^[269] The commission made numerous recommendations on how to prevent future attacks, and in 2011 was dismayed that several of its recommendations had yet to be implemented.^[270] Collapse of the World Trade Center Main articles: Collapse of the World Trade Center and 7 World Trade Center#9/11 and collapse The exterior support columns from the lower level of the south tower remained standing after the building collapsed. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) investigated the collapses of the Twin Towers and 7 WTC. The investigations examined why the buildings collapsed and what fire protection measures were in place, and evaluated how fire protection systems might be improved in future construction.^[271] The investigation into the collapse of 1 WTC and 2 WTC was concluded in October 2005 and that of 7 WTC was completed in August 2008.^[272] NIST found that the fireproofing on the Twin Towers' steel infrastructures was blown off by the initial impact of the planes and that, had this not occurred, the towers likely would have remained standing.^[273] A 2007 study of the north tower's collapse published by researchers of Purdue University determined that, since the plane's impact had stripped off much of the structure's thermal insulation, the heat from a typical office fire would have softened and weakened the exposed girders and columns enough to initiate the collapse regardless of the number of columns cut or damaged by the impact.^[274]^[275] The director of the original investigation stated that, "the towers really did amazingly well. The terrorist aircraft didn’t bring the buildings down; it was the fire which followed. It was proven that you could take out two thirds of the columns in a tower and the building would still stand."^[276] The fires weakened the trusses supporting the floors, making the floors sag. The sagging floors pulled on the exterior steel columns causing the exterior columns to bow inward. With the damage to the core columns, the buckling exterior columns could no longer support the buildings, causing them to collapse. Additionally, the report found the towers' stairwells were not adequately reinforced to provide adequate emergency escape for people above the impact zones.^[277] NIST concluded that uncontrolled fires in 7 WTC caused floor beams and girders to heat and subsequently "caused a critical support column to fail, initiating a fire-induced progressive collapse that brought the building down".^[272] Internal review of the CIA The Inspector General of the CIA conducted an internal review of the CIA's pre-9/11 performance and was harshly critical of senior CIA officials for not doing everything possible to confront terrorism. He criticized their failure to stop two of the 9/11 hijackers, Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar, as they entered the United States and their failure to share information on the two men with the FBI.^[278] In May 2007, senators from both major U.S. political parties drafted legislation to make the review public. One of the backers, Senator Ron Wyden said, "The American people have a right to know what the Central Intelligence Agency was doing in those critical months before 9/11."^[279] Rebuilding and revitalization New One World Trade Center under construction on September 21, 2012 See also: World Trade Center site and One World Trade Center On the day of the attacks, New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani proclaimed, "We will rebuild. We're going to come out of this stronger than before, politically stronger, economically stronger. The skyline will be made whole again."^[280] The damaged section of the Pentagon was rebuilt and occupied within a year of the attacks.^[281]^[dead link] The temporary World Trade Center PATH station opened in late 2003 and construction of the new 7 World Trade Center was completed in 2006. Work on rebuilding the main World Trade Center site was delayed until late 2006 when leaseholder Larry Silverstein and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey agreed on financing.^[282] One World Trade Center is currently under construction at the site and on May 20, 2013, One World Trade Center became the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere at 1,776 ft (541 m) with the installation of the spire that rests atop the building.^[283] On the World Trade Center site, three more office towers are expected to be built one block east of where the original towers stood. Construction has begun on all three of these towers; they are expected to be completed after One World Trade Center.^[284] Memorials The Tribute in Light on September 11, 2011, on the tenth anniversary of the attacks, seen from New Jersey. The building lit up in red, white, and blue is the new One World Trade Center under construction. See also: Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks In the days immediately following the attacks, many memorials and vigils were held around the world. In addition, people posted photographs of the dead and missing all around Ground Zero. A witness described being unable to "get away from faces of innocent victims who were killed. Their pictures are everywhere, on phone booths, street lights, walls of subway stations. Everything reminded me of a huge funeral, people quiet and sad, but also very nice. Before, New York gave me a cold feeling; now people were reaching out to help each other.”^[285] One of the first memorials was the Tribute in Light, an installation of 88 searchlights at the footprints of the World Trade Center towers.^[286] In New York, the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition was held to design an appropriate memorial on the site.^[287] The winning design, Reflecting Absence, was selected in August 2006, and consists of a pair of reflecting pools in the footprints of the towers, surrounded by a list of the victims' names in an underground memorial space.^[288] Plans for a museum on the site have been put on hold, following the abandonment of the International Freedom Center in reaction to complaints from the families of many victims.^[289] The Pentagon Memorial was completed and opened to the public on the seventh anniversary of the attacks in 2008.^[290]^[291] It consists of a landscaped park with 184 benches facing the Pentagon.^[292] When the Pentagon was repaired in 2001–2002, a private chapel and indoor memorial were included, located at the spot where Flight 77 crashed into the building.^[293] In Shanksville, a permanent Flight 93 National Memorial is planned to include a sculpted grove of trees forming a circle around the crash site, bisected by the plane's path, while wind chimes will bear the names of the victims.^[294] A temporary memorial is located 500 yards (457 m) from the crash site.^[295] New York City firefighters donated a cross made of steel from the World Trade Center and mounted on top of a platform shaped like the Pentagon.^[296] It was installed outside the firehouse on August 25, 2008.^[297] Many other permanent memorials are elsewhere. Scholarships and charities have been established by the victims' families, and by many other organizations and private figures.^[298] On every anniversary, in New York City, the names of the victims who died there are read out against a background of somber music. The President of the United States attends a memorial service at the Pentagon,^[299] and asks Americans to observe Patriot Day with a moment of silence. Smaller services are held in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, which are usually attended by the President's spouse. See also Portal icon September 11 attacks portal Book icon * Book: September 11 attacks * Federal Express Flight 705 – 1994 cockpit attack * Southwest Airlines Flight 1763 – August 2000 cockpit attack * Bojinka plot – plot by Ramzi Yousef and Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, foiled in 1995, to attack multiple airliners and crash a plane into the CIA headquarters Citations Notes 1. ^ 9/11 is pronounced "nine eleven". The slash is not part of the pronunciation. The name is frequently used in British English as well as American English although the dating conventions differ. References 1. ^ ^a ^b ^c "Bin Laden claims responsibility for 9/11". CBC News. October 29, 2004. Retrieved 2011-09-01. "Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden appeared in a new message aired on an Arabic TV station Friday night, for the first time claiming direct responsibility for the 2001 attacks against the United States." 2. ^ Inside 9/11: Zero Hour, National Geographic Channel documentary, 2005. 3. ^ "1 World Trade Center (Freedom Tower)". Lower Manhattan Development Corporation. Retrieved 2013-09-11. 4. ^ One World Trade Center 5. ^ ^a ^b ^c 9/11 Commission Report, pp. 4–14. 6. ^ ^a ^b "The Attack Looms". 9/11 Commission Report. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. 2004. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 7. ^ See, for example, news coverage by CNN: "Breaking News Videos from CNN.com". CNN. 8. ^ "Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 11" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. 9. ^ "Flight Path Study – United Airlines Flight 175" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. 10. ^ "Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 77" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. 11. ^ Snyder, David (April 19, 2002). "Families Hear Flight 93's Final Moments". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2013-11-12. 12. ^ "Text of Flight 93 Recording". Fox News. April 12, 2006. Retrieved 2013-11-11. 13. ^ "The Flight 93 Story". National Park Service. Retrieved 2011-09-21. 14. ^ McKinnon, Jim (September 16, 2001). "The phone line from Flight 93 was still open when a GTE operator heard Todd Beamer say: 'Are you guys ready? Let's roll'". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2011-04-10. 15. ^ "Relatives wait for news as rescuers dig". CNN. September 13, 2001. Retrieved 2013-11-11. 16. ^ Summers and Swan (2011), pp. 58, 463n, 476n. 17. ^ Wilgoren, Jodi and Edward Wong (September 13, 2001). "On Doomed Flight, Passengers Vowed To Perish Fighting". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 18. ^ Serrano, Richard A. (April 11, 2006). "Moussaoui Jury Hears the Panic From 9/11". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 19. ^ Goo, Sara Kehaulani; Eggen, Dan (January 28, 2004). "Hijackers used Mace, knives to take over airplanes". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2013-11-12. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 20. ^ Ahlers, Mike M. (January 27, 2004). "9/11 panel: Hijackers may have had utility knives". CBS News. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 21. ^ "Encore Presentation: Barbara Olson Remembered". Larry King Live (CNN). January 6, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 22. ^ "National Commission Upon Terrorist Attacks in the United States". National Commission Upon Terrorist Attacks in the United States. January 27, 2004. Retrieved 2008-01-24. 23. ^ Summers and Swan (2011), p. 343. 24. ^ ^a ^b ^c Miller, Bill (May 1, 2002). "Skyscraper Protection Might Not Be Feasible, Federal Engineers Say". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2013-11-24. 25. ^ World Trade Center Building Performance Study, Ch. 5 WTC 7 – section 5.5.4 26. ^ Final Report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Building 7, p. xxxvii. 27. ^ "Flight 77, Video 2". Judicial Watch. Retrieved 2012-04-04. 28. ^ "Profiles of 9/11 – About 9/11". The Biography Channel. A&E Television Networks. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 29. ^ Miller, Mark (August 26, 2002). "Three hours that shook America: A chronology of chaos". Broadcasting & Cable. Reed Business Information. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 30. ^ Adams, Marilyn; Levin, Alan and Morrison, Blake (August 13, 2002). "Part II: No one was sure if hijackers were on board". USA Today. Retrieved 2011-09-02. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 31. ^ Fouda and Fielding (2004), pp. 158–9. 32. ^ ^a ^b Summers and Swan (2011), p. 323. 33. ^ "Al-Qaeda 'plotted nuclear attacks'". BBC News. September 8, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 34. ^ "Winnipegger heads to NY for 9/11 memorial". CBC News. Sep 09, 2011. Retrieved 2013-11-13. "A total of 2,996 people died: 19 hijackers and 2,977 victims." 35. ^ ^a ^b "Accused 9/11 plotter Khalid Sheikh Mohammed faces New York trial". CNN. November 13, 2009. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 36. ^ "First video of Pentagon 9/11 attack released". CNN. May 16, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-09-24. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 37. ^ Stone, Andrea (August 20, 2002). "Military's aid and comfort ease 9/11 survivors' burden". USA Today. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 38. ^ ^a ^b ^c Sunder (2005), p. 48. 39. ^ National Commission on Terrorist Attacks (July 22, 2004 (first edition)). The 9/11 Commission Report. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 294. ISBN 0-393-32671-3. Check date values in: |date= (help) 40. ^ Sunder (2005), p. 46. 41. ^ Cauchon, Dennis; Moore, Martha (September 2, 2002). "Desperation forced a horrific decision". USATODAY. Retrieved 2011-09-02. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 42. ^ "Poor Info Hindered 9/11 Rescue". CBS News. May 18, 2004. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 43. ^ Grady, Denise; Revkin, Andrew C. (September 10, 2002). "Threats and responses: rescuer's health; Lung Ailments May Force 500 Firefighters Off Job". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-02. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 44. ^ "Post-9/11 report recommends police, fire response changes". USA Today. Associated Press. August 19, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 45. ^ "Police back on day-to-day beat after 9/11 nightmare". CNN. July 21, 2002. Retrieved 2013-11-12. 46. ^ Joshi, Pradnya (September 8, 2005). "Port Authority workers to be honored". Newsday. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 47. ^ "2001 Notices of Line of Duty Death". National EMS Memorial Service. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 48. ^ "Cantor rebuilds after 9/11 losses". BBC. September 4, 2006. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 49. ^ "Marsh & McLennan Companies 9/11 Memorial". Retrieved 2011-09-07. 50. ^ "Milestones of Marsh & McLennan Companies". Retrieved 2011-09-07. 51. ^ Siegel, Aaron (September 11, 2007). "Industry honors fallen on 9/11 anniversary". InvestmentNews. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 52. ^ Averill (2005), chapter "Occupant Behavior, Egress, and Emergency Communications", pp ?? 53. ^ Dwyer and Flynn (2005), p. 266. 54. ^ Dwyer, Jim; et al. (May 26, 2002). "Last Words at the Trade Center; Fighting to Live as the Towers Die". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-02. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 55. ^ Beveridge, Andrew. "9/11/01-02: A Demographic Portrait of the Victims In 10048". Gotham Gazette. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 56. ^ U.S. Department of State. A list of the countries whose citizens died as a result of the attacks on September 11, 2001. U.S. Department of State, Office of International Information Programs. 57. ^ DePalma, Anthony (May 24, 2007). "For the First Time, New York Links a Death to 9/11 Dust". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 58. ^ Foderaro, Lisa W. (September 2009). "9/11's Litany of Loss, Joined by Another Name". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 59. ^ "Alleged 9/11 Plotters Face Trial Blocks From WTC Site". WIBW. November 13, 2009. Archived from the original on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2013-11-24. 60. ^ "American Airlines Flight 11". CNN. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 61. ^ "United Airlines Flight 175". CNN. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 62. ^ "Pentagon". CNN. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 63. ^ "American Airlines Flight 77". CNN. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 64. ^ Roddy, Dennis B. (October 2001). "Flight 93: Forty lives, one destiny". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on 2006-11-30. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 65. ^ "Source: Hijacking suspects linked to Afghanistan". CNN. September 30, 2001. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 66. ^ "Ground Zero Forensic Work Ends". CBS News. February 23, 2005. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 67. ^ Andrade, Beaulieu (August 25, 2011). "Scientists still struggle to identify 9/11 remains". Agence France Presse – English. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 68. ^ Lemre, Jonathan (August 24, 2011). "Remains of WTC worker Ernest James, 40, ID'd ten years after 9/11". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2012-04-10. 69. ^ ^a ^b Cuza, Bobby (June 11, 2011). "9/11 A Decade Later: DNA Matching Efforts To Continue At WTC Site". NY1. Retrieved 2011-09-21. 70. ^ World Trade Center victim identified Newsday September 16, 2013 71. ^ ^a ^b "World Trade Center Building Performance Study". FEMA. May 2002. Archived from the original on 2010-09-18. Retrieved 2011-09-03. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 72. ^ ^a ^b Summers and Swan (2011), p. 75. 73. ^ Chaban, Matt (02-09). "130 Liberty Finally Gone from Ground Zero". The New York Observer. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Check date values in: |date= (help) 74. ^ World Trade Center Building Performance Study – Bankers Trust Building, pp ?? 75. ^ "The Deutsche Bank Building at 130 Liberty Street". Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 76. ^ "Lower Manhattan – Fiterman Hall". LowerManhattan.info. July 1, 2007. Archived from the original on 2010-05-22. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 77. ^ "Verizon Building Restoration". New York Construction (McGraw Hill). Archived from the original on 2010-05-22. Retrieved 2011-09-02. 78. ^ World Trade Center Building Performance Study – Peripheral Buildings, pp. ?? 79. ^ Bloomfield, Larry (October 1, 2001). "New York broadcasters rebuild". Broadcast Engineering. Archived from the original on 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 80. ^ The Pentagon Building Performance Report, pp. ?? 81. ^ Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 77, pp. ?? 82. ^ American Airlines Flight 77 FDR Report, pp. ?? 83. ^ ^a ^b Goldberg (2007), p. 17. 84. ^ Maclean, John N (June 1, 2008). "America Under Attack: A chronicle of chaos and heroism at the Pentagon". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 85. ^ ^a ^b McKinsey Report, "Emergency Medical Service response", pp. ?? 86. ^ ^a ^b McKinsey Report, "Executive Summary", pp. ?? 87. ^ McKinsey Report, Exhibit 7, "Fire Apparatus Deployment on September 11" 88. ^ ^a ^b Alavosius and Rodriquez (2005), pp. 666–680. 89. ^ McKinsey Report, "NYPD", pp. ?? 90. ^ "Ceremony closes 'Ground Zero' cleanup". CNN. May 30, 2002. Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2013-11-24. 91. ^ "Al-Qaeda's origins and links". BBC News. July 20, 2004. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 92. ^ Gunaratna (2002), pp. 23–33. 93. ^ "Bin Laden's fatwā (1996)". PBS. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 94. ^ ^a ^b ^c "Al Qaeda's 1998 fatwā". PBS NewsHour. Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 95. ^ "Pakistan inquiry orders Bin Laden family to remain". BBC. July 6, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 96. ^ ^a ^b "Full transcript of bin Ladin's speech". Al Jazeera. November 2, 2004. Archived from the original on 2007-04-10. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 97. ^ "Pakistan to Demand Taliban Give Up Bin Laden as Iran Seals Afghan Border". Fox News Channel. September 16, 2001. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 98. ^ "Bin Laden on tape: Attacks 'benefited Islam greatly'". CNN. December 14, 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-12-27. Retrieved 2013-11-24. "Reveling in the details of the fatal attacks, bin Laden brags in Arabic that he knew about them beforehand and says the destruction went beyond his hopes. He says the attacks "benefited Islam greatly"." 99. ^ "Transcript: Bin Laden video excerpts". BBC News. December 27, 2001. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 100. ^ Michael, Maggie (October 29, 2004). "Bin Laden, in statement to U.S. people, says he ordered Sept. 11 attacks". SignOnSanDiego.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 101. ^ "Al-Jazeera: Bin Laden tape obtained in Pakistan". MSNBC. October 30, 2004. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 102. ^ "Bin Laden 9/11 planning video aired". CBC News. September 7, 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 103. ^ Clewley, Robin (September 27, 2001). "How Osama Cracked FBI's Top 10". Wired. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 104. ^ "USAMA BIN LADEN". FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 2011-09-10. 105. ^ Baker, Peter; Cooper, Helene (May 1, 2011). "Bin Laden Is Dead, President Obama Says". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-03. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 106. ^ Cooper, Helene (May 1, 2011). "Obama Announces Killing of Osama bin Laden". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 107. ^ "'We left out nuclear targets, for now'". The Guardian (London). March 4, 2003. Archived from the original on 2008-03-02. Retrieved 2011-09-03. "Yosri Fouda of the Arabic television channel al-Jazeera is the only journalist to have interviewed Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the al-Qaeda military commander arrested at the weekend. Here he describes the two-day encounter with him and his fellow organiser of September 11, Ramzi bin al- Shibh: [...] Summoning every thread of experience and courage, I looked Khalid in the eye and asked: ‘Did you do it?’ The reference to September 11 was implicit. Khalid responded with little fanfare: ‘I am the head of the al-Qaeda military committee,’ he began, ‘and Ramzi is the coordinator of the Holy Tuesday operation. And yes, we did it.’" 108. ^ Leonard, Tom; Spillius, Alex (October 10, 2008). "Alleged 9/11 mastermind wants to confess to plot". London: Telegraph. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 109. ^ ^a ^b "September 11 suspect 'confesses'". Al Jazeera. March 15, 2007. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 110. ^ 9/11 Commission Report (2004), p. 147. 111. ^ "White House power grabs". The Washington Times. August 26, 2009. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 112. ^ Van Voris, Bob; Hurtado, Patricia (April 4, 2011). "Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Terror Indictment Unsealed, Dismissed". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 2011-09-03. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 113. ^ Shannon, Elaine; Weisskopf, Michael (March 24, 2003). "Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Names Names". TIME. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 114. ^ Nichols, Michelle (May 8, 2008). "US judge orders CIA to turn over 'torture' memo-ACLU". Reuters. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 115. ^ "Key 9/11 suspect 'admits guilt'". BBC News. March 15, 2007. Retrieved 2012-04-10. 116. ^ "Substitution for Testimony of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed" (PDF). United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. United States Department of Justice. 2006. p. 24. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 117. ^ "Spain jails 18 al-Qaeda operatives". The Age (Melbourne). September 27, 2005. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 118. ^ Naughton, Philippe (June 1, 2006). "Spanish court quashes 9/11 conviction". The Times. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 119. ^ Summers and Swan (2011), p. 489n. 120. ^ Youssef, Maamoun (May 24, 2006). "Bin Laden: Moussaoui Not Linked to 9/11". Washington Post. 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February 23, 1998. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 134. ^ ^a ^b Yusufzai, Rahimullah (September 26, 2001). "Face to face with Osama". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 2011-09-03. 135. ^ Pape, Robert A. (2005). Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-8129-7338-0. 136. ^ Text of the 1998 fatwā; translation by PBS 137. ^ See also the 1998 Al-Qaeda fatwā: "The ruling to kill the Americans and their allies – civilians and military – is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque and the holy mosque [Mecca] from their grip, and in order for their armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim." Quoted from Text of the 1998 fatwā; translation by PBS 138. ^ Summers and Swan (2011), pp. 211, 506n. 139. ^ Lawrence (2005), p. 239. 140. ^ online here) 141. ^ In his taped broadcast from January 2010, Bin Laden said "Our attacks against you [the United States] will continue as long as U.S. support for Israel continues. ... The message sent to you with the attempt by the hero Nigerian Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab is a confirmation of our previous message conveyed by the heroes of September 11". Quoted from "Bin Laden: Attacks on U.S. to go on as long as it supports Israel", in Haaretz.com 142. ^ Rockmore, Tom (April 21, 2011). Before and After 9/11: A Philosophical Examination of Globalization, Terror. ISBN 978-1-4411-1892-9. Retrieved 2011-09-11. 143. ^ Bernard Lewis, 2004. In Bernard Lewis's 2004 book The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror, he argues that animosity toward the West is best understood with the decline of the once powerful Ottoman empire, compounded by the import of western ideas — Arab socialism, Arab liberalism and Arab secularism. During the past three centuries, according to this interpretation, the Islamic world has lost its dominance and its leadership, and has fallen behind both the modern West and the rapidly modernizing Orient. The resulting, widening gap poses increasingly acute problems, both practical and emotional, for which the rulers, thinkers, and rebels of Islam have not yet found effective answers. 144. ^ In an essay titled "The spirit of terrorism", Jean Baudrillard described 9/11 as the first global event that "questions the very process of globalization". Baudrillard. "The spirit of terrorism". Retrieved 2011-06-26. 145. ^ In an essay entitled "Somebody Else's Civil War", Michael Scott Doran argues the attacks are best understood as part of a religious conflict within the Muslim world and that Bin Laden's followers "consider themselves an island of true believers surrounded by a sea of iniquity". Hoping that U.S. retaliation would unite the faithful against the West, bin Laden sought to spark revolutions in Arab nations and elsewhere. Doran argues the Osama bin Laden videos attempt to provoke a visceral reaction in the Middle East and ensure that Muslim citizens would react as violently as possible to an increase in U.S. involvement in their region. ("Somebody Else's Civil War". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2009-12-05. Reprinted in Hoge, James F.; Rose, Gideon (2005). Understanding the War on Terror. New York: Norton. pp. 72–75. ISBN 978-0-87609-347-4. ) 146. ^ In The Osama bin Laden I Know, Peter Bergen argues the attacks were part of a plan to cause the United States to increase its military and cultural presence in the Middle East, thereby forcing Muslims to confront the idea of a non-Muslim government and to eventually establish conservative Islamic governments in the region.(Bergen (2006), p. 229.) 147. ^ "Suspect 'reveals 9/11 planning'". BBC News. September 22, 2003. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 148. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d 9/11 Commission Report, Chapter 5, pp ?? 149. ^ Lichtblau, Eric (March 20, 2003). "Bin Laden Chose 9/11 Targets, Al Qaeda Leader Says". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-03. 150. ^ Wright (2006), p. 308. 151. ^ Bergen (2006), p. 283. 152. ^ Wright (2006), pp. 309–315. 153. ^ McDermott (2005), pp. 191–2. 154. ^ Bernstein, Richard (September 10, 2002). "On Path to the U.S. Skies, Plot Leader Met bin Laden". New York Times. 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"Article 5: The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. / Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security." 180. ^ "ABC Conversations with Richard Fidler John Howard Interview Transcript". ABC.net. 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From an engineering perspective, impact damage to the core structure had a negligible effect on the critical thermal load required to initiate collapse in the core structure." 275. ^ Tally, Steve (June 12, 2007). "Purdue creates scientifically based animation of 9/11 attack". Purdue News Service. Retrieved 2011-09-04. "The aircraft moved through the building as if it were a hot and fast lava flow," Sozen says. "Consequently, much of the fireproofing insulation was ripped off the structure. Even if all of the columns and girders had survived the impact – an unlikely event – the structure would fail as the result of a buckling of the columns. The heat from an ordinary office fire would suffice to soften and weaken the unprotected steel. Evaluation of the effects of the fire on the core column structure, with the insulation removed by the impact, showed that collapse would follow whatever the number of columns cut at the time of the impact." 276. ^ Sigmund, Pete (September 25, 2002). "Building a Terror-Proof Skyscraper: Experts Debate Feasibility, Options". Retrieved 2012-04-11. 277. ^ "Translating WTC Recommendations Into Model Building Codes". National Institute of Standards and Technology. October 25, 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-03-10. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 278. ^ "Deep Background". American Conservative. April 1, 2005. Retrieved 2012-04-11. 279. ^ Shrader, Katherine (May 17, 2007). "Senators Want CIA to Release 9/11 Report". San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 280. ^ Taylor, Tess (September 26, 2001). "Rebuilding in New York" (68). Architecture Week. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 281. ^ Oglesby, Christy (September 11, 2002). "Phoenix rises: Pentagon honors 'hard-hat patriots'". CNN. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 282. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (September 22, 2006). "An Agreement Is Formalized on Rebuilding at Ground Zero". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 283. ^ Dunlap, David W.; Collins, Glenn (June 28, 2006). "Revised Design for Freedom Tower Unveiled". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-04. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 284. ^ "Lower Manhattan: Current Construction". Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 285. ^ Sigmund, Pete. "Crews Assist Rescuers in Massive WTC Search". Construction Equipment Guide. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 286. ^ "Tribute in light to New York victims". BBC News. March 6, 2002. Retrieved 2012-04-01. 287. ^ "About the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition". World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 288. ^ unknown; Associated Press (March 6, 2006). "WTC Memorial Construction Begins". CBS News. Retrieved 2011-09-04. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 289. ^ Dunlap, David (September 25, 2005). "Governor Bars Freedom Center at Ground Zero". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 290. ^ Miroff, Nick (September 11, 2008). "Creating a Place Like No Other". The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). Retrieved 2011-09-04. 291. ^ Miroff, Nick (September 12, 2008). "A Long-Awaited Opening, Bringing Closure to Many". The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). Retrieved 2011-09-04. 292. ^ Dwyer, Timothy (May 26, 2007). "Pentagon Memorial Progress Is Step Forward for Families". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 293. ^ "DefenseLINK News Photos – Pentagon's America's Heroes Memorial". Department of Defense. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 294. ^ Unknown; Associated Press (September 8, 2005). "Sept. 11 Flight 93 Memorial Design Chosen". Fox News. Retrieved 2011-09-04. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) 295. ^ "Flight 93 Memorial Project". Flight 93 Memorial Project / National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 296. ^ Nephin, Dan (August 24, 2008). "Steel cross goes up near flight's 9/11 Pa. crash site". Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 297. ^ Gaskell, Stephanie (August 25, 2008). "Pa. site of 9/11 crash gets WTC beam". New York Daily news. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 298. ^ Fessenden, Ford (November 18, 2002). "9/11; After the World Gave: Where $2 Billion in Kindness Ended Up". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-04. 299. ^ Newman, Andy (September 11, 2010). "At a Memorial Ceremony, Loss and Tension". The New York Times. Sources * "Chapter 1.1: 'We Have Some Planes': Inside the Four Flights" (PDF). 9/11 Commission Report. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. 2004. * Alavosius, Mark P.; Rodriquez, Nischal J. (2005). "Unity of Purpose/Unity of Effort: Private-Sector Preparedness in Times of Terror". Disaster Prevention & Management 14 (5): 666. doi:10.1108/09653560510634098. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * "American Airlines Flight 77 FDR Report" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. January 31, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-03. * Averill, Jason D. (2005). Final Reports of the Federal Building and Fire Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Archived from the original on 2009-05-09. Retrieved 2011-09-02. * Bergen, Peter L. (2001). Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama Bin Laden. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-3467-2. * Bergen, Peter (2006). The Osama Bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of Al Qaeda's Leader. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-9592-5. * Berner, Brad (2007). The World According to Al Qaeda. Peacock Books. ISBN 978-81-248-0114-7. * Dwyer, Jim; Flynn, Kevin (2005). 102 Minutes. Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-7682-0. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * "Final Report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Building 7" (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology. November 2008. Retrieved 2012-04-11. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * "Flight Path Study – American Airlines Flight 77" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-03. * Fouda, Yosri; Fielding, Nick (2004). Masterminds of Terror: The Truth Behind the Most Devastating Terrorist Attack the World Has Ever Seen. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55970-717-6. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Goldberg, Alfred (2007). Pentagon 9/11. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-16-078328-9. * Gunaratna, Ronan (2002). Inside Al Qaeda: global network of terror. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12692-2. * Holmes, Stephen (2006). "Al Qaeda, September 11, 2001". In Diego Gambetta. Making sense of suicide missions. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929797-9. * Ibrahim, Raymond; Osama Bin Laden (2007). The Al Qaeda reader. Random House Digital, Inc. ISBN 978-0-385-51655-6. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Kelley, Christopher (2006). Executing the Constitution: putting the president back into the Constitution. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-6727-5. * Keppel, Gilles; Milelli, Jean-Pierre and Ghazaleh, Pascale (2008). Al Qaeda in its own words. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02804-3. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Kushner, Harvey (2003). Encyclopedia of terrorism. SAGE. ISBN 978-0-7619-2408-1. * Lawrence, Bruce; Bruce Lawrence (2005). Messages to the world: the statements of Osama Bin Laden. Verso. ISBN 978-1-84467-045-1. Retrieved 2011. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * McDermott, Terry (2005). Perfect Soldiers: The 9/11 Hijackers. HarperCollins. pp. 191–192. ISBN 978-0-06-058470-2. * "McKinsey Report". FDNY / McKinsey & Company. August 9, 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-25. * Mearsheimer, John J. (2007). The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-374-17772-0. * Murdico, Suzanne (2003). Osama Bin Laden. Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8239-4467-5. * "The Pentagon Building Performance Report" (PDF). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). January 2003. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2011-09-03. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Summers, Anthony; Swan, Robbyn (2011). The Eleventh Day: The Full Story of 9/11 and Osama Bin Laden. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 1-4000-6659-X. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Sunder, Shyam S. (2005). Final Report on the Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Retrieved 2011-09-02. * "World Trade Center Building Performance Study – Bankers Trust Building" (PDF). FEMA. May 2002. Retrieved 2007-07-12. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * "World Trade Center Building Performance Study – Peripheral Buildings" (PDF). FEMA. May 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-03. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * "World Trade Center Building Performance Study" (PDF). Ch. 5 WTC 7 – section 5.5.4. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2002. Retrieved 2011-09-02. * Wright, Lawrence (2006). The Looming Tower|The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-41486-2. Further reading * "The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States". National Commission O Terrorist Attacks (Cosimo, Inc). July 30, 2010. ISBN 978-1-61640-219-8. * Atkins, Stephen E (2011). The 9/11 Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-921-9. * Bolton, M. Kent (2006). U.S. National Security and Foreign Policymaking After 9/11: Present at the Re-creation. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-5900-4. * Caraley, Demetrios (2002). September 11, terrorist attacks, and U.S. foreign policy. Academy of Political Science. ISBN 978-1-884853-01-2. * Chernick, Howard (2005). Resilient city: the economic impact of 9/11. Russell Sage Foundation. ISBN 978-0-87154-170-3. * Damico, Amy M; Quay, Sara E. (2010). September 11 in Popular Culture: A Guide. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-35505-9. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Hampton, Wilborn (2003). September 11, 2001: attack on New York City. Candlewick Press. ISBN 978-0-7636-1949-7. * Langley, Andrew (2006). September 11: Attack on America. Compass Point Books. ISBN 978-0-7565-1620-8. * Neria, Yuval; Gross, Raz; Marshall, Randall D.; Susser, Ezra S. (2006). 9/11: mental health in the wake of terrorist attacks. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83191-8. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help) * Strasser, Steven; Whitney, Craig R; United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence, National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (2004). The 9/11 investigations: staff reports of the 9/11 Commission: excerpts from the House-Senate joint inquiry report on 9/11: testimony from fourteen key witnesses, including Richard Clarke, George Tenet, and Condoleezza Rice. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-279-4. External links General Find more about September 11 at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions and translations from Wiktionary Media from Commons Learning resources from Wikiversity Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks * National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States official commission website * National September 11th Memorial and Museum – List of victims * September 11, 2001, Documentary Project from the U.S. Library of Congress, Memory.loc.gov * September 11, 2001, Web Archive from the U.S. Library of Congress, Minerva * The September 11th Sourcebooks from The National Security Archive * September 11 Digital Archive: Saving the Histories of September 11, 2001 from the Center for History and New Media and the American Social History Project/Center for Media and Learning * DoD: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10024, From WikiSource Multimedia * Understanding 9/11 – A Television News Archive at Internet Archive * CNN.com – Video archive, including the first and second planes. * Remembering 9/11 – National Geographic Society * Latest video of Sept 9/11 attack emerges published by International Business Times HK * Time.com – 'Shattered: a remarkable collection of photographs', James Nachtwey * September 11, 2001 Screenshot Archive – Database of 230 screenshots from news sites around the world. * September 11 attacks in the Newseum archive of front page images from 2001-09-12. Links to related articles * v * t * e September 11 attacks Timeline * Planning * September 11, 2001 * World Trade Center collapse * Remainder of September * October * Post-October Victims * Casualties Hijacked airliners * American Airlines Flight 11 * United Airlines Flight 175 * American Airlines Flight 77 * United Airlines Flight 93 * Suspected hijackings + Korean Air Flight 85 + Delta Air Lines Flight 1989 Crash sites * World Trade Center * The Pentagon * Stonycreek / Shanksville, Pennsylvania Aftermath * Immediate aftermath * Closings and cancellations * Detentions * Effects + Airport security + Economy + Local health * Unsuccessful terrorist plots * Post-9/11 * Reactions * Conspiracy theories Cultural aftermath * Cultural references * Entertainment * Humor * Lost artworks * Slogans and terms * Songs * Comics Response * U.S. government response * U.S. military response + War on Terror + Afghanistan + North-West Pakistan * Rescue and recovery effort * Financial assistance * Operation SUPPORT * Operation Yellow Ribbon * Memorials and services * World Trade Center Health Program Perpetrators * Responsibility * Motives * Hijackers * Trials * 20th hijacker Inquiries * U.S. Congressional Inquiry * September 11 intelligence before the attacks * 9/11 Commission + Report + Criticism * PENTTBOM Miscellaneous * Communication * Patriot Day * Survivors' Staircase * The Falling Man * Iraq War * Wikipedia book Book * Category Category * Portal Portal * WikiProject WikiProject * v * t * e World Trade Center 1966–2001 * Construction * Towers + Three + Four + Five + Six + Seven * Windows on the World * Mall * The Bathtub * Tenants + One + Two + Four + Five + Six + Seven Terrorist attacks * February 26, 1993 * September 11, 2001 + Collapse + Deutsche Bank Building + St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church Memorials * National September 11 Memorial & Museum + Competition * The Sphere * Tribute in Light * Cross * America's Response Monument * Empty Sky Rebuilding * Site * Towers + One o Construction + Two + Three + Four + Five + Seven * Transportation Hub * Subway stations + Chambers Street – WTC (A C E) + Cortlandt Street (R) + Cortlandt Street (1) People * Minoru Yamasaki * Emery Roth & Sons * Larry Silverstein * Austin J. Tobin * David Childs * Michael Arad * THINK Team * Daniel Libeskind Other * West Street pedestrian bridges * In popular culture + Films + Films as featured + One WTC * 10048 (ZIP code) * v * t * e War on Terror War in Afghanistan • Iraq War • War in North-West Pakistan Participants Operational * ISAF * Operation Enduring Freedom participants * Afghanistan * Northern Alliance * Iraq (Iraqi Armed Forces) * NATO * Pakistan * United Kingdom * United States * European Union * Philippines * Ethiopia Targets * Al-Qaeda * Osama bin Laden * Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula * Abu Sayyaf * Anwar al-Awlaki * Al-Shabaab * Hamas * Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami * Hafiz Muhammad Saeed * Hezbollah * Hizbul Mujahideen * Islamic Courts Union * Jaish-e-Mohammed * Jemaah Islamiyah * Lashkar-e-Taiba * Taliban * Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan Conflicts Operation Enduring Freedom * War in Afghanistan * OEF – Philippines * Georgia Train and Equip Program * Georgia Sustainment and Stability * OEF – Horn of Africa * OEF – Trans Sahara * Drone attacks in Pakistan Other * Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) * Insurgency in the North Caucasus * Moro insurgency in the Philippines * Iraq War * Iraqi insurgency * Operation Linda Nchi * Terrorism in Saudi Arabia * War in North-West Pakistan * War in Somalia (2006–2009) * 2007 Lebanon conflict * Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown * Sinai insurgency See also * Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse * Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act * Axis of evil * Black sites * Bush Doctrine * The Clash of Civilizations * Combatant Status Review Tribunal * Criticism of the War on Terror * Death of Osama bin Laden * Enhanced interrogation techniques * Torture Memos * Extrajudicial prisoners * Extraordinary rendition * Guantanamo Bay detention camp * Military Commissions Act of 2006 * Terrorist Surveillance Program * Operation Noble Eagle * Operation Eagle Assist * Pakistan's role * President's Surveillance Program * Protect America Act of 2007 * September 11 attacks * Targeted killing * Targeted Killing in International Law * Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World * Unitary executive theory * Unlawful combatant * USA PATRIOT Act * Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan * Portal Portal:Terrorism * Portal Portal:War * v * t * e al-Qaeda Leadership * Ayman al-Zawahiri * Saif al-Adel * Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah * Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah * Adam Yahiye Gadahn * Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud * Nasir al-Wuhayshi * Abu Dua * Moktar Ali Zubeyr Former leadership * Osama bin Laden (killed) * Abu Yahya al-Libi (killed) * Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (captured) * Anwar al-Awlaki (killed) * Younis al-Mauritani (captured) * Mohammed Atef (killed) * Fazul Abdullah Mohammed (killed) * Abu Faraj al-Libbi (captured) * Atiyah Abd al-Rahman (killed) * Abu Laith al-Libi (killed) * Fahd al-Quso (killed) * Ilyas Kashmiri (killed) * Abdullah Said al Libi (killed) * Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam (killed) * Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan (killed) * Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali (killed) * Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim (killed) * Saeed al-Masri (killed) Timeline of attacks * 1993 World Trade Center bombing * 1998 United States embassy bombings * USS Cole bombing * September 11 attacks * 2002 Bali bombings * Iraq Ashura bombings * 2004 Madrid train bombings * 2005 London bombings * 23 November 2006 Sadr City bombings * 18 April 2007 Baghdad bombings * 2007 Algiers bombings (April * December) * 2007 Yazidi communities bombings * 2008 Danish embassy bombing in Islamabad * Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing * Westgate shopping mall attack Wars * Soviet war in Afghanistan * Civil war in Afghanistan (1989–1992) * Civil war in Afghanistan (1992–1996) * Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001) * War in Afghanistan (2001–present) * Iraq War * Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown * Shia insurgency in Yemen * Somali Civil War * War in North-West Pakistan (Drone attacks) * Insurgency in the Maghreb * Syrian Civil War Affiliates * Al-Shabaab (Somalia) * Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen) * al-Qaeda in Iraq (Iraq) * Al-Qaeda Kurdish Battalions (Kurdistan/Iraq) * Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (North Africa) * Egyptian Islamic Jihad (Egypt) * Al-Nusra Front (Syria) Media * Al Qaeda Handbook * Al Neda * As-Sahab * Fatawā of Osama bin Laden * Inspire * Al-Khansaa * Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit * Management of Savagery * Voice of Jihad * Benevolence International Foundation * Qaedat al-Jihad * Global Islamic Media Front Video and audio * Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden * Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri * USS Cole bombing video * v * t * e * ← 2000 * Aviation accidents and incidents in 2001 (2001) * 2002 → * Jan 23 Yemenia Flight 448 * Jan 27 Oklahoma State basketball team crash * Jan 31 Japan Airlines mid-air incident * Mar 03 Thai Airways International Flight 114 * Mar 29 Avjet Aspen crash * Apr 01 Hainan Island incident * Jul 04 Vladivostok Air Flight 352 * Aug 24 Air Transat Flight 236 * Aug 29 Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261 * Sep 11 American Airlines Flight 11 * Sep 11 United Airlines Flight 175 * Sep 11 American Airlines Flight 77 * Sep 11 United Airlines Flight 93 * Sep 11 Delta Air Lines Flight 1989 * Sep 11 Korean Air Flight 85 * Sep 17 Grozny Mi-8 crash * Oct 04 Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 * Oct 08 Linate Airport disaster * Nov 12 American Airlines Flight 587 * Nov 24 Crossair Flight 3597 * Dec 02 AFRF Flight 9064 * Dec 22 American Airlines Flight 63 ("Shoe bomb" plot) * Incidents resulting in at least 50 deaths shown in italics * Deadliest incident shown in Bold SmallCaps * v * t * e History of the United States Timeline * Prehistory * Pre-Columbian * Colonial * 1776–89 * 1789–1849 * 1849–65 * 1865–1918 * 1918–45 * 1945–64 * 1964–80 * 1980–91 * 1991–present Topics * African American * Asian American * Demographic * Diplomatic * Economic * Education * Immigration * Jewish * Medical * Merchant Marine * Mexican American * Military * Musical * Native American * Polish * Religious * Southern * 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Up to 80% Off! * Holiday Gift Guide * DVDs & Books * T-shirts, Hoodies & More * History Show Collections 9/11 Attacks * AAA * Print * Cite This * videos35 * speeches20 * photo galleries2 * interactives3 * 9/11 Attacks - 102 Minutes That Changed America Interactive * 9/11 Timeline Video * Remembering 9/11: The Ground Zero Bible Video * Remembering 9/11: Karyn's Wings Video * Making the 9/11 Memorial: The Names Video * World Trade Center Reborn: Infographic Interactive On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Often referred to as 9/11, the attacks resulted in extensive death and destruction, triggering major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defining the presidency of George W. Bush. Over 3,000 people were killed during the attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., including more than 400 police officers and firefighters. More to Explore People and Groups * Osama bin Laden * George W. Bush * Rudy Giuliani * Condoleezza Rice * Colin Powell Themes * World Trade Center * Ground Zero * Pentagon * 9/11 Commission * 9/11 Memorial and the Rebuilding of Ground Zero Events * 9/11: Timeline of Events * Reaction to 9/11 Related Topics * U.S. Presidents * New York * Pennsylvania * Washington, D.C. * The States Recommended Articles * 9/11: Timeline of Events 9/11: Timeline of Events The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks began at 8:46 am EDT, when terrorists crashed American Airlines Flight 11, with 92 people aboard, into the World Trade Center's North Tower. * Ground Zero Ground Zero Ground Zero was the name given to the area where New York City's World Trade Center collapsed after the attacks of September 11, 2001. * 9/11 Commission 9/11 Commission The 9/11 Commission was charged investigating the circumstances surrounding the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. * 9/11 Memorial and the Rebuilding of Ground Zero 9/11 Memorial and the Rebuilding of Ground Zero The enormously complex rebuilding of the World Trade Center site includes a striking memorial to the victims of 9/11. Did You Know? September 11, 2001, was the deadliest day in history for New York City firefighters: 343 were killed. On September 11, 2001, at 8:45 a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact left a gaping, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors. As the evacuation of the tower and its twin got underway, television cameras broadcasted live images of what initially appeared to be a freak accident. Then, 18 minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767–United Airlines Flight 175–appeared out of the sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Center and sliced into the south tower near the 60th floor. The collision caused a massive explosion that showered burning debris over surrounding buildings and the streets below. America was under attack. The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda terrorist organization, they were allegedly acting in retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War and its continued military presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year and had taken flying lessons at American commercial flight schools. Others had slipped into the country in the months before September 11 and acted as the "muscle" in the operation. The 19 terrorists easily smuggled box-cutters and knives through security at three East Coast airports and boarded four flights bound for California, chosen because the planes were loaded with fuel for the long transcontinental journey. Soon after takeoff, the terrorists commandeered the four planes and took the controls, transforming ordinary commuter jets into guided missiles. As millions watched the events unfolding in New York, American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown Washington, D.C., and slammed into the west side of the Pentagon military headquarters at 9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from the Boeing 757 caused a devastating inferno that led to the structural collapse of a portion of the giant concrete building. All told, 125 military personnel and civilians were killed in the Pentagon, along with all 64 people aboard the airliner. Less than 15 minutes after the terrorists struck the nerve center of the U.S. military, the horror in New York took a catastrophic turn for the worse when the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed in a massive cloud of dust and smoke. The structural steel of the skyscraper, built to withstand winds in excess of 200 miles per hour and a large conventional fire, could not withstand the tremendous heat generated by the burning jet fuel. At 10:30 a.m., the other Trade Center tower collapsed. Close to 3,000 people died in the World Trade Center and its vicinity, including a staggering 343 firefighters and paramedics, 23 New York City police officers and 37 Port Authority police officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation of the buildings and save the office workers trapped on higher floors. Only six people in the World Trade Center towers at the time of their collapse survived. Almost 10,000 others were treated for injuries, many severe. Meanwhile, a fourth California-bound plane–United Flight 93–was hijacked about 40 minutes after leaving Newark International Airport in New Jersey. Because the plane had been delayed in taking off, passengers on board learned of events in New York and Washington via cell phone and Airfone calls to the ground. Knowing that the aircraft was not returning to an airport as the hijackers claimed, a group of passengers and flight attendants planned an insurrection. One of the passengers, Thomas Burnett Jr., told his wife over the phone that "I know we're all going to die. There's three of us who are going to do something about it. I love you, honey." Another passenger–Todd Beamer–was heard saying "Are you guys ready? Let's roll" over an open line. Sandy Bradshaw, a flight attendant, called her husband and explained that she had slipped into a galley and was filling pitchers with boiling water. Her last words to him were "Everyone's running to first class. I've got to go. Bye." The passengers fought the four hijackers and are suspected to have attacked the cockpit with a fire extinguisher. The plane then flipped over and sped toward the ground at upwards of 500 miles per hour, crashing in a rural field in western Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m. All 45 people aboard were killed. Its intended target is not known, but theories include the White House, the U.S. Capitol, the Camp David presidential retreat in Maryland or one of several nuclear power plants along the eastern seaboard. At 7 p.m., President George W. Bush, who had spent the day being shuttled around the country because of security concerns, returned to the White House. At 9 p.m., he delivered a televised address from the Oval Office, declaring, "Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve." In a reference to the eventual U.S. military response he declared, "We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them." Operation Enduring Freedom, the American-led international effort to oust the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Osama bin Laden's terrorist network based there, began on October 7. Within two months, U.S. forces had effectively removed the Taliban from operational power, but the war continued, as U.S. and coalition forces attempted to defeat a Taliban insurgency campaign based in neighboring Pakistan. Osama bin Laden, the mastermind behind the September 11th attacks, remained at large until May 2, 2011, when he was finally tracked down and killed by U.S. forces at a hideout in Abbottabad, Pakistan. In June 2011, President Barack Obama announced the beginning of large-scale troop withdrawals from Afghanistan, with a final withdrawal of U.S. forces tentatively scheduled for 2014. Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Advertisement Related Shows * 102 Minutes that Changed America / Witness to 9/11 102 Minutes that Changed America / Witness to 9/11 * America The Story of Us America The Story of Us America The Story of Us is an epic 12-hour television event that tells the extraordinary story of how America was invented. This Day in History Dec 28 Lead Story First commercial movie screened, 1895 On this day in 1895, the world's first commercial movie screening takes place at the Grand Cafe in Paris. The film was made by Louis and Auguste Lumiere,… Shop HISTORY * 9/11 10th Anniversary DVD Set 9/11 10th Anniversary DVD Set Exclusive. 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All Rights Reserved. [tap.php?v=3817] [ipad-download-now-button-red.png] [ipad-download-now-no-thanks-button-gray.png] § [911logo902.jpg] * home * browse * repository * contribute * special collections * 9/11 faqs * 9/11 links The clean up continues at Ground Zero in New York City, Thanksgiving Day, 2001. The September 11 Digital Archive uses electronic media to collect, preserve, and present the history of September 11, 2001 and its aftermath. The Archive contains more than 150,000 digital items, a tally that includes more than 40,000 emails and other electronic communications, more than 40,000 first-hand stories, and more than 15,000 digital images. In September 2003, the Library of Congress accepted the Archive into its collections, an event that both ensured the Archive's long-term preservation and marked the library's first major digital acquisition. Browse: Explore the collection for stories, images, emails, documents, sounds, and videos of September 11 Research: Search, sort, and examine the entire collection Contribute: Tell your story, add your email, and upload images, documents, and other digital files to the Archive home | about | partners | staff | contact us | news Copyright (c) 2002-2011, Center for History and New Media and American Social History Project/Center for Media and Learning. DCSIMG § #911Truth.org » Feed 911Truth.org » Comments Feed ____________________ Submit * Home * About Us + Our Mission + Achievements o Getting the Message Out: 9/11 Truth o Early Events & Campaigns to Expose… o A Commitment to More Civil and Effective… + Grassroots Contacts + Contact Us * View ALL Articles * Begin Questioning + 9/11 Commission + Air Defense Failures + Intelligence Failures o FBI o CIA o NSA + Controlled Demolition + Family Steering Committee Review of 9/11… + The TOP 40 Reasons to Doubt the Official… + 911 Intro – Quick Course + The Facts Speak for Themselves + Complete 9/11 Timeline + 911-Research + Beginners’ Guide to 9/11 Truth * Evidence and Research + Intelligence Failures by Agency + Justice for 9/11 o Citizen’s Complaint o Complaint Basis o Lines of Inquiry * Get Involved + Petitions + Campaigns + What can you do? * Resources + 9/11 A/V Galleries + MP3′s + Books + Site Picks o Truth and Social Activism Links o The Complete 9/11 Timeline o 911 Research.com o Journal of 9/11 Studies o Consensus 911 o Loss of Civil Liberties o 9/11 Truth News o Who’s Asking Questions? o Rigorous Intuition o Information Clearing House o Legit Gov o The Daily Censored + Additional Resources + Professionals for 9/11 Truth o Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth o Consensus911.org o Lawyers for 9/11 Truth o Media Professionals for 9/11 Truth o Medical Professionals for 9/11 Truth o Patriots Question 9/11 o Political Leaders for 9/11 Truth o Religious Leaders for 9/11 Truth o Scholars for 9/11 Truth & Justice o Scientific Method 9/11 o Scientists for 9/11 Truth o Scientists – Journal of 9/11… o The Science of 9/11 o Researchers – Complete 9/11… o Mad Cow Morning News o Mapping the Real Deal + 911Truth.org Banners + Downloads o PDF’s # 2004 Official Cover-Up Guide # 2007 911Truth.org Fact Sheet # July 2005 Report on Hearings # Connecting the Dots # White Wash as Public Service # 2004 Zogby Poll Results * Donate This page is showing a slideshow that uses Javascript. Your browser either doesn't support Javascript or you have it turned off. To see this page as it is meant to appear please use a Javascript enabled browser. Insiders voice doubts about CIA’s 9/11 story Insiders voice doubts about CIA's 9/11 story Former FBI agents say the agency's bin Laden unit misled them about two hijackers. A growing number of former government insiders -- all responsible officials who served in a number of federal posts -- are now on record as doubting ex-CIA director George Tenet's account of events leading up to the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the United States. Among them are several special agents of the FBI, the former counterterrorism head in the Clinton and Bush administrations, and the chairman of the 9/11 Commission, who told us the CIA chief had been "obviously not forthcoming" in his testimony and had misled the commissioners. Read More The Mineta Testimony: 9/11 Commission Exposed The Mineta Testimony: 9/11 Commission Exposed Americans who rely solely on mainstream media might easily be under the assumption that the 9/11 Commission Report put the questions about what happened on 9/11 to rest. One of the most dramatic lies in the Commission's cover-up has been Secretary of Transportation Norman Mineta's direct contradiction of the official story timeline in his testimony to the Commission. Read More Guns and Butter Interviews Paul Zarembka, Editor of ‘The Hidden History of 9/11′ Guns and Butter Interviews Paul Zarembka, Editor of 'The Hidden History of 9/11' How much insider trading occurred in the days leading up to 9/11? How compromised is the evidence against alleged hijackers because of serious authentication problems with a key Dulles Airport videotape? To what extent does the testimony of more than five hundred firefighters differ from official reports of what happened at the World Trade Center buildings that day? How inseparably connected are Western covert operations to al-Qaeda? Listen to Bonnie Faulkner interview with Paul Zarembka, professor of economics, SUNY Buffalo Read More FBI Documents Support Explosive Claims by Former FBI Translator Sibel Edmonds FBI Documents Support Explosive Claims by Former FBI Translator Sibel Edmonds Recently released FBI documents prove the existence of highly sensitive National Security and criminal investigations of "Turkish Activities" in Chicago prior to September 11, 2001. These documents add further support to many of the allegations that former FBI translator Sibel Edmonds has claimed, in public and in Congress, since 2002. The documents were released under a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request into an organization called the Turkish American Cultural Alliance (TACA), an organization repeatedly named by Ms. Edmonds as being complicit in the crimes that she became aware of when she was a translator at the FBI. Read More US Government Protection of Al-Qaeda Terrorists and the US-Saudi Black Hole US Government Protection of Al-Qaeda Terrorists and the US-Saudi Black Hole Since 9/11 however, constitutional practices have been overshadowed by a series of emergency measures to fight terrorism. Read More Another Ex-CIA Official Speaks Out for 9/11 Truth Another Ex-CIA Official Speaks Out for 9/11 Truth Why is it important that we not let the so-called conspiracy theories surrounding 9/11 be drowned out? After spending the better part of the last five years treating these theories with utmost skepticism, I have devoted serious time to actually studying them in recent months, and have also carefully watched several videos that are available on the subject. I have come to believe that significant parts of the 9/11 theories are true, and that therefore significant parts of the "official story" put out by the U.S. government and the 9/11 Commission are false. I now think there is persuasive evidence that the events of September did not unfold as the Bush administration and the 9/11 Commission would have us believe. The items below highlight the major questions surrounding 9/11 but do not constitute a detailed recounting of the evidence available. Read More Does Science Lie? Does Science Lie? As we approach the tenth anniversary of the tragic events of September 11, 2001, we must weigh our collective need for maintaining and promoting what is believed to be "safe" against what is in fact true. A PhD in physics and former student of physics teacher David Chandler, when showed the compelling research David has put together on the physical improbability of the official story of the building collapses of the Three World Trade buildings on September 11 said, "I understand and accept your data as scientifically accurate and flawless, yet I don't believe it". Read More FBI Headquarters Thwarts Pre-9/11 Moussaoui Search, But Why? FBI Headquarters Thwarts Pre-9/11 Moussaoui Search, But Why? An FBI agent who interrogated Zacarias Moussaoui before Sept. 11, 2001, warned his supervisors more than 70 times that Moussaoui was a terrorist and spelled out his suspicions that the al-Qaeda operative was plotting to hijack an airplane. What is striking about agent Samit's account, like the account of his office-mate Coleen Rowley, is the assumption of "criminal negligence" on the part of FBI headquarters, and RFU head David Frasca and Michael Maltbie in particular. Best I can see, criminal complicity has not been ruled out whatsoever. Read More Edmonds: FBI knew about 9/11 plot in April 2001 Edmonds: FBI knew about 9/11 plot in April 2001 Open Letter To Thomas Kean, Chairman Of The 9/11 Commission, from FBI Whistleblower Sibel Edmonds I, Sibel Edmonds, a concerned American Citizen, a former FBI translator, a whistleblower, a witness for a United States Congressional investigation, a witness and a plaintiff for the Department of Justice Inspector General investigation, and a witness for your own 9/11 Commission investigation, request your answers to, and your public acknowledgement of, the following questions and issues: Read More Why Louis Freeh Should Be Investigated For 9/11 Why Louis Freeh Should Be Investigated For 9/11 “The FBI has proven for the past decade it cannot identify and prevent acts of terrorism against the United States and its citizens at home and abroad. Even worse, there is virtually no effort on the part of the FBI’s International Terrorism Unit to neutralize known and suspected terrorists residing within the United States.”[1] ... Judicial Watch pointed to a “legacy of corruption” at the FBI under Freeh, listing the espionage scandal at Los Alamos National Laboratories, as well as “Filegate, Waco, the Ruby Ridge cover-up, the Olympic bombing frame-up of Richard Jewell, [and] falsification of evidence concerning the Oklahoma City bombing.”[4] Read More Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld and 9/11 Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld and 9/11 Rumsfeld on the morning of 9/11, prior to the attacks: "let me tell you, I've been around the block a few times," he told Representative Cox. "There will be another event." When did Cheney enter the PEOC beneath the White House? Why did the Secret Service leave President Bush exposed and vulnerable in the classroom at Emma Booker Elementary for more than 10 minutes after they knew we were under attack? Read More 9/11 Training Exercise Planned for Simulated Plane Crash Five Minutes before Pentagon Attack Took Place 9/11 Training Exercise Planned for Simulated Plane Crash Five Minutes before Pentagon Attack Took Place Five minutes before the Pentagon was hit on September 11, 2001, a training exercise being run by a US intelligence agency just over 20 miles from the Pentagon was set to include the scenario of a small private jet plane crashing into a building. It is unclear whether the scenario was played out, or if the exercise had been called off by that time. Read More Cui Bono 9/11? Cui Bono 9/11? UnAnswered Question #1: Cui Bono? A spirited and global citizens' media was birthed by our hunger to learn the truth that lay inside the graves of those who gave their lives on 9/11. This citizens' media brought forward the questions that people throughout the world raised and wanted answered. These are the UnAnswered Questions of 9/11. The persistence of the citizens' media in raising them and demanding answers has illuminated the failure of those responsible to explain what happened or why. Read More FAA Communications with NORAD On September 11, 2001 FAA Communications with NORAD On September 11, 2001 FAA clarification memo to 9/11 Independent Commission Within minutes after the first aircraft hit the World Trade Center, the FAA immediately established several phone bridges that included FAA field facilities, the FAA Command Center, FAA headquarters, DOD, the Secret Service, and other government agencies. The FAA shared real-time information on the phone bridges about the unfolding events, including information about loss of communication with aircraft, loss of transponder signals, unauthorized changes in course, and other actions being taken by all the flights of interest, including Flight 77. Read More Co-Chair of 9/11 Inquiry: American Government Covered Up State Assistance to Hijackers Co-Chair of 9/11 Inquiry: American Government Covered Up State Assistance to Hijackers The co-chair of the Congressional Joint 9/11 Inquiry (Bob Graham) today alleged a cover up by the U.S. government of state assistance by Saudi Arabia to the 9/11 hijackers. Graham is no flake. He was a member of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence for 10 years (including 18 months as chairman), member of the CIA External Advisory Board, chairman of the Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism, 18-year U.S. senator, two-term governor of Florida, co-chair of the national commission on the BP oil spill, and member of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission. Read More White House Terror Chief Alleges CIA 9/11 Malfeasance, Cover Up in New Interview: PBS Colorado’s Exclusive Ignites Battle Among Bush Officials White House Terror Chief Alleges CIA 9/11 Malfeasance, Cover Up in New Interview: PBS Colorado's Exclusive Ignites Battle Among Bush Officials In a never-before-seen interview, Richard Clarke, former White House Counterterror "Tsar" to Presidents Clinton and Bush, goes on record about what he believes happened at CIA in the run-up to the 9/11 attacks, accusing then-CIA Director George Tenet and two of his deputies of deliberately not informing the White House, FBI, and Defense Department about two future hijackers inside U.S., then covering up from the 9/11 investigations. Read More 9/11 Misinformation: Flight ‘Passenger Lists’ Show ‘No Hijacker Names’ 9/11 Misinformation: Flight 'Passenger Lists' Show 'No Hijacker Names' The assertion that 9/11 passengers lists “contained no Arab names” is frequently seen in the 9/11 truth movement. Victims lists for the four planes published by CNN and elsewhere are free of Arab names… This fact has been highlighted as suspicious by some researchers describing the lists as passenger manifests. However, these lists are not passenger manifests, but lists of victims … CNN describes its criteria for including persons in its memorial in a pop-up window labelled ‘About this site’… ‘ Read More Proof that 9/11 Truthers Are Dangerous Proof that 9/11 Truthers Are Dangerous Most Americans don't know what kind of people 9/11 truthers really are. So they can't figure out whether or not they are dangerous. Below is a list of people who question what our Government has said about 9/11. The list proves -- once and for all -- that people who question 9/11 are dangerous. Email this list to everyone you know, to prove to them that 9/11 truthers are all dangerous nut cases. Read More The Wargames of September 11th (beta) The Wargames of September 11th (beta) The latest material for the first time casts light on what may have been the day's master wargame: Global Guardian, run out of Offutt Air Force Base by the US Strategic Command (Stratcom) under Admiral Richard Mies ( official bio ). He has since retired and taken up a gig as the CEO of Hicks & Associates, a "strategic consultant" to the federal government dealing in "military transformation." Read More The 9/11 Commission Report: A 571-Page Lie The 9/11 Commission Report: A 571-Page Lie In discussing my second 9/11 book, The 9/11 Commission Report: Omissions and Distortions, I have often said, only half in jest, that a better title might have been "a 571-page lie." (Actually, I was saying "a 567-page lie," because I was forgetting to count the four pages of the Preface.) In making this statement, one of my points has been that the entire Report is constructed in support of one big lie: that the official story about 9/11 is true. Read More Important “Open Letter to Norman Mineta” concerning his 9/11 Commission-censored testimony – Please help distribute widely… Important Open Letter to Norman Mineta concerning his 9/11 Commission-censored testimony - Please help distribute widely... On May 23, 2003 you testified before the 9/11 Commission in public hearing as to your experience on the morning of 9/11/01. During your testimony you stated that you arrived at the Presidential Emergency Operations Center (PEOC) underneath the East Wing of the White House “at about 9:20 a.m.”, at which time Vice President Richard Cheney ... Read More The NIST WTC 7 Report: Bush Science reaches its peak The NIST WTC 7 Report: Bush Science reaches its peak In a famous book by Antoine de Saint Exupery, a little prince from another planet asks the narrator to draw a sheep. After several unsatisfactory attempts, the narrator simply draws a box and tells the little prince that the sheep is in the box. The little prince then exclaims -- "That is exactly the way I wanted it!" Just so, the Bush Administration asked its scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for an explanation as to what happened at the World Trade Center (WTC) on 9/11. In response to this request, NIST drew up a series of fanciful stories over a period of years, each story differing from the previous one. Finally, after seven long years, NIST published its last story for WTC 7 by simply saying, in effect: "The explanation is in our computer." Read More Black boxes disappear from the WTC site: Bryan Sacks’ and Nick Levis’ of 911Truth.org break story Black boxes disappear from the WTC site: Bryan Sacks' and Nick Levis' of 911Truth.org break story Firefighter Said Black Boxes Were Found at Ground Zero Pulitzer Prize winner William Bunch uses an account from the book, "Behind-the-Scenes: Ground Zero," as one source for the claim that three black boxes from the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center were discovered by authorities during the recovery efforts in 2001-2002. This is contrary to the official story. (Philadelphia Daily News, Thursday, 10/28/04 - a longer version was published on his "Campaign Extra" weblog.) Read More Did the Bush Administration Lie to Congress and the 9/11 Commission? Did the Bush Administration Lie to Congress and the 9/11 Commission? By Dave Lindorff 9/11: Missing Black Boxes in World Trade Center Attacks Found by Firefighters, Analyzed by NTSB, Concealed by FBI One of the more puzzling mysteries of 9-11 is what ever happened to the flight recorders of the two planes that hit the World Trade Center towers. Now it appears that they may not be missing at all. Counterpunch has learned that the FBI has them. Read More Report: Intelligence Unit Told Before 9/11 to Stop Tracking Bin Laden Report: Intelligence Unit Told Before 9/11 to Stop Tracking Bin Laden A great deal of controversy has arisen about what was known about the movements and location of Osama bin Laden in the wake of his killing by US Special Forces on May 2 in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Questions about what intelligence agencies knew or didn't know about al-Qaeda activities go back some years, most prominently in the controversy over the existence of a joint US Special Forces Command and Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) data mining effort known as "Able Danger." What hasn't been discussed is a September 2008 Department of Defense (DoD) inspector general (IG) report, summarizing an investigation made in response to an accusation by a Joint Forces Intelligence Command (JFIC) whistleblower, which indicated that a senior JFIC commander had halted actions tracking Osama bin Laden prior to 9/11. Read More Is Anyone Telling Us the Truth? Is Anyone Telling Us the Truth? What are we to make of the failed Underwear Bomber plot, the Toothpaste, Shampoo, and Bottled Water Bomber plot, and the Shoe Bomber plot? These blundering and implausible plots to bring down an airliner seem far removed from al-Qaida's expertise in pulling off 9/11. If we are to believe the U.S. government, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the alleged al-Qaida "mastermind" behind 9/11, outwitted the CIA, the NSA, indeed all 16 U.S. intelligence agencies as well as those of all U.S. allies including Mossad, the National Security Council, NORAD, Air Traffic Control, Airport Security four times on one morning, and Dick Cheney, and with untrained and inexperienced pilots pulled off skilled piloting feats of crashing hijacked airliners into the World Trade Center towers, and the Pentagon, where a battery of state of the art air defenses somehow failed to function. Read More Who Is Rich Blee? Who Is Rich Blee? Despite threats of prosecution from the CIA, the makers of 9/11: Press For Truth have released their new documentary podcast Who Is Rich Blee? Read More 9/11 and Other Optical Illusions 9/11 and Other Optical Illusions This illusion elucidates a very important principle concerning subjective reality, and helps to illustrate a point about the vastly differing views people can hold about events such as 9/11. Some people who look at the spinning figure will first affirm that she is bouncing on her left leg while twirling in a clockwise direction. Others may avow that she is instead bouncing on her right leg and spinning in a counterclockwise direction. Indeed, you can have many people looking at this animated graphic at the same time and not agree as to what is happening. Read More Crossing the Rubicon: Simplifying the case against Dick Cheney Crossing the Rubicon: Simplifying the case against Dick Cheney Crossing the Rubicon makes the case for official complicity within the U.S. government and names Dick Cheney as the prime suspect in the crimes of 9/11. There are 3 major points made within this book that are crucial to proving Cheney's guilt: Means - Dick Cheney and the Secret Service Motive - Peak Oil Opportuniy - 9/11 Wargames Read More Evidence for Informed Trading on the Attacks of September 11 Evidence for Informed Trading on the Attacks of September 11 Just after September 11th 2001, many governments began investigations into possible insider trading related to the terrorist attacks of that day. Belgium, Cyprus, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Monte Carlo, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United States, and others initiated investigations. Although considerable evidence of insider trading exists, none of the investigations resulted in a single indictment because the people identified as having been involved in the suspicious trades were seen as unlikely to have been associated with those alleged to have committed the 9/11 crimes. Read More London-based oil executive linked to 9/11 hijackers London-based oil executive linked to 9/11 hijackers A Saudi Arabian accused of associating with several of the September 11 hijackers and who disappeared from his home in the United States a few weeks before the attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon, is in London working for his country's state oil company. Abdulaziz al-Hijji and his wife Anoud left three cars at their luxurious home in a gated community in Sarasota, Florida -- one of them new -- and flew to Saudi Arabia in August 2001. The refrigerator was full of food; furniture and clothing were left behind; and the swimming pool water was still circulating. Read More The Doomsday Project and Deep Events: JFK, Watergate, Iran-Contra, and 9/11 The Doomsday Project and Deep Events: JFK, Watergate, Iran-Contra, and 9/11 I know the capacity that is there to make tyranny total in America, and we must see to it that this agency [the National Security Agency] and all agencies that possess this technology operate within the law and under proper supervision, so that we never cross over that abyss. That is the abyss from which there is no return." --Senator Frank Church (1975) I would like to discuss four major and badly understood events - the John F. Kennedy assassination, Watergate, Iran-Contra, and 9/11. I will analyze these deep events as part of a deeper political process linking them, a process that has helped build up repressive power in America at the expense of democracy. Read More Senator Dayton: NORAD Lied About 9/11 Senator Dayton: NORAD Lied About 9/11 In hearings last Friday, Sen. Dayton (D-MN) raised an obvious point: if the timeline of air defense response as promoted in the Kean Commission's best-selling book is correct, then the timeline presented repeatedly by NORAD during the last two years was completely wrong. Yet now no one at NORAD is willing to comment on their own timeline! When the official story of 9/11 can be changed repeatedly without anyone ever being held accountable, we have no right to ever again expect honest government. Please read the following story and do your part to support Sen. Dayton for highlighting the contradiction, and to encourage the media to follow up. Read More Rewarding Incompetence Rewarding Incompetence We strongly agree with President Bush's decision to move Condoleezza Rice out of her position as National Security Advisor. Ms. Rice's statement from her May 16, 2002 press briefing: "I don't think anybody could have predicted that these people would try to use an airplane as a missile, a hijacked airplane as a missile" made it clear that she was ill equipped to be advising anyone on matters of national security. Condoleezza Rice was the top National Security official with President Bush at the July 2001 G-8 summit in Genoa. This was where "U.S. officials were warned that Islamic terrorists might attempt to crash an airliner into the summit ..." Read More 9/11 Commission: The Official Coverup guide 9/11 Commission: The Official Coverup guide The 9/11 Commission came to New York the second week of May for a two-day set of hearings at The New School University. As hundreds of Sept. 11th family members, reporters and curious New Yorkers lined up for airport-style security checks, they received copies of a new 24-page booklet published by NY 9/11 Truth, with help from 911Truth.org. "Scamming America: The Official 9/11 Cover-up Guide" is named after a quote by former Sen. Max Cleland, who resigned from the commission last November with the words, "Bush is scamming America." Read More Bush-Linked Company Handled Security for the WTC, Dulles and United Bush-Linked Company Handled Security for the WTC, Dulles and United George W. Bush's brother was on the board of directors of a company providing electronic security for the World Trade Center, Dulles International Airport and United Airlines, according to public records. The company was backed by an investment firm, the Kuwait-American Corp., also linked for years to the Bush family. The security company, formerly named Securacom and now named Stratesec, is in Sterling, Va.. Its CEO, Barry McDaniel, said the company had a "completion contract" to handle some of the security at the World Trade Center "up to the day the buildings fell down." Read More Bush, Rice and the Genoa Warning: Documenting a demonstrable falsehood Bush, Rice and the Genoa Warning: Documenting a demonstrable falsehood "I don't think anybody could have predicted that these people would take an airplane and slam it into the World Trade Center, take another one and slam it into the Pentagon, that they would try to use an airplane as a missile, a hijacked airplane as a missile." --Condoleezza Rice, May 16, 2002 Read More The Total Failure of the Kean Commission The Total Failure of the Kean Commission ISSUE #1: On the morning of September 11, 2001, NORAD was running war games involving the scenario of hijacked airliners, while the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) was running a drill for the scenario of an errant aircraft crashing into a government building, at the exact same time as an identical scenario was perpetrated in reality. What role, if any, did Secretary Rumsfeld, Undersecretary Wolfowitz, and acting Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Richard Myers play in any war game scenario on the morning of September 11, 2001? What briefings did they receive about these wargames before, during, and after the morning in question? Read More Debunking 9/11 Conspiracy Debunkers with Stewart Bradley Debunking 9/11 Conspiracy Debunkers with Stewart Bradley The following interview is extremely useful for a couple of reasons: 1) The content of the interview, and 2) the extensive links to information documenting the discussion. Thank you to John-Michael Talboo for providing this excellent resource, and his permission to repost! Related--Jon Gold's debate last week with ScrewLooseChange founding debunker, Pat Curley, posted below. Read More Former Explosives Loader for Controlled Demolition Interviewed by AE911truth Former Explosives Loader for Controlled Demolition Interviewed by AE911truth These videos are raw footage of AE911Truth's exclusive interviews with two of the world class experts appearing in Architects and Engineer's upcoming hard hitting documentary "9/11: Explosive Evidence - Experts Speak Out": Tom Sullivan - Former Explosives Loader for Controlled Demolition, Inc. (CDI) Scott Grainger - Fire Protection Engineer Read More Why the Planes Were Not Intercepted on 9/11: The Wall Street Lawyer and the Special Ops Hijack Coordinator Why the Planes Were Not Intercepted on 9/11: The Wall Street Lawyer and the Special Ops Hijack Coordinator Why were none of the four planes intercepted? Some of the most startling facts about the air defense failures have to do with the utter failure of communications between the agencies responsible for protecting the nation. At the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), two people stood out in this failed chain of communications. One was a lawyer on his first day at the job, and another was a Special Operations Commander who was never held responsible for his critical role, or even questioned about it. Read More Taliban government ‘offered bin Laden trial before 9/11′ Taliban government 'offered bin Laden trial before 9/11' The Taliban government in Afghanistan offered to present Osama bin Laden for a trial long before the attacks of September 11, 2001, but the US government showed no interest, according to a senior aide to the Taliban leader, Mullah Omar. "Even before the [9/11] attacks, our Islamic Emirate had tried through various proposals to resolve the Osama issue. One such proposal was to set up a three-nation court, or something under the supervision of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference [OIC]," Muttawakil said. "But the US showed no interest in it. They kept demanding we hand him over, but we had no relations with the US, no agreement of any sort. They did not recognise our government." Read More Secret Service Failures on 9/11: A Call for Transparency Secret Service Failures on 9/11: A Call for Transparency The U.S. Secret Service failed to do its job on September 11, 2001 in several important ways. These failures could be explained if the Secret Service had foreknowledge of the 9/11 events as they were proceeding. That possibility leads to difficult questions about how the behavior of Secret Service employees might have contributed to the success of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Answering those questions will require the release of existing interview transcripts as well as follow-up questioning, under oath, of a few key people within the agency. Read More VIEW Recent Articles Most Recent Articles here Browse by Category [Select Category__________________________] Browse by Tag [Select Tag________________________] Graphic image for 9/11 foreknowledge Graphic: unanswered questions Graphic of paper shredder- destruction of evidence Graphic: conflict of interest Cui bono graphic Alleged Hijacker graphic 9/11 Commission Shield Topics Afghanistan Al Qaeda Building 7 Bush Administration CIA CNN Controlled Demolition Cover-Up David Ray Griffin Dick Cheney FAA FBI George W. Bush Germany Ground Zero Homeland Security Iran Iraq Israel Justice Department Kevin Ryan Lies and misrepresentations Media vs. Propaganda Middle East New York City New York Times NIST NORAD NSA Osama Bin Laden Pakistan Patriot Act Pentagon Richard Gage Saddam Hussein Saudi Arabia Sibel Edmonds State Department Supreme Court Taliban United Nations Vietnam Washington Post White House WTC Welcome to 911Truth.org, where you can explore the facts about 9/11, learn about the 9/11 Truth Movement and find answers to your questions about the 9/11 attacks. View Current 9/11 News & Events Ever since the moment of the first impact at the World Trade Center, a struggle has raged between two broad, competing ideas of what really happened on September 11th, 2001. The US administration delivered an almost immediate verdict, which can be described as follows: Dispatched by Osama Bin Ladin’s network and motivated by hatred and religious fanaticism, 19 suicide bombers hijacked four planes, crashed three of them into their targets, and caused the collapse of the Twin Towers as a consequence of the resulting damage and fires. The 19 men did not necessarily require any accomplices within the United States; and no one in the US government could have possibly anticipated or prevented the attacks. Even as the administration exploited this Official Story (or “Official Conspiracy Theory”) as the pretext to launch new wars long in the making, independent researchers began to accumulate a vast body of evidence suggesting a different narrative for 9/11: that of the False Flag Operation. The 9/11 events and the anomalies in the official story raised Unanswered Questions about: * the unprecedented failure of the US air defense system on the morning of the attacks; * the AWOL military chain of command during the actual attacks, including the inexplicable behavior of the presidential entourage; * the seeming impossibility of official claims with regard to Flight 77; * the evidence that Flight 93 was shot down; * contradictions and dubious evidence in the official claims about the alleged hijackers and masterminds, and doubts about their real identities; * signs that the alleged hijackers enjoyed high-level protection against discovery by honest investigators; * evidence that the alleged hijackers were financed by states allied with US intelligence; * suspicious and massive international financial trades suggesting foreknowledge of the attacks; * widespread signs of official foreknowledge and, in fact, advance preparation for the 9/11 attack scenario; * the long-running links between Islamist fundamentalist terror cells and US covert operations, dating back to CIA support for the anti-Soviet mujahedeen and Osama Bin Ladin himself; * the demolition-like collapse of the Twin Towers and of a third skyscraper, WTC 7; * and questions concerning who could have logically expected to derive benefit in the aftermath of a massive attack on the United States. The suspicions received further confirmation a few weeks after September 11th, with the arrival of anthrax letters targeted only at opposition politicians and media figures, and timed to coincide with the introduction of the USA PATRIOT Act. Already within those first weeks, loose networks of researchers and investigators formed via the Internet to generally become known as the “9/11 skeptics.” They presented substantial bodies of evidence to show that elements within the US government must have been involved in facilitating or orchestrating the attacks – in other words, that 9/11 was possibly a classic case of “false-flag” or synthetic terrorism, such as corrupt states have often perpetrated on their own citizens. What motive would people in the US government or establishment have to commit crimes of this magnitude? The outrage caused by September 11th allowed the Bush administration to instantly implement policies its members have long supported, but which were otherwise infeasible. 9/11 was exploited to launch an open-ended, perpetual “war on terror,” actually a war against any and all enemies the US government may designate. The case of Iraq shows that the target countries of this war need have nothing whatsoever to do with 9/11. The invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan were both planned and prepared in advance of September 11th, with the apparent motive of gaining geostrategic advantage and seizing vital resources. The architects of the Iraq invasion within the Bush administration had earlier been members of the Project for a New American Century. In the PNAC manifesto of September 2000 (“Rebuilding America’s Defenses”), they admitted that the American people would be unwilling to pay the stiff price for US global hegemony, full-spectrum military dominance, and the imposition of a new order in the Middle East – unwilling, that is, in the absence of a catalyzing event, an epochal lesson such as a “new Pearl Harbor.” 9/11 put the nation on a permanent war footing, allowed the extension of secrecy doctrines, and temporarily deified the President. The unprecedented public fear was stoked and exploited to allow a roll-back of domestic rights and liberties, as had long been advocated by key members of the Bush administration (and their allies in both major parties). 9/11 allowed the designation of “enemy combatants” in violation of international law; preventive detention and the open use of torture; the activation of long-standing “shadow government” plans; the passage of measures officially undermining constitutional government; and a wholesale re-definition of US geopolitics and American society itself. Perhaps most important of all to potential conspirators, trillions of dollars in spending priorities were predictably shifted from “butter” to “guns” in the years after September 11th, unleashing a new wave of growth and profiteering in the war and security industries. 9/11 became a pretext for economic crisis management and transformation under the cover of war and counterterror. From the beginning, those who doubted the official story saw the potential for achieving a different kind of global transformation. By exposing the great fraud to the public, the 9/11 dissidents hoped to reverse the policies adopted after September 11th; to end the wars; to reveal a long and sordid history of covert operations, black budgets and hidden economics; to wake up the American people to the reality of the globalist drive to corporate feudalism, which is destroying the natural environment and the lives of the planetary majority; and to motivate the people to act against this sea of troubles. The first two years after September 11th saw the rise of the Families’ Movement, which kept the issue of the “unanswered questions” alive, and which forced the creation of the official 9/11 Commission. The Bush administration acted to delay, stonewall and starve all official investigations – with the complicity of the mainstream media, who ignored the festering questions or at best ridiculed those who asked them. Many signs confirmed that there was indeed a 9/11 Cover-up: outrageous conflicts of interest within official investigating bodies, such as the appointment of Henry Kissinger and then Philip Zelikow to the 9/11 Commission; destruction of evidence; the silencing of whistleblowers; and the promotion of the very officials who were responsible for the supposed failures of September 11th. For many, the 9/11 cover-up itself became the smoking gun pointing to wrongdoing: the untenable excuses of massive serial incompetence; the endless coincidences; the insulting fairy tale that “no one could have imagined planes as weapons”; the omission and suppression of any evidence contradicting the official story. Editor’s Note: 9/10/13 » Dear 9/11 Truth Advocate,Since 2002, 911truth.org has been a trusted resource for accurate news and information related to the crimes of September 11th, 2001. A small group of committed truth advocates has worked tirelessly over the years to compile this historical record, not found in either establishment history books or mainstream media. It continues to be developed, added to, corrected and enhanced as time goes on. 911Truth.org is the oldest continuously published website pertaining to the crimes of 9/11/2001, in furtherance of our mission “to provide, the best in investigative reporting, scholarly research and public education regarding the suppressed realities of September 11th, its aftermath and exploitation for political ends, the toxic air cover-up, and the anthrax attacks; mindful always of standards of fact and logic, the limits of what we know in the absence of official investigative powers, and the dangers of rumor and unconfirmed or false claims.” This website represents the work of thousands of researchers, students, activists, academics and concerned citizens who have contributed literally millions of hours toward that end. Without the generous support of myriad contributors to 911truth.org, none of this would have been possible. It is with heartfelt appreciation that we approach the 12th anniversary of 9/11 with the launch of a new, streamlined 911truth.org in furtherance of our mission. It is our goal to offer the mountains of information in a more easily searchable format better able to be used as a research tool. By adding a tag cloud and expanded menu choices, in addition to more clearly defined categories, we have enabled readers to find information on any topic of interest — quickly and easily. It is also now possible to review all entries within each category in reverse chronological order. In addition, all articles within the site can be custom sorted by using any category and tag combination with the following URL syntax: http://www.911truth.org/?category_name=xxx&tag=yyy (for example, Begin Questioning about Air Defense Failures: http://www.911truth.org/?category_name=begin_questioning&tag=air-defens e-failures). We trust readers will welcome this change. The new site is the result of nearly a year of concerted effort by a single individual almost entirely pro bono. There is much left to be done. Your financial support is required to finish the job. Please make as generous a contribution as you are able at our Donate page. What will your contribution support? • Completion of the 911truth.org Media page, an enormous compilation of audio and video resources from truth advocates, conference presentations, media appearances, radio shows, speaking events and more. • While organizing these many pieces of information we’ve realized much is missing as we’ve gone through 12 years of history, such as original news reporting on bin Laden’s funeral from Egyptian and Pakistani newspapers, statements from 9/11 Commission staffers and others, etc. • Linking to archived versions of websites that have gone offline so as to preserve the valuable work that has been done by others. We genuinely appreciate your support over time and ask that you continue contributing to this truth telling tool so that it remains available for generations to come. We believe truth always wins, and that light always overcomes darkness … always. Thank you for your part in shining that light. With best wishes, 911Truth.org Copyright © 2013. 911Truth.org. All Rights Reserved. TOP § The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [DailyTimeline.htm&j=n] September 11 News.com - September Daily Timeline - Timeline & chronology of events since the 9/11/2001 terrorist attack on America. September 11 News.com - September Daily Timeline - Timeline & chronology of events since the 9/11/2001 terrorist attack on America. September 11 News.com - September Daily Timeline - Timeline & chronology of events since the 9/11/2001 terrorist attack on America. September 11 News.com - September Daily Timeline - Timeline & chronology of events since the 9/11/2001 terrorist attack on America. Click on the September Timeline photos for a larger image. WTC Attacked 9/11 September 2001 Daily Timeline & Images. A Daily Chronology and Timeline of Events From September 11, 2001 to September 30, 2001. ©September11News.com Click on the photos and graphics for a larger image. Photos © AP or Reuters Click on the September Timeline photos for a larger image. NYC Aerial Sept 23 ©September11News.com On Tuesday morning, September 11, 2001, the U.S. is attacked by terrorists in New York City and Washington, and the world changes forever. Sept. 11: Hijacked jetliners hit the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon outside Washington. A fourth hijacked plane crashes into a field in Pennsylvania. Trading on Wall Street is stopped. The Federal Aviation Administration halts all flight operations at the nation's airports for the first time in U.S. history. U.S. military is placed on high alert. President Bush addresses the nation and vows to "find those responsible and bring them to justice." Hundreds of New York City firemen and policemen sent to rescue WTC workers are lost when the WTC Twin Towers collapse. Reaction from international leaders is swift as world leaders react with outrage over the attacks. Go to Attack Images/Morning Timeline. Go to Bush Images/Timeline. Sept. 12: New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani warns death toll will be in the thousands at the trade center. Firefighters continue to douse flames in New York and Washington. Bush labels attacks "acts of war" and asks Congress to devote $20 billion to help rebuild and recover. Click on the September Timeline photos for a larger image. America is Attacked Click on the September Timeline photos for a larger image. World Trade Center Sept. 13: Fighting back tears, Bush vows that America will "lead the world to victory" over terrorism in a struggle he termed the first war of the 21st century. Secretary of State Colin Powell identifies Osama Bin Laden as the prime suspect. The United States will respond with a sustained military campaign, not a single strike, Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz says. Air travel resumes. Go to profile of Osama bin Laden. Sept. 14: Bush declares national emergency and gives military authority to call 50,000 reservists to active duty. Justice Department releases names of the 19 hijackers. Afghanistan's Taliban militia warns of "revenge" if United States attacks it for harboring bin Laden. Bush leads four former presidents and nation in prayer at National Cathedral and visits trade center. Sept. 15: President Bush says U.S. troops will hunt down terrorists in a long, unrelenting war; cites desire by American people not only for revenge, but to end "barbaric behavior." The State Department warns governments will be isolated if they tolerate or assist terrorist groups. Pakistan agrees to the full list of U.S. demands for a possible attack on neighboring Afghanistan. Click for a larger image. President Bush becomes emotional when discussing the September 11 attacks. George W. Bush Click for a larger image. The Bush family and the Clinton family at Washington prayer service on September 14, 2001. National Cathedral Sept. 16: President Bush pledges "crusade" to "rid the world of evil-doers," brushes off reported Osama bin Laden denial. U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney warns that those who harbor terrorists face "the full wrath of the United States." Pakistani official says senior delegation sent to Afghanistan to deliver U.S. message: hand over Osama bin Laden or risk massive assault. Click on the September 16th photo of the NYC skyline for a larger image. NYC Skyline Sept 16 Sept. 17: The supreme leader of Afghanistan's hardline Taliban says a grand council of Islamic clerics will decide whether to hand over bin Laden. The Federal Reserve cuts its key interest rate to try to keep the economy from plunging into a recession. Investors send stocks reeling on Wall Street's first day of trading since the attacks. The list of people FBI wants detained in the United States and abroad grows to nearly 200. Click on the September 17th photo of the NYSE floor for a larger image. NYSE Opens Again Sept. 18: Taliban leaders call on Muslims to wage holy war on America if it attacks. U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld says administration preparing sustained offensive against terrorists and countries that support them. Bush leads nation in moment of silence. Authorities say federal grand jury in New York has opened investigation. Sept. 19: Pentagon orders combat aircraft to bases in Persian Gulf. Bush continues push to enlist global support in the battle against terrorism, meeting with the Indonesian president and calling leaders of South Africa and South Korea; foreign ministers of Russia and Germany meet with Powell. Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf seeks to reassure his country the war against terrorism does not target Islam or people of Afghanistan. Thousands of Afghans flee toward borders. Sept. 20: In national address, Bush announces creation of a Cabinet-level Office of Homeland Security and names Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Ridge to coordinate efforts to prevent terrorism. Bush directs U.S. military forces to "be ready" for the gathering battle: "The hour is coming when America will act and you will make us proud." Islamic clerics urge bin Laden to voluntarily leave Afghanistan. Pentagon announces that 5,131 members of the Air Force National Guard and Air Force Reserve ordered to active duty. Go to President Bush's address to Congress. Sept. 21: Taliban rulers refuse to hand over bin Laden and warn that any U.S. attacks could plunge region into crisis. Taliban troops take up positions in the jagged mountain peaks on Afghanistan's border with Pakistan. Thousands demonstrate in Pakistan's major cities. Pentagon commits more aircraft to the Persian Gulf. German authorities say they believe a terrorist group based there began planning the U.S. attacks as far back as 1999. Click for a larger image. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld at the Pentagon. Donald Rumsfeld Click on the photo of Homeland Security chief Tom Ridge for a larger image. Homeland Security Click for a larger image. President George W. Bush addresses the nation on September 20th. Speech to Congress Sept. 22: The Taliban say they shot down unmanned spy plane in northern Afghanistan. United Arab Emirates cuts diplomatic relations with Taliban for refusing to surrender Osama bin Laden. President Bush meets with advisers at Camp David, Md., as Pentagon orders ships and planes to Middle East. Click on the September 20th photo of WTC missing persons posters for a larger image. NYC Wall of Posters Sept. 23: U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell promises to lay out evidence against Osama bin Laden. Donald Rumsfeld confirms the United States lost contact with an unmanned spy plane over Afghanistan. Taliban leadership says it can't find bin Laden to advise him to leave the country. U.S. officials dismiss the claim. President Bush returns the American flag to full staff at Camp David, symbolically ending the period of national mourning. Click on the September 23rd photo of dust in a Battery Park City apartment for a larger image. Manhattan Apt. Dust Sept. 24: President Bush signs an order freezing the assets of 27 people and organizations, calling it a strike at financial foundation of terrorists. He demands foreign banks follow the U.S. lead. Osama bin Laden calls on Pakistan's Muslims to fight "the American crusade." The ruling Taliban say they are dispatching 300,000 fighters to defend Afghanistan's borders. The United Nations says the Taliban threaten to kill U.N. relief workers in Afghanistan. Click on the September 24th photo of a rescue worker at the WTC for a larger image. WTC Site Sept. 24 Sept. 25: The United States and six of the world's richest nations agree to produce coordinated plan to freeze the assets of all terrorist organizations. Saudi Arabia cuts ties with the Taliban government. Osama bin Laden's organization makes a fresh call to arms, saying "wherever there are Americans and Jews, they will be targeted." The Pentagon calls nearly 2,000 more reservists to active duty, bringing to 14,318 the number of Reserve and National Guard members called so far. Click for a larger image. U.S. forces depart for the Persian Gulf. USS Enterprise Sept. 26: U.S. and Pakistani officials end two days of talks in Islamabad, with Pakistani leader saying nations agree on military preparations for combating bin Laden's terrorist network in Afghanistan. Thousands storm abandoned U.S. Embassy compound in Afghan capital of Kabul. United Nations agency says assault on Afghanistan could send up to 1.5 million refugees into Pakistan and other neighboring countries. Click on the September 27th photo of WTC prayers for a larger image. WTC Priest Prayers Sept. 27: Taliban acknowledge they can communicate with bin Laden, saying they have given him a week-old message from clerics that he leave the country voluntarily. Bush announces plan to bolster airline security, including expanded use of federal marshals on airliners. At Bush's urging, governors around the nation plan to use the National Guard troops for airport security. Sept. 28: Bush says United States "in hot pursuit" of terrorists. Administration official says U.S. special forces have conducted scouting missions in Afghanistan. Pakistani delegation fails to persuade leader of Afghanistan's ruling Taliban to surrender terrorist suspect bin Laden. The U.N. Security Council unanimously approves a U.S.-sponsored resolution demanding all nations take sweeping action against terrorism. Attorney General John Ashcroft says authorities have arrested or detained more than 480 people. Click for a larger image. The Taliban is defiant in the face of the American attacks against the Taliban. Taliban Ambassador Click for a larger image. The target of the Afghanistan campaign is Osama bin Laden and the Al-Qaeda network. Sept. 29: In national radio address, Bush says nation's defense against more attacks will be to "aggressively and methodically" disrupt and destroy terrorism. Thousands rally in Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Barcelona, Spain to discourage armed retaliation. Anti-war protests draw hundreds in Austin, Texas, and Athens, Greece. The United Nations resumes food shipments to prevent starvation in Afghanistan. Sept. 30: The Taliban say explicitly for the first time that Osama bin Laden is still in Afghanistan and is being kept in a secret location. Pakistani president says even under threat of U.S. military strikes, hopes "very dim" bin Laden would be surrendered. Afghanistan opposition says territory gained and hundreds of Taliban soldiers defected during three days of fighting in northern mountains. Foreign aid workers in Iran stockpile emergency rations for possible waves of Afghan refugees. Please visit Royal Roofing to contact a specialized residential roofing contractor. Click on the photo of Osama bin Laden for a larger image. Osama bin Laden September 11 News Archives - The Year That Followed 9/11 Complete News Timelines and Photo Archives following the September 11, 2001 Attack on America. September 11, 2001 - September 11, 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. September 2001 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. October 2001 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. November 2001 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. December 2001 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. January 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. February 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. March 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. April 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. May 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. June 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. July 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. August 2002 Archived News, Photos, Images, Pictures, and Newspapers from the September 11, 2001 Attack on America and the War on Terror That Followed the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Timeline Click here to go to 9/11 monthly timelines in news and photos. International events in the year that followed September 11, 2001. September 2002 CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. Copyright AP, Reuters or news service as indicated. © Copyright 2001- 2009 September11News.com About Us Contact Us The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives § Home The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [Mysteries1.htm&j=n] September 11 News.com - Heavenly crosses, and mysterious images, faces, and creatures in the smoke of the World Trade Center towers after the terrorist attacks in New York City on 9-11-2001. September 11 News.com - Heavenly crosses, and mysterious images, faces, and creatures in the smoke of the World Trade Center towers after the terrorist attacks in New York City on 9-11-2001. September 11 News.com - Heavenly crosses, and mysterious images, faces, and creatures in the smoke of the World Trade Center towers after the terrorist attacks in New York City on 9-11-2001. Many Mysterious Images and Objects are Seen in the WTC Smoke. Crosses are Seen Standing in the Ruins after the WTC Towers Collapse. Images and Crosses Editor's Comments ©September11News.com On the morning of September 11, 2001, I was working at my home office. After being informed of the first terrorist attack on the Trade Center towers I turned on the television and watched the horror unfold. I was shocked at the unimaginable destruction, and overwhelming loss of life. It was a tragedy beyond belief. As I watched that morning, I noticed a series of eerie faces in the billowing smoke. These images appeared to morph in the seemingly never-ending pillars of ugly black smoke. I made a mental note of these surreal apparitions, and I mentioned it to my wife. I did not discuss these sightings again. After all, I tend to see images in clouds. However the images I see in clouds are always pleasant images, usually animals. In assembling the archives for this site, I viewed thousands of images and newspaper covers. Again, I noticed the eerie faces in the still images of the smoke of the burning towers. They seemed to be present in not just one, but several of the burning tower images. Further research provided additional information and seemed to confirm what I was seeing. I was not alone in noticing these awful faces. Mark D. Phillips, a professional AP photographer in New York, captured an incredibly real image of an evil, devil-like face that is distinguishable on the side of the tower's exterior structure. The authenticity of this image has caused a bit of a stir. Our research has concluded that his image is original and not doctored. The Associated Press and Mark Phillips have unequivocally denied any tampering or enhancement of the image. In fact, neither AP or Phillips were aware of what the photograph appeared to reveal until the image was noticed by readers of US newspapers. When the photo appeared on an early Wednesday (Sept. 12) edition of the Saginaw (Michigan) Press, the phone calls began. (See images below.) Further reports indicate that both CNN and ABC have also captured additional devilish images on their television videotape coverage. (See images below.) Additional faces and images have also been identified by several others. (See images below.) The images on this page are not intended to frighten. They are what they are: mostly evil images from an evil act. I, like most people in the world, are convinced that goodness will prevail over evil, and we pray that the likes of these images will never be seen again. In a speech to the USA on September 11th, President Bush said, "Today, our nation saw evil." He may have been literally correct. Later in that same speech he also said, "Tonight, I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve, for the children whose worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil for you are with me." Not all images below depict evil faces. Some images depict angel-like images, objects, and flying creatures. We offer our research as an archive of the images that show something, whatever that something may be. There are also remarkable stories of NYC firemen dropping to their knees in prayer after seeing crosses rising up from the catastrophic ruins of the WTC towers. We begin this section with the original story of the crosses, images of one of the crosses, where the cross was originally sighted, and a memorial with the NYC Fire Department. We have also included memorable cross images from the days following the September 11th attacks. God Bless Our Earth. Crosses Standing in the Ruins of the WTC Towers. Images are ©AP or Reuters Click on the photos for a larger image. A cross of steel beams is left standing after the WTC towers collapse. Click on the image for a larger image. September 13, 2001 Steel cross found in WTC ruins. A cross of steel beams is left standing after the 9-11 WTC towers collapse. Click on the image for a larger image. The WTC cross becomes an inspiration to the Ground Zero workers. A cross of steel beams is left standing after the 9-11 WTC towers collapse. Click on the image for a larger image. Two FDNY Firemen raise hands at a cross ceremony on October 4, 2001, where the Cross was blessed and later moved. A cross of steel beams left standing after the 9-11 WTC towers collapse. Click on the image for a larger image. October 4, 2001 WTC cross is blessed by Father Jordan. Click on the June 2002 WTC Cross news photo for a larger image. June 20, 2002 Vatican WTC cross ceremony. Subsequent to the NY Post story below, we located a photograph of one of the original crosses found on the top of the rubble (image above). It is the same cross used in the October 4th memorial ceremony with the New York City Fire Department. The cross of steel beams was blessed at Ground Zero on the northwestern side of the World Trade Center attack site. The cross was found by a laborer at the site two days after the twin towers' collapsed and later moved to its present location. Father Brian Jordan blessed the cross. The cross was from World Trade Tower One, and was found in World Trade Building Six, and then moved to the October 4, 2001 location. (Click on the photographs for larger images.) On September 23, 2001, The New York Post Published the Following Story: © NY Post You are looking at what some people believe is a miracle. Two days after the disaster, a construction worker found several perfectly formed crosses planted upright in a pit in the rubble of the heavily damaged 6 World Trade Center. The large, cross-shaped metal beams just happened to fall that way when one of the towers collapsed. An FBI chaplain who has spent days at ground zero says he has not seen anything like it on the vast site. As word of the find has spread at ground zero, exhausted and emotionally overwhelmed rescue workers have been flocking to the site to pray and meditate. "People have a very emotional reaction when they see it," says the Rev. Carl Bassett, an FBI chaplain. "They are amazed to see something like that in all the disarray. There's no symmetry to anything down there, except those crosses." Chaplain Ray Giunta of Sacramento, Calif., has been to the crosses to pray with rescue workers. "One of the firefighters pointed to them last night and told me, ‘There's my angel,'" Giunta said. The angel protecting the pit where the crosses were found is the Brooklyn-born hardhat who found them: a gentle giant named Frank Silecchia. Silecchia, 47, who now lives in Little Ferry, N.J., found the crosses on the Thursday morning immediately following the collapse of the towers. He marked the site by spray-painting on a nearby wall the words "God's House," and a directional arrow. "The crosses are just shards of steel that came from the Tower 1 [the north tower], and went right through the roof of Building 6 and destroyed the entire center of it," he explained. "When I first saw it, it took my heart, and made me cry for about 20 minutes," he says. "It helped me heal the burden of my despair, and gave me closure on the whole catastrophe." In subsequent days, Silecchia, a born-again Christian, led his fellow rescue workers and others - many of whom were grieving the loss of loved ones - to the crosses. A veteran firefighter who had been digging through the twisted metal for his lost firefighter son. An angry cop who lost someone in the collapse. A Vatican representative, who photographed the crosses for the pope. And ABC's Barbara Walters. He says they all left in peace. "Barbara Walters' niece lost her son in the building," he said. "Barbara told me she wanted people to see the House of God, so people who needed healing could find it." September Cross Images Reflect the Tragic Loss of Life Images are ©AP or Reuters Click on the photos for a larger image. Click on the September 2001 Cross photos for larger images. September 24, 2001 Prayers for America Cross Memorial at London, U.K., Park. Click on the September 2001 Cross photos for larger images. September 23, 2001 Five Thousand White Crosses are Placed in a Field in Guthrie, Oklahoma to Honor the WTC victims. Click on the September 2001 Cross photos for larger images. September 23, 2001 Guthrie, OK Memorial Click on the September 2001 Cross photos for larger images. September 23, 2001 Cross Found in the Ruins of the St. Nicholas Church. Click on the September 2001 Cross photos for larger images. September 23, 2001 Guthrie, OK Memorial The Image Captured in a Photograph by Mark D. Phillips of Stellar Images. Images are ©Mark D. Phillips and Stellar Images. Click on the images for a larger view. Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Images are ©Mark D. Phillips and Stellar Images. Image as Reported in USA Newspapers Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Images are ©Mark D. Phillips and Stellar Images. Image from USA News Service Site September 11 News faces in the WTC smoke. Images are ©Mark D. Phillips and Stellar Images. Enlarged Image of Face in the Smoke Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Images are ©Mark D. Phillips and Stellar Images. Image from USA News Service Site The images above are from internet news services. To read the testimonial of authenticity of this image, or to read the bio on the photographer, go to the photographer's web site at Stellar Images. The Images Captured on Videotape by CNN and WABC. Images are ©CNN and WABC. Click on the images for a larger view. Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Television Videotape Image / WABC News Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Television Videotape Image / CNN Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. TV Videotape Image Enlarged / CNN The images above are from internet news services. Unusual Face Discovered After Second Tower is Attacked. Images are ©AP Click on the images for a larger view. Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Daily Record New Jersey Sunday, Sept 16 While compiling newspaper archives, September 11 News noticed what appears to be an eerie clown like mask on the side of the WTC tower. The photo appeared on the cover of the Sunday, September 16th edition of the New Jersey Daily Record (left). We then located the original AP Photo (right). The AP photo was taken moments after Flight 175 hit the WTC South Tower at 9:03 AM EDT. This AP photo is very similar to the image captured on videotape by CNN (shown above), and an image on the Internet (shown below). Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. September 11 News faces in the WTC smoke. Images of Faces Seen in the Smoke of the WTC Towers. The following images were posted on the internet by the individual as shown. Click on the images for a larger view. Enlargements show outlines. Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Evil Face Posted by D. Caprio Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Evil Face Posted by M. Masi This image is also apparent on newspaper and CNN above. Masi's image has traced a complete body. Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Evil Face Posted by D. Caprio Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Angel Image Posted by J. Destafano Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Face of God? Posted by G. Howard Click on the WTC face in the smoke image for a larger image. Mystery Face Posted by J. Reyes A Mysterious Flying Creature Departs the Collapsing WTC Tower. Images are © Reuters Click on the images for a larger view. September 11 News images in the WTC smoke. A flying creature departs the top of the collapsing WTC South Tower (Seq.1) September 11 News mysterious images in the WTC smoke. Click on this photograph for a larger image. South Tower Seq. 1 September 11 News mysterious images in the WTC smoke. Click on this photograph for a larger image. South Tower Seq. 2 September 11 News mysterious images in the WTC smoke. Click on this photograph for a larger image. South Tower Seq. 3 On September 11, 2001, at 10:00 A.M. EDT, the WTC South Tower collapses. September 11 News has discovered an image above the tower as it begins to collapse. The winged creature appears bird-like, and seems to be backing up and flying away from the top of the tower. In the Reuters photograph sequence above you can see the image as it appears to leave the top of the falling tower. September 11 News mysterious images in the WTC smoke. Close-Up South Tower Seq. 1 When we zoomed in on the flying creature we also noticed a bear-like creature across from the winged animal. The bear is on top of the North Tower with a leg and paw on the side of the building. He appears to be looking at the departure of the South Tower creature. A Mysterious Flying Object Near the WTC Tower Captured on Videotape. Images are © Gamma News & Fox News Click on the images for a larger view. A mysterious flying object near the WTC Tower captured on videotape. Click on the photo for a large image. Fox News Seq. 1 A mysterious flying object near the WTC Tower captured on videotape. Click on the photo for a large image. Fox News Seq. 2 A mysterious flying object near the WTC Tower captured on videotape. Click on the photo for a large image. Fox News Seq. 3 A mysterious flying object near the WTC Tower captured on videotape. Click on the photo for a large image. Fox News Seq. 4 A mysterious flying object near the WTC Tower captured on videotape. Click on the photo for a large image. Fox News Seq. 5 A flying mystery object was captured on Fox News videotape moments after a second aircraft crashed into New York's World Trade Center. Stills from the video, taken by Gamma Press USA, showing the twin towers from an east angle, reveal an unknown object moving at a 90 degree angle to the second plane's flight path. A close examination of the footage appears to first show the object flashed by sunlight, above the left tower, a full 10 seconds after impact of the second airliner. The mystery object quickly streaks across the the back of the right tower before swooping down at a rapid clip and out of the camera's frame. Crucifix at Ground Zero Fine Art Poster September11News.com, in association with art.com, present a special commemorative fine art poster featuring the steel beam cross found at Ground Zero with the original inscriptions. Click on the September 11, 2001 Steel Beam Cross art to order this art image from art.com. Click on the steel beam cross image for poster information. Click on the September 11, 2001 Steel Beam Cross art to order this art image from art.com. Read more mysteries, including how the number 11 mysteriously dominates the events of September 11, 2001. Go to the Mystery of the Elevens. Click here to read how the number 11 dominates the events of September 11, 2001. Many scholars, astronomers, and theologians believe The Star of Bethlehem was seen on Sept.11, 3 B.C. Go to September 11 in History. Click here to read the significant events of the last 2000 years on September 11th. [spon.jpg] Where is my Vote? - CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. Copyright AP, Reuters or news service as indicated. © Copyright 2001- 2009 September11News.com About Us Advertising Contact Us The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives § The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [Mysteries2.htm&j=n] September 11 News.com - The Mystery of Number 11 on 9/11/2001- The mysterious coincidence of the number eleven in the events of the September 11th attack on America. September 11 News.com - The Mystery of Number 11 on 9/11/2001- The mysterious coincidence of the number eleven in the events of the September 11th attack on America. September 11 News.com - The Mystery of Number 11 on 9/11/2001- The mysterious coincidence of the number eleven in the events of the September 11th attack on America. September 11 News.com - The Mystery of Number 11 on 9/11/2001- The mysterious coincidence of the number eleven in the events of the September 11th attack on America. The Number 11 Mysteriously Dominates the Events of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks in the USA. The Number 11 Editor's Comments ©September11News.com The number 11 has been linked to mystery and power since ancient times. All forms of number research and study, including Numerology, the ancient science of Gematria, and the secret wisdom of Kabbalah, all give significant importance to 11, and 11 derivatives - 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, and 99. The number 11 is considered a master number. The first Great War, World War 1, ended on the 11th hour, of the 11th day, of the 11th month. To this day, victims and veterans are remembered at that specific time. In Tolkein's The Lord of the Rings, the number 11 is described as a curious number, and reaching your 111th birthday is an event. The USA skipped sequence numbers on the Apollo moon missions to ensure it was Apollo 11 that landed on the moon. In ancient Egypt King Tutankhamen's tomb had combinations of 11 in the jewelry he wore, and he had 11 oars placed on the floor surrounding his tomb. The number 11, and particularly the number 33, have significance to Freemasons, and other secretive groups. In addition, there have been thousands of people worldwide who have recently expressed a strong feeling towards 11. This has been widely reported for the last 5-10 years, and is now commonly referred to as the 11:11 experience, referring to the time of 11:11. The overwhelming quantity of elevens, surfacing from the events, people, and places related to the 9-11-2001 attacks, is remarkable. It is as if someone planned the events to occur around the number eleven. If it was not planned, then the coincidence of the numbers, seems even more mysterious and improbable. We have also found an 11-year cycle in Osama bin Laden's life. The life changing events occur every 11 years, when bin Laden is 11, 22, 33, and 44. We have uncovered several patterns of elevens that have occurred before, during, and after the attacks. The Dates The date of the attack: 9/11 - 9 + 1 + 1 = 11. September 11 has 9 letters and 2 numbers: 9+2=11. The number 911 is the telephone number for emergencies in North America. September 11th is the 254th day of the year: 2 + 5 + 4 = 11. After September 11th there are 111 days left to the end of the year. March 11, 2002, marked 6 months since the attack, and fell in the 11th week of 2002. On March 11, 2002, New York City lit the sky with 88 (8 x 11 = 88) powerful GE bulbs that sent light beams into the sky from the World Trade Center site. The next morning, on March 12, 2002, 11 FDNY firemen were recovered from Ground Zero. Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. New York City - 11 Letters Flight AA11 & The Target Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. New York City - 11 Letters The first plane to hit the towers was American Airlines Flight 11. The Flight 11 call letters were AA11: A=1, A=1, AA=11. Four of the hijackers on flight AA11 have the initials A. A. for their names: AA=11. The fifth AA11 hijacker was the pilot, Mohamed Atta, 11 letters, and AA in last name. Flight AA11 had 92 people on board - 9 + 2 = 11. Flight AA11 had 11 crew members - 2 pilots and 9 flight attendants. The target of Flight AA11 was in New York City -11 letters. The State of New York was the 11th State added to the Union. Manhattan Island was discovered on Sept. 11, 1609 by Henry Hudson -11 letters. Trade Center is 11 letters, and Skyscrapers is 11 letters. World Trade Center Towers is 22 letters - 2 x 11 =22. The WTC Twin Towers - standing side by side, look like the number 11. The WTC Towers are each 110-storeys high. The first WTC tower hit (North Tower) collapses at 10:28 A.M. -1+2+8=11. The 1st Fire Unit to arrive to the WTC towers was FDNY Unit 1. Unit 1 lost 11 firemen. The WTC towers collapsed to a height of 11 stories. After 99 days of burning, NYC declares the WTC fires are extinguished - 9 x 11 = 99. The World Trade Center fires burn continuously for 99 days, between September 11, 2001 and December 19, 2001. The World Trade Center fire is the longest burning commercial fire in U.S. history. On September 7, 2002, NYC Medical Examiners announced the revised official death toll from the World Trade Center attacks was 2,801 - (2+8+0+1 = 11). On the morning of September 11, 2002 the names of 2,801 victims were read at a Ground Zero Ceremony. It took 2 ½ hours to read all the names. Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The Pentagon - 11 letters Flight UA77 & The Target Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The Pentagon - 11 letters The plane that hit the Pentagon was United Airlines Flight 77 -11 x 7 =77. Flight 77 - 65 on board - 6 + 5 = 11. The target of Flight 77 was The Pentagon - 11 Letters. One of the walls of The Pentagon collapses at 10:10 A.M. Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Colin Powell - 11 letters People & Places Click on the images for a larger image. The number 11 mysteriously dominates the events, the dates, and the people involved with the September 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. George W. Bush - 11 letters According to the FBI, earlier terrorists originally planned to hijack 11 planes. Thirty days after the attack, the FBI releases a Most Wanted Terrorist List with 22 names. Mohammed, the prophet of the Muslim faith, died in 632 A.D. - 6+3+2=11. The Taliban's Manual of Afghan Jihad (Holy War) is 11 volumes. 119 is the area code to Iraq/Iran - 1 + 1 + 9 = 11. The League of Arab States is comprised of 22 Arab nations - 2 x 11 = 22. The suspected base of the terrorists is Afghanistan - 11 Letters. Osama bin Laden's birthplace is Saudi Arabia - 11 letters. Ramzi Yousef - convicted of orchestrating the 1993 WTC attack - 11 Letters. The Prime Minister of Israel - Ariel Sharon - 11 Letters. Deputy PM, & Minister of Foreign Affairs for Israel - Shimon Peres - 11 Letters. President Bush and the White House Elevens ©September11News.com The President of the USA - George W. Bush - 11 letters. The previous USA President - Bill Clinton - 11 letters. The US Secretary of State - Colin Powell - 11 letters. Independence Day in the USA is July 4th - 7 + 4 = 11. The US President's plane is Air Force One - 11 letters. George W. Bush's Air Force One is numbered "29000" on the tail - 2+9+0+0+0 = 11. George W. Bush & Bob Beckwith (11 letters) Fireman #164 - 1+6+4 = 11. Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beckwith (FDNY #164) September 14th image for a larger image. Bush & Bob Beckwith Daily News Sept. 15th Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beckwith (FDNY #164) September 14th image for a larger image. Bush & Bob Beckwith Sept. 17th Time Cover Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beckwith (FDNY #164) September 14th image for a larger image. Bush & Bob Beckwith Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beckwith (FDNY #164) September 14th image for a larger image. Bush & Bob Beckwith Sept. 14, 2001 WTC Ground Zero Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beckwith (FDNY #164) February 25th image for a larger image. Feb. 25, 2002 Ceremony George W. Bush & Bob Beckwith Fireman #164 On September 14, 2001 U.S. President George W. Bush visited Ground Zero at the World Trade Center. In a now famous series of images President Bush uses a speaker (bull horn) to encourage WTC rescue workers. Bush is flanked by a New York City fireman. The fireman is Bob Beckwith and the number on his fireman's hat is 164 (1 + 6 + 4 = 11). Also, Bob Beckwith is 11 letters. George W. Bush & Saddam Hussein's "11 Long Years" Commencing in early September 2002 President George W. Bush refers to Saddam's last "11 years" in virtually every major speech he gave in September, 2002. The following is a Bush speech on September 5, 2002, as quoted from The New York Times, "For 11 long years, Sadam Hussein has sidestepped, crawfished, and wheedled, out of any agreement he made not to harbor or develop weapons of mass destruction." Osama bin Laden's History with Plane Crashes and an 11-Year Cycle. ©September11News.com We also note that the September 11 attacks were not the only plane crashes related to Osama bin Laden. In 1968 Osama bin Laden's father, Mohammed Awad bin Laden, died in a plane crash. Osama, born in 1957, was 11 years old at the time. Osama's oldest brother, Salem bin Laden, then took over the family business. Twenty years later in 1988, Salem also died in a plane crash. The plane that crashed was a BAC 1-11. Click on the Osama bin Laden image for a larger view. Osama bin Laden's life follows an 11-year cycle. Father and brother die in plane crashes. There is a notable eleven year cycle in Osama bin Laden's life that begins at 11, when his father dies in 1968. This is the age that Osama "turned to God." Eleven years later, in 1979, when Osama is 22, Russia invades Afghanistan. Osama says, "I was enraged and went there at once." Another eleven years later, in 1990, when Osama is 33, Iraq invades Kuwait, and American forces land in Saudi Arabia. Again Osama was infuriated, he forms al-Qaeda, and says that Americans troops were now "in our most holy lands." Another eleven years later, in 2001, when Osama is 44, Osama's organization attacks America in New York and Washington. The four life changing events in Osama bin Laden's life occur in an 11-year cycle beginning at 11 and continuing every 11 years. Osama's defining moments occur when he is 11, 22, 33, and 44. Click on the Osama bin Laden image for a larger view. Osama bin Laden's life follows an 11-year cycle. Life follows an 11 year cycle at ages 11, 22, 33, and 44. Osama bin Laden notices dates. The bombings of the USA Embassies in Tanzania and Kenya, occurred on August 7, 1998. The American troops landed in Saudi Arabia, bin Laden's homeland, on August 7, 1990. Anthrax Hits America Within Weeks of the September 11 Attacks. Is this the Eleventh Plague? On March 25, 2001 CBC Canada Broadcast a Report Called: Bio-terrorism: the Eleventh Plague © CBC / Producer Bob Carty Following is an excerpt from the CBC broadcast. Swarms of frogs, gnats, flies and locusts. Livestock diseased. People with boils. Hail storms that kill, rivers that turn to blood, daytime that turns dark. And the death of the firstborn child. Those are the ten terrible plagues of the Old Testament. Today, however, scientists and military experts say we should be worried about a new affliction - the eleventh plague. It's the use of living things like plague, smallpox, anthrax, and new diseases like Ebola, as weapons of mass destruction - and mass terror. Strategic experts say that a dozen nation states and an equal number of terrorist groups may now possess biological weapons. That possibility is why, just six weeks ago, officials evacuated hundreds of people from buildings in Ottawa, Toronto and Vancouver when it was feared that they had been infected by biological agents. For a long time, officials in western democratic societies were reluctant to talk about biological terrorism. Talking about it might encourage it. But that's changed in the last few years. The threat of a biological attack against a North American city is now so great that officials feel the topic must be broached. And discussed. And assessed. The Eleventh Plague. The Eleventh Plague The Eleventh Plague was also the title of two books, both released prior to the September 2001 anthrax attacks. One is fiction, and one is non-fiction. The category of both books is bio-terrorism. The Eleventh Plague. The Eleventh Plague Click on the Oceans Eleven movie poster for a larger image. Oceans Eleven Oceans Eleven Finally we note that the new Hollywood version of Oceans Eleven is released only weeks after September 11, 2001. (The film was completed prior to 9/11).The star-studded film was so anticipated that the film opening topples the record-breaking Harry Potter movie from the #1 position at the movie box office. We also note the opening day of the film, which is clearly shown on the theatrical poster as "12-7-01". >>> Oceans Eleven release date 12-07-01 (1+2+7+1 = 11). Click on the Oceans Eleven movie posters for a larger image. Poster images ©Warner Bros. Click on the Oceans Eleven movie poster for a larger image. Oceans Eleven The winning numbers in the September 11, 2002 New York State Numbers lottery draw were 911. On September 11, 2002, exactly one year after the 9/11 attacks, the winning numbers drawn in the New York State Lottery for September 11, 2002 were: 9, 1, 1. The lottery is called "Numbers" and was broadcast live on television. The winning numbers in the September 11, 2002 New York State Numbers lottery draw were 911. On September 11, 2002 AP Reported the Following 9/11 NY Lottery Story © AP 9-1-1 Drawn on 9-11 in New York Lottery ALBANY, New York - On the first anniversary of the terrorist attacks, a date known as 9-11, the evening numbers drawn in the New York Lottery were 9-1-1. "The numbers were picked in the standard random fashion using all the same protocols," said lottery spokeswoman Carolyn Hapeman. "It's just the way the numbers came up. Lottery officials won't know until Thursday morning how many people played those numbers or the total payout", she said. For the evening numbers game, the New York Lottery selects from balls numbered zero to nine circulating in a machine at the lottery office. Three levers are pressed, and three balls are randomly brought up into tubes and then displayed. On September 12, 2002 AP Reported the Following 9/11 NY Lottery Story © AP By MICHAEL VIRTANEN, Associated Press Writer Eerie 9-1-1 Lottery Draws Interest ALBANY, N.Y. (AP) - Officials say it was just a coincidence, but many people found it chilling nonetheless: On the anniversary of Sept. 11, the winning numbers in the New York lottery were 9-1-1. Lottery officials said Thursday that 5,631 people had selected the tragic numbers. They won $500 each. "The numbers were picked in the standard random fashion using all the same protocols," said lottery spokeswoman Carolyn Hapeman. "It's just the way the numbers came up." The 9-1-1 combination was picked so often, it reached the lottery's set limit for combinations and sold out by Tuesday evening, Hapeman said. On any given day, seven to 10 sets of numbers are "closed out," she said. For the drawing, which is televised live, the lottery uses numbered balls circulating in a machine. When host Jolanda Vega pushes three levers, three balls pop up randomly. On Wednesday evening, there wasn't the slightest trace of a quaver in Vega's voice as she read out: "Nine ... one ... one." There is a 1-in-1,000 chance of the numbers 9-1-1 coming up in the lottery. "I'm a bit surprised, but I wouldn't characterize it as bizarre," said Christopher Rump, a probability expert at the University of Buffalo. "People tend to read into these things. I'm sure that whatever numbers come up tonight will have some special meaning to someone, somewhere." Lottery players said the eerie number sequence didn't make them think the draw was rigged. "It's not that unusual," said Bob Matusiak, who bought a ticket Thursday at a convenience store. A similar coincidence occurred Nov. 12 when the numbers 5-8-7 came up in the New Jersey lottery the day American Airlines Flight 587 crashed in New York City. Lottery ticket vendors said some people seemed reluctant to try their luck on the sequence even as they bet on it. "I think some people were disgusted with the idea of playing that number because it represents a black day in the history of America," Farzad Khosravi said. Hapeman said Wednesday was the first time in more than a year that the 9-1-1 combination had come up in the New York lottery. Crosses are found in the WTC ruins, and mysterious images are seen in the smoke of the WTC Towers. Go to Crosses & WTC Images. Click here to view the mysterious faces in the smoke of the WTC towers. Many scholars, astronomers, and theologians believe The Star of Bethlehem was seen on Sept.11, 3 B.C. Go to September 11 in History. Click here to read the significant events of the last 2000 years on September 11th. The Number 11 Dominates The Day That Changed The World - Sept. 11, 2001 The Number 11 Dominates The Man That Changed The World - Barack Obama The Mystery of Number 11 Obama and the Number 11 [EMBED] [EMBED] [spon.jpg] CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. Copyright AP, Reuters or news service as indicated. © Copyright 2001- 2009 September11News.com About Us Advertising Contact Us The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives § The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [InternationalReaction.htm&j=n] September11News.com - International Reaction & Images. Reaction and Images From World Leaders Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA.The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. September11News.com - International Reaction & Images. Reaction and Images From World Leaders Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA.The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. International Reaction to the September 11, 2001 Attacks in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington. Click on the thumbnail image for a larger image. Comments and Images of the World's Leaders Following the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks. All the photos, pictures, and images below are © AP, CP, or Reuters. In Their Own Words. British Prime Minister Tony Blair expressed horror and sent condolences to U.S. President George W. Bush. "There have been the most terrible, shocking events taking place in the United States of America within the last couple of hours," Blair says. "We can only imagine the terror and carnage there and the many, many innocent people who have lost their lives." This was "perpetrated by fanatics who are utterly indifferent to the sanctity of human life, and we, the democracies of this world, are going to have to come together to fight it and eradicate this evil completely from our world." Queen Elizabeth II said she was watching developments in "growing disbelief and total shock." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Blair: "Fanatics" Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon told Americans "Our hearts are with you and we are ready to provide any assistance at any time." Israel declared Wednesday a day of mourning and set up a blood bank for the injured. "This is a war between good and evil and between humanity and the bloodthirsty," said Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. He added that the attacks would be "a turning point in the war against international terror." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Sharon: "Good & Evil" French President Jacques Chirac expressed outrage, and assured the United States of France's support and sympathy. "France is deeply upset to learn of the monstrous attacks that have just struck the United States," says Chirac. "In these terrible circumstances, all French people stand by the American people. We express our friendship and solidarity in this tragedy." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Chirac: "Monstrous" Russian President Vladimir Putin holds a news conference and expresses deep sympathy to the American people, calling the incidents a "terrorist act, this terrible tragedy." Russian President Putin added, "the entire international community should unite in the struggle against terrorism . . . this is a blatant challenge to humanity." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Putin: "Unite" United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan said "There can be no doubt that these attacks are deliberate acts of terrorism, carefully planned and coordinated and as such I condemn them utterly. Terrorism must be fought resolutely wherever it appears." Chinese President Jiang Zemin sent a message to Bush, and expressed condolences to the family members of the victims of the attacks. He also expressed "grave concern" for the safety of Chinese in the United States. German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder said: "the German people stand by the United States of America at this difficult hour." "I want to express to you my deep condolences and my unlimited solidarity to you and the American people. Our sympathy goes to the victims and their relatives." Schroeder said, "They were not only attacks on the people in the United States, our friends in America, but also against the entire civilized world, against our own freedom, against our own values, values which we share with the American people." Calling Tuesday's attacks a threat to peace and freedom everywhere, he said, "We will not let these values be destroyed – in Europe, America or anywhere in the world." Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien calls the attacks "a cowardly act of unspeakable violence . . . It is impossible to fully comprehend the evil that would have conjured up such a cowardly and depraved assault." Chrétien was one of the first world leaders to speak to President Bush. Fearing additional attacks, all planes in the sky on the morning of September 11, 2001 were ordered to land at the closest airports, and Canada became an emergency landing site for hundreds of international and domestic flights bound for the USA. For several hours the Canada-US border was closed. LeadersChretien14th.jpg (21572 bytes) Chrétien: "Cowardly" Mexican President Vicente Fox said: "Today the whole world and here in Mexico began the day with this high-impact news, this criminal act of terrorism, which we reject along with all forms of violence. We want from here to express our solidarity and our support to all the victims of these acts of terrorism and their family members. We reiterate our complete, emphatic rejection of all forms of violence and all forms of terrorism." Japan's Prime Minister, Junichiro Koizumi, said "this outrageous and vicious act of violence against the United States is unforgivable." Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak called the attacks in New York and Washington "horrific" and added in a televised statement: "Egypt firmly and strongly condemns such attacks on civilians and soldiers that led to the deaths of a large number of innocent victims." Palestinian President Yasser Arafat said "I send my condolences, and the condolences of the Palestinian people to American President Bush and his government and to the American people for this terrible act," Arafat told reporters in Gaza. "We completely condemn this serious operation. . . . We were completely shocked . . . It's unbelievable, unbelievable, unbelievable," says a visibly upset Arafat. Sheik Ahmed Yassin, whose Islamic militant Hamas group has carried out a series of suicide bombings in Israel, said he was not interested in exporting such attacks to the United States. "We are not ready to move our struggle outside the occupied Palestinian land. We are not prepared to open international fronts, however much we criticize the unfair American position," Yassin told reporters in Gaza City. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Arafat: "Unbelievable" In Colombia, the government of President Andres Pastrana, struggling with its own decades-old civil war, "condemn and reject the cowardly and villainous terrorist attacks committed today against the American people." Pastrana was awaiting the first visit by U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell, scheduled to arrived in Bogotá later that day for a two-day visit. That trip was cancelled as Powell left a meeting of the Organization of American States he was attending in Lima for Washington. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Colin Powell leaves Lima Peru for U.S. In a rare afternoon television address, Taiwanese President Chen Shui-bian urged the public to stay calm, saying the island must "stick together when facing a possible change in the international situation." North Korea called the attacks "tragic," adding that it "is opposed to all forms of terrorism." The U.S. State Department lists North Korea among seven national "sponsors of terrorism." Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad Mahathir expressed sadness, but urged the U.S. government not to seek revenge. "Retaliation will lead to the deaths of many people and will be followed by more counter-strikes," he was quoted as saying. Addressing parliament, Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi said the Group of Eight – the seven leading industrialized nations and Russia – "are considering the possibility of holding a summit which can undertake concrete steps." At a special meeting, European Union foreign ministers asked "all Europeans to observe three minutes of silence" on Friday, Sept. 14th at 6 a.m. EDT. They declared Friday a "day of mourning" in all 15 EU nations because the attacks were "not only on the United States, but against humanity itself and the values of freedom we all share." The EU ministers said in a statement "There will be no safe haven for terrorists and their sponsors, the Union will work closely with the United States and all partners to combat international terrorism." NATO Secretary-General Lord Robertson said "An attack on one is an attack on all," after the alliance's 19 ambassadors decided to invoke Article 5 of the NATO charter for the first time in the alliance's history. "At the moment this is an act of solidarity," Robertson said, adding that the declaration "in no way" binds the United States "against taking action on its own." In a later statement, the NATO allies said "in the event of attacks ... each ally will assist (the United States) by taking such action as it deems necessary. Accordingly, the United States' NATO allies stand ready to provide the assistance that may be required as a consequence of these acts of barbarism." Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi, whom the United States has accused of backing international terrorism, called the attacks "horrifying" and urged Muslim aid groups to offer help "regardless of political considerations or differences between America and the peoples of the world." Gadhafi said, "Irrespective of the conflict with America it is a human duty to show sympathy with the American people, and be with them at these horrifying and awesome events which are bound to awaken human conscience." Syrian President Bashar Assad sent a condolence message to the White House, calling for "world cooperation to eradicate all kinds of terrorism." Iranian President Mohammad Khatami, a moderate who is struggling for power against the country's hard-line Islamic leaders, expressed "deep regret and sympathy with the victims" and said "it is an international duty to try to undermine terrorism." President Gen. Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan, one of three countries then recognizing the Taliban's government (Sept. 11), condemned the attacks and called for cooperation to combat the "modern-day evil" of terrorism. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 12, 2001 Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 13, 2001 Taliban's Ambassador to Pakistan, Mullah Abul Salam Zaeef, said "It is premature to level allegations against a person who is not in a position to carry out such attacks, it was a well-organized plan and Osama has no such facilities." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 14, 2001 Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Interpol puts bin Laden on their Wanted List. Taliban official Mutawakel tells journalists in Pakistan "where is the evidence" against Osama bin Laden. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. "No evidence" Pope John Paul II called the attacks an "unspeakable horror" which has thrust the U.S. into a "dark and tragic moment." The pontiff says, "I hurry to express to you and your fellow citizens my profound sorrow and my closeness in prayer for the nation." Addressing his weekly general audience in St. Peter's Square, Pope John Paul II told Americans that "those who believe in God know that evil and death do not have the final say." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures of world leaders for a larger image. September 11 news.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. Pope: "Unspeakable" Full Text of the Speech by Pope John Paul II from the Vatican on September 12, 2001 I cannot begin this audience without expressing my profound sorrow at the terrorist attacks which yesterday brought death and destruction to America, causing thousands of victims and injuring countless people. To the President of the United States and to all American citizens I express my heartfelt sorrow. In the face of such unspeakable horror we cannot but be deeply disturbed. I add my voice to all the voices raised in these hours to express indignant condemnation, and I strongly reiterate that the ways of violence will never lead to genuine solutions to humanity's problems. Yesterday was a dark day in the history of humanity, a terrible affront to human dignity. After receiving the news, I followed with intense concern the developing situation, with heartfelt prayers to the Lord. How is it possible to commit acts of such savage cruelty? The human heart has depths from which schemes of unheard-of ferocity sometimes emerge, capable of destroying in a moment the normal daily life of a people. But faith comes to our aid at these times when words seem to fail. Christ's word is the only one that can give a response to the questions which trouble our spirit. Even if the forces of darkness appear to prevail, those who believe in God know that evil and death do not have the final say. Christian hope is based on this truth; at this time our prayerful trust draws strength from it. With deeply felt sympathy I address myself to the beloved people of the United States in this moment of distress and consternation, when the courage of so many men and women of good will is being sorely tested. In a special way I reach out to the families of the dead and the injured, and assure them of my spiritual closeness. I entrust to the mercy of the Most High the helpless victims of this tragedy, for whom I offered Mass this morning, invoking upon them eternal rest. May God give courage to the survivors; may he sustain the rescue-workers and the many volunteers who are presently making an enormous effort to cope with such an immense emergency. I ask you, dear brothers and sisters, to join me in prayer for them. Let us beg the Lord that the spiral of hatred and violence will not prevail. May the Blessed Virgin, Mother of Mercy, fill the hearts of all with wise thoughts and peaceful intentions. Today, my heartfelt sympathy is with the American people, subjected yesterday to inhuman terrorist attacks which have taken the lives of thousands of innocent human beings and caused unspeakable sorrow in the hearts of all men and women of good will. Yesterday was indeed a dark day in our history, an appalling offence against peace, a terrible assault against human dignity. I invite you all to join me in commending the victims of this shocking tragedy to Almighty God's eternal love. Let us implore his comfort upon the injured, the families involved, all who are doing their utmost to rescue survivors and help those affected. I ask God to grant the American people the strength and courage they need at this time of sorrow and trial. Live September 11 News International Relations News Today's International Relations Headlines. Live News. Updated Every 15 Minutes. Click on the news headlines for the complete news story. Opens a new window. Click here for more information on the Earth by Night wall poster from art.com. Earth by Night Satellite Image Mosaic Click here for information on the Earth by Night Poster from art.com. International Relations News Read the International Reaction to the October 7, 2001 Air Strikes against the Taliban in Afghanistan. Click here to go to the October 7, 2001 archives of the U.S. airstrikes in Afghanistan. A complete archive of the day, including comments and reactions from world leaders, international newspaper covers, and President Bush's TV address to America. Click here to go to the October 7, 2001 archives of the U.S. airstrikes in Afghanistan. Read President George W. Bush's Reaction Following the September 11, 2001 Attack on America. Click here to go to President George W. Bush on September 11, 2001. Presidential timeline, speeches, and images. President Bush on September 11, 2001, includes the President's timeline that morning, and text of the speeches made that day. Plus images of the President the week following the attacks. Click here to go to President George W. Bush on September 11, 2001. Presidential timeline, speeches, and images. [spon.jpg] CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. Copyright AP, Reuters or news service as indicated. © Copyright 2001- 2009 September11News.com About Us Advertising Contact Us The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives § Home The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [PresidentBush.htm&j=n] September11News.com - President George W. Bush Reaction and Speeches Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA. The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. September11News.com - President George W. Bush Reaction and Speeches Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA. The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. September11News.com - President George W. Bush Reaction and Speeches Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA. The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. September11News.com - President George W. Bush Reaction and Speeches Following the September 11, 2001 Attacks in the USA. The attack on America on 09-11-2001 is a day of infamy. September 11 News has captured the news event with archived news, images, photos, pictures, news graphics, headlines of the day, web site archives, and the world's reaction. January 15, 2009 President George W. Bush Delivers Final Remarks on 9/11 in Farewell. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Below is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Below is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Below is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. This evening, my thoughts return to the first night I addressed you from this house, September 11, 2001. That morning, terrorists took nearly 3,000 lives in the worst attack on America since Pearl Harbor. I remember standing in the rubble of the World Trade Center three days later, surrounded by rescuers who had been working around the clock. I remember talking to brave souls who charged through smoke-filled corridors at the Pentagon and to husbands and wives whose loved ones became heroes aboard Flight 93. I remember Arlene Howard, who gave me her fallen son's police shield as a reminder of all that was lost. And I still carry his badge. As the years passed, most Americans were able to return to life much as it had been before 9/11. But I never did. Every morning, I received a briefing on the threats to our nation. And I vowed to do everything in my power to keep us safe. Over the past seven years, a new Department of Homeland Security has been created. The military, the intelligence community and the FBI have been transformed. Our nation is equipped with new tools to monitor the terrorists' movements, freeze their finances and break up their plots. And with strong allies at our side, we have taken the fight to the terrorists and those who support them. Afghanistan has gone from a nation where the Taliban harbored al Qaeda and stoned women in the streets to a young democracy that is fighting terror and encouraging girls to go to school. Iraq has gone from a brutal dictatorship and a sworn enemy of America to an Arab democracy at the heart of the Middle East and a friend of the United States. There is legitimate debate about many of these decisions, but there can be little debate about the results. America has gone more than seven years without another terrorist attack on our soil. This is a tribute to those who toil day and night to keep us safe -- law enforcement officers, intelligence analysts, homeland security and diplomatic personnel, and the men and women of the United States armed forces. Our nation is blessed to have citizens who volunteer to defend us in this time of danger. I have cherished meeting these selfless patriots and their families. And America owes you a debt of gratitude. And to all our men and women in uniform listening tonight, there has been no higher honor than serving as your commander in chief. The battles waged by our troops are part of a broader struggle between two dramatically different systems. Under one, a small band of fanatics demands total obedience to an oppressive ideology, condemns women to subservience and marks unbelievers for murder. The other system is based on the conviction that freedom is the universal gift of Almighty God and that liberty and justice light the path to peace. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crashed in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident. Click on the photos for a larger image. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crash landed in the Hudson River in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above text is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crash landed in the Hudson River in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above text is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crashed in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crash landed in the Hudson River in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above text is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crashed in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crash landed in the Hudson River in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above text is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. On January 15th, 2009, five days before the Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, President George W. Bush delivers his Farewell Address from the West Wing of the White House. President Bush speaks emphatically of the administration's strong record on homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Above is a portion of President's Bush nationally televised speech where he discusses September 11th in length. Ironically, on the same day as President Bush reflected on 9/11 a plane crashed in Manhattan. In what is called the "Miracle in Manhattan" all 155 passengers survived the incident on US Airways flight 1549 flying from New York to Charlotte. President Bush's Reaction and Speeches After the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington. Click on the thumbnail image for a larger image. Images of President George W. Bush Following the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks. All photos, pictures, and images below are © AP or Reuters. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. On the morning of Sept. 11, while at a school in Sarasota Florida, President George W. Bush is told of the 2nd attack on New York City. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. President Bush tells students and the nation of "an apparent attack." Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. President Bush asks for a moment of silence for victims. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. President Bush leaves Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana after speech (text below). Word of the tragedy first came to President Bush in the hallway of a school in Sarasota, Fla., moments after the first plane hit New York's World Trade Center. He went to a private room, where he spoke by phone with National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice; it appeared then that the matter could be just a terrible accident. Then, at 9:04 a.m., while Bush met with second-graders, staff chief Andrew H. Card Jr. whispered in his ear that a second plane had struck. Bush's sunny countenance went grim. After Card's whisper, Bush looked distracted and somber but continued to listen to the second-graders read and soon was smiling again. He joked that they read so well, they must be sixth-graders. After huddling with advisers, Bush entered the school's media center for what was to have been an education speech. He looked stunned, but by the time he reached the podium, he was composed and at 9:30 a.m. delivered the chilling news of "an apparent terrorist attack on our country." Complete Timeline of President George W. Bush on September 11, 2001. White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer provided the following details of President Bush's day on Tuesday, Sept. 11. All times are EDT. A soldier in front of Air Force One at Barksdale AFB on the morning of September 11, 2001. A soldier in front of Air Force One at Barksdale AFB on the morning of September 11, 2001. 9 a.m. – Bush arrives at Sarasota, Fla., school for speech. White House chief of staff Andrew Card tells him a plane has crashed into the World Trade Center. 9:05 a.m. – Bush is visiting a second-grade class when Card whispers to him that a second plane has struck the towers. President delays plans to address the tragedy, deciding to get more information first. 9:30 a.m. – Bush meets privately with National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice, who briefs him. He delivers first remarks on the tragedy. 10 a.m. – Aboard Air Force One en route to Louisiana, Bush calls Vice President Dick Cheney and puts America's military on a high alert status. Sifts through reports from staff, including erroneous report that a car bomb had struck the State Department. Gets news that plane has crashed near Pittsburgh. 11:40 a.m. – Bush arrives at Barksdale Air Force Base, La., where he makes series of telephone calls from a general's conference room. Tells Cheney in telephone call, "It's the faceless coward that attacks." He also talks to Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and New York Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y. 1:15 p.m. – Bush departs conference room for Air Force One in a camouflaged Humvee. Talks to Cheney again en route to Nebraska air force base and schedules a 4 p.m. meeting of his national security staff. Also talks to New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani and Gov. George Pataki. "I know your heart is broken and your city is strained and anything we can do, let me know," Bush says. 3:07 p.m. – Bush arrives at U.S. Strategic Command at Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska. 4:36 p.m. – Bush departs for Washington. En route, he calls first lady Laura Bush and says, "I'm coming home, see you at the White House." Works with aides on his prime-time speech. 7 p.m. – Bush arrives at White House to prepare for address. 8:30 p.m. – Bush speaks to nation (text below). 8:35 p.m. – Bush attends national security meeting. 10:21 p.m. – Meeting has ended. Secret Service radio squawks with news that Bush has gone home to bed: "Trailblazer. Second floor of the residence." In President George W. Bush's Own Words. The Speech Made by President Bush Within a Few Hours Following the September 11 Attacks. Speech made from the Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana. I want to reassure the American people that the full resources of the federal government are working to assist local authorities to save lives and to help the victims of these attacks. Make no mistake: The United States will hunt down and punish those responsible for these cowardly acts. I've been in regular contact with the Vice President, the Secretary of Defense, the national security team and my Cabinet. We have taken all appropriate security precautions to protect the American people. Our military at home and around the world is on high alert status, and we have taken the necessary security precautions to continue the functions of your government. We have been in touch with the leaders of Congress and with world leaders to assure them that we will do whatever is necessary to protect America and Americans. I ask the American people to join me in saying a thanks for all the folks who have been fighting hard to rescue our fellow citizens and to join me in saying a prayer for the victims and their families. The resolve of our great nation is being tested. But make no mistake: We will show the world that we will pass this test. God bless. [AABushSpeech3rdSp11thAP.jpg] Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. President Bush addresses the nation on the evening of September 11, 2001 from the Oval Office in the White House (text below). Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. In President George W. Bush's Own Words. The Speech Made by President Bush On the Evening of September 11, 2001. Speech made from the Oval Office. Good evening. Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes or in their offices: secretaries, business men and women, military and federal workers, moms and dads, friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. A great people has been moved to defend a great nation. Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve. America was targeted for attack because we're the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world. And no one will keep that light from shining. Today, our nation saw evil, the very worst of human nature, and we responded with the best of America, with the daring of our rescue workers, with the caring for strangers and neighbors who came to give blood and help in any way they could. Immediately following the first attack, I implemented our government's emergency response plans. Our military is powerful, and it's prepared. Our emergency teams are working in New York City and Washington, D.C., to help with local rescue efforts. Our first priority is to get help to those who have been injured and to take every precaution to protect our citizens at home and around the world from further attacks. The functions of our government continue without interruption. Federal agencies in Washington which had to be evacuated today are reopening for essential personnel tonight and will be open for business tomorrow. Our financial institutions remain strong, and the American economy will be open for business as well. The search is underway for those who are behind these evil acts. I've directed the full resources for our intelligence and law enforcement communities to find those responsible and bring them to justice. We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them. I appreciate so very much the members of Congress who have joined me in strongly condemning these attacks. And on behalf of the American people, I thank the many world leaders who have called to offer their condolences and assistance. America and our friends and allies join with all those who want peace and security in the world and we stand together to win the war against terrorism. Tonight I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve, for the children whose worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil for you are with me." This is a day when all Americans from every walk of life unite in our resolve for justice and peace. America has stood down enemies before, and we will do so this time. None of us will ever forget this day, yet we go forward to defend freedom and all that is good and just in our world. Thank you. Good night and God bless America. Click on the President George W. Bush and Bob Beck (FDNY #164) September 14th image for a larger image. September 14, 2001 President Bush with New York City Fireman Bob Beck at Ground Zero of the World Trade Center. President George W. Bush and Senior U.S. Government Officials in the Days Following the Attacks. September 11, 2001 to September 14, 2001. Click on the thumbnail image for a larger image. Photographs © AP, Reuters, or the White House. Click on the September 13th photo of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 13, 2001 Reporters Oval Office Click on the September 13th photo of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 13, 2001 Bush Gets Emotional Click on the September 11, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 11, 2001 Bush glances at TV at Sarasota, Fla. school after he was told of the attacks. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 11, 2001 Secretary of State Colin Powell leaves hotel in Lima, Peru for Washington after he was told of attacks. Click on the September 11, 2001 image of President George Bush on the phone from Air Force for a larger image. September 11, 2001 Bush speaks with VP Dick Cheney from Air Force One. Click on the September 11, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 11, 2001 Cheney speaks to Bush from the Emergency Operations Center at the White House. Click on the September 11, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 11, 2001 Bush and Cheney meet later in the day at the White House Emergency Operations Center. Click on the September 12, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 12, 2001 President Bush meets with the National Security Council in the White House Cabinet Room. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 12, 2001 President Bush, Colin Powell, and the National Security Team at a Sept. 12 emergency meeting in Washington. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 12, 2001 Congressional Leaders hold a news conference in Washington, and then sing "God Bless America." Click on the September 12, 2001 image of George Bush and Donald Rumsfeld for a larger image. September 12, 2001 President Bush tours the Pentagon with Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. Click on the September 12, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 12, 2001 Soldiers greet President Bush as he tours the Pentagon with Donald Rumsfeld. Click on the September 14, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 14, 2001 President Bush hugs and consoles survivors during a visit to New York City. Click on the September 12, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 14, 2001 President Bush waves a flag in New York when visiting the World Trade Center's Ground Zero site. Photos and pictures are © AP or Reuters. Click on the pictures for a larger image. September 11 News.com features the reactions of world leaders, and the US Government, following the 9-11-2001 terrorist attacks against the USA. September 14, 2001 The Bush Family, and the Clinton family at a church service in Washington's National Cathedral on the 14th. Click on the September 12, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 14, 2001 President Bush speaks to guests at a National Cathedral Prayer Service for Sept. 11th victims. Click on the September 12, 2001 photos of President George W. Bush for a larger image. September 14, 2001 President George W. Bush and his father clasp hands after Bush gives emotional speech. The Joint Resolution Authorizing the Use of Force Against Terrorists, passed by the Senate and House of Representatives on Sept. 14, 2001. To authorize the use of United States armed forces against those responsible for the recent attacks launched against the United States. Whereas, on Sept. 11, 2001, acts of despicable violence were committed against the United States and its citizens; and Whereas, such acts render it both necessary and appropriate that the United States exercise its rights to self-defense and to protect United States citizens both at home and abroad, and Whereas, in light of the threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States posed by these grave acts of violence, and Whereas, such acts continue to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States, Whereas the president has authority under the Constitution to take action to deter and prevent acts of international terrorism against the United States. Resolved by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, Section 1. Short Title This joint resolution may be cited as the "Authorization for Use of Military Force" Section 2. Authorization for Use of United States Armed Forces (a) That the president is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on Sept. 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons. (b) War Powers Resolution Requirements (1) Specific Statutory Authorization -- Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution, the Congress declares that this section is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution. (2) Applicability of Other Requirements -- Nothing in this resolution supersedes any requirement of the War Powers Resolution. George W. Bush Poster September11News.com, in association with art.com, present a special art poster featuring a portion of the text by George W. Bush in a speech to Congress on September 20, 2001. Click on the poster for more information. Click on the September 11, 2001 Bush speech to congress poster to order art image from art.com. I will not forget... "I will not forget the wound to our country and those who inflicted it. I will not yield, I will not rest, I will not relent in waging this struggle for freedom and security for the American people." George W. Bush, September 20, 2001 Live September 11 News President George W. Bush News The Latest President Bush Headlines. Live News. Updated Every 15 Minutes. Click on the news headlines for the complete news story. Opens a new window. The Latest President Bush Headlines. Live News. Updated Every 15 Minutes. US President Bush President George W. Bush Headlines The Latest President Bush Headlines. Live News. Updated Every 15 Minutes. Bush and Powell Read More September Attack Speeches By U.S. President George W. Bush Speech to Congress on September 20, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's September 20th speech to Congress. U.S. Airstrikes TV Address to America on October 7, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's October 7th Address to the Nation. Speech at Pentagon Memorial Service on October 11, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of George W. Bush's October 11, 2001 Pentagon Memorial speech. Speech to Firemen & Police in Atlanta on November 8, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's November 8th speech in Atlanta. Speech to the United Nations on November 10, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's November 10th speech to the United Nations General Assembly. Read more President George W. Bush speeches and view more President Bush photos, pictures, and images. September 13, 2001 President Bush Speaks to Mayor Giuliani [spon.jpg] Internet School Reviews - A site offering reviews of colleges and universities and online training courses. CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. Copyright AP, Reuters or news service as indicated. © Copyright 2001- 2009 September11News.com About Us Advertising Contact Us The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives § Home The Archives of Global Change in the 21st Century DivinePattern.com GreatBlueMarble.com September11News.com RE:Obama.com Book of Change & Hope Earth & Space Education Sept 11, 2001 Archives Barack Obama Archives [PresidentBushPentagon.htm&j=n] September11News.com - President George W. Bush's Memorial Speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001 - exactly one month after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America. September11News.com - President George W. Bush's Memorial Speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001 - exactly one month after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America. September11News.com - President George W. Bush's Memorial Speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001 - exactly one month after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America. September11News.com - President George W. Bush's Memorial Speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001 - exactly one month after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America. Click on the October 11, 2001 photo of President George W. Bush at the White House for a larger image. October 11, 2001 President Bush in the White House Grand Foyer Prior to Leaving for His October 11th Pentagon Speech. Images and Text of U.S. President George W. Bush's Pentagon Memorial Speech on October 11, 2001 - One Month After the Attacks. Photos © AP or Reuters Click on the photos for a larger image. September11News.com - President George W. Bush's Memorial Speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001 - exactly one month after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America. President George W. Bush gives an emotional speech at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001. Click on the October 11, 2001 photo of President George W. Bush at the Pentagon for a larger image. October 11, 2001 Click on the October 11, 2001 photo of President George W. Bush at the Pentagon for a larger image. October 11, 2001 Click on the October 11, 2001 photo of President George W. Bush at the Pentagon for a larger image. October 11, 2001 Office of the Press Secretary - October 11, 2001 President Pays Tribute at Pentagon Memorial Remarks by the President at the Department of Defense Service of Remembrance The Pentagon Arlington, Virginia 11:55 A.M. EDT THE PRESIDENT: Please be seated. President and Senator Clinton, thank you all for being here. We have come here to pay our respects to 125 men and women who died in the service of America. We also remember 64 passengers on a hijacked plane; those men and women, boys and girls who fell into the hands of evildoers, and also died here exactly one month ago. On September 11th, great sorrow came to our country. And from that sorrow has come great resolve. Today, we are a nation awakened to the evil of terrorism, and determined to destroy it. That work began the moment we were attacked; and it will continue until justice is delivered. Americans are returning, as we must, to the normal pursuits of life. (Applause.) Americans are returning, as we must, to the normal pursuits of life. But we know that if you lost a son or daughter here, or a husband, or a wife, or a mom or dad, life will never again be as it was. The loss was sudden, and hard, and permanent. So difficult to explain. So difficult to accept. Three schoolchildren traveling with their teacher. An Army general. A budget analyst who reported to work here for 30 years. A lieutenant commander in the Naval Reserve who left behind a wife, a four-year-old son, and another child on the way. One life touches so many others. One death can leave sorrow that seems almost unbearable. But to all of you who lost someone here, I want to say: You are not alone. The American people will never forget the cruelty that was done here and in New York, and in the sky over Pennsylvania. We will never forget all the innocent people killed by the hatred of a few. We know the loneliness you feel in your loss. The entire nation, entire nation shares in your sadness. And we pray for you and your loved ones. And we will always honor their memory. The hijackers were instruments of evil who died in vain. Behind them is a cult of evil which seeks to harm the innocent and thrives on human suffering. Theirs is the worst kind of cruelty, the cruelty that is fed, not weakened, by tears. Theirs is the worst kind of violence, pure malice, while daring to claim the authority of God. We cannot fully understand the designs and power of evil. It is enough to know that evil, like goodness, exists. And in the terrorists, evil has found a willing servant. In New York, the terrorists chose as their target a symbol of America's freedom and confidence. Here, they struck a symbol of our strength in the world. And the attack on the Pentagon, on that day, was more symbolic than they knew. It was on another September 11th -- September 11th, 1941 -- that construction on this building first began. America was just then awakening to another menace: The Nazi terror in Europe. And on that very night, President Franklin Roosevelt spoke to the nation. The danger, he warned, has long ceased to be a mere possibility. The danger is here now. Not only from a military enemy, but from an enemy of all law, all liberty, all morality, all religion. For us too, in the year 2001, an enemy has emerged that rejects every limit of law, morality, and religion. The terrorists have no true home in any country, or culture, or faith. They dwell in dark corners of earth. And there, we will find them. This week, I have called -- (applause) -- this week, I have called the Armed Forces into action. One by one, we are eliminating power centers of a regime that harbors al Qaeda terrorists. We gave that regime a choice: Turn over the terrorists, or face your ruin. They chose unwisely. (Applause.) The Taliban regime has brought nothing but fear and misery to the people of Afghanistan. These rulers call themselves holy men, even with their record of drawing money from heroin trafficking. They consider themselves pious and devout, while subjecting women to fierce brutality. The Taliban has allied itself with murderers and gave them shelter. But today, for al Qaeda and the Taliban, there is no shelter. (Applause.) As Americans did 60 years ago, we have entered a struggle of uncertain duration. But now, as then, we can be certain of the outcome, because we have a number of decisive assets. We have a unified country. We have the patience to fight and win on many fronts: Blocking terrorist plans, seizing their funds, arresting their networks, disrupting their communications, opposing their sponsors. And we have one more great asset in this cause: The brave men and women of the United States military. (Applause.) From my first days in this office, I have felt and seen the strong spirit of the Armed Forces. I saw it at Fort Stewart, Georgia, when I first reviewed our troops as Commander-in-Chief, and looked into the faces of proud and determined soldiers. I saw it in Annapolis on a graduation day, at Camp Pendleton in California, Camp Bondsteel in Kosovo. And I have seen this spirit at the Pentagon, before and after the attack on this building. You've responded to a great emergency with calm and courage. And for that, your country honors you. A Commander-in-Chief must know, must know that he can count on the skill and readiness of servicemen and women at every point in the chain of command. You have given me that confidence. And I give you these commitments. The wound to this building will not be forgotten, but it will be repaired. Brick by brick, we will quickly rebuild the Pentagon. (Applause.) In the missions ahead for the military, you will have everything you need, every resource, every weapon -- (applause) -- every means to assure full victory for the United States and the cause of freedom. (Applause.) And I pledge to you that America will never relent on this war against terror. (Applause.) There will be times of swift, dramatic action. There will be times of steady, quiet progress. Over time, with patience, and precision, the terrorists will be pursued. They will be isolated, surrounded, cornered, until there is no place to run, or hide, or rest. (Applause.) As military and civilian personnel in the Pentagon, you are an important part of the struggle we have entered. You know the risks of your calling, and you have willingly accepted them. You believe in our country, and our country believes in you. (Applause.) Within sight of this building is Arlington Cemetery, the final resting place of many thousands who died for our country over the generations. Enemies of America have now added to these graves, and they wish to add more. Unlike our enemies, we value every life, and we mourn every loss. Yet we're not afraid. Our cause is just, and worthy of sacrifice. Our nation is strong of heart, firm of purpose. Inspired by all the courage that has come before, we will meet our moment and we will prevail. (Applause.) May God bless you all, and may God bless America. (Applause.) END 12:08 P.M. EDT Click on the photos of the September 11, 2001 attack at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 12, 2001 Flag Unveiled Images of the Pentagon Following the 9/11 Terrorist Attack. Photos © AP or Reuters Click on the photos for a larger image. Aerial view of the Pentagon three days after the September 11, 2001 attack. Aerial view of the collapsed Pentagon wall. Photograph taken on September 14, 2001. The Pentagon death toll was 125 at the Pentagon and 64 aboard the hijacked plane. Click on the photos of the September 11, 2001 attack at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 11, 2001 Military Chopper Surveys Damage to Pentagon. Click on the photos of the September 11, 2001 attack at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 12, 2001 Soldiers & Firemen Click on the photos of the September 11, 2001 attack at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 12, 2001 Bush thanks a Pentagon doctor. Click on the photos of the September 11, 2002 9/11 Remembrance Ceremony at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 11, 2002 Bush & Rumsfeld Pentagon Ceremony September 11th 2002 One Year After the Attacks The Pentagon Remembers Photos © AP or Reuters Click on the photos for a larger image. Click on the photos of the September 11, 2002 9/11 Remembrance Ceremony at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 11, 2002 Bush & Rumsfeld Pentagon Ceremony September 11, 2002 9/11 Remembrance Ceremony at the Pentagon. September 11, 2002 - Military Salute at Pentagon Remembrance Ceremony Click on the photos of the September 11, 2002 9/11 Remembrance Ceremony at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 11, 2002 President Bush at The Pentagon Ceremony. Click on the photos of the September 11, 2002 9/11 Remembrance Ceremony at the Pentagon for a larger image. September 11, 2002 Honor Guard returns after 9/11 Pentagon Ceremonies. Read More September Attack Speeches By U.S. President George W. Bush Speeches (2) to America on September 11, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's September 11th speeches. Speech to Congress on September 20, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's September 20th Address to Congress. U.S. Airstrikes TV Address to America on October 7, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's October 7th Address to the Nation. Speech to Firemen and Police in Atlanta on November 8, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's November 8th speech in Atlanta. Speech to the United Nations on November 10, 2001 Click here for more George W. Bush images and to read the text of Bush's November 10th speech to the United Nations General Assembly. Read more speeches by President George W. Bush and view more images and photos of President Bush. [spon.jpg] Cellan Diet Pills - Dr. Michelle explains the benefits of Cellan Diet Pills. CONTENTS - September11News.com September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America Complete News Archives of September 11, 2001 and the Years That Followed News, Images, Photographs, Headlines, Newspapers, Timelines, Mysteries, and History Monthly Timelines Sept. 11th History Newspaper Pages Magazine Covers International Reaction Bush & bin Laden 9/11 News & Photos FDNY & Mysteries September 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers Main World Leaders Reaction Attack Images & Timelines October 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers A-D International Community Aftermath & Space Images October 7 Attack Archives USA Newspapers E-M President Bush Sept. 11th USA Archived 9/11 Sites November 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers N-S Bush 9/20 U.S. Congress World Archived 9/11 Sites December 2001 Timeline USA Newspapers T-Z Bush 10/11 The Pentagon FDNY - 9/11 Firefighters Jan- March 2002 Timeline World Newspapers Main Bush 11/8 Atlanta, Ga. 9/11 USA Flag Images April-June 2002 Timeline World Newspapers A-L Bush 11/10 United Nations Heroes of 9/11 Flight 93 July-Sept 2002 Timeline World Newspapers M-Z Osama bin Laden & Jihad Mysteries - Cross / Images September 11, 2002 World Newspapers U.K. Osama bin Laden Evidence Mysteries - Number Eleven September 11 in History Magazine Front Covers Osama bin Laden Speeches Mysteries - 9/11 Early Signs Historical 9/11 Videos USA Flag History & Art WTC Statistics & WTC Art Home Page Historical 9/11 Books 9/11 Statistics & Art New WTC Plans & Designs Today's 911 News May God bless the many souls who lost their lives, on September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on airline flights 11, 175, 77, & 93. The courage and sacrifice shown by the FDNY firefighters, the NYC Police, and other NYC EMS will never be forgotten. History will remember 9/11/2001. September11News.com - The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attack on America at the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and Flight 93. The 9/11 attack on America is a day of infamy. September 11 News has complete news archives, including images, pictures, photos, graphics, reactions, speeches, and Sept. 11th timelines. Photographs, Images, and Graphics are ©. 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A couple of months before September 11, 2001, and nine chapters into Bleeding Edge, a novel set in—spliced into—New York City before, during, and after the events of that day, a commodities trader named Horst Loeffler takes [his young sons] Otis and Ziggy down to his new office at the World Trade Center, and they eat lunch at Windows on the World, which has a dress code, so the boys wear jackets and ties…. There happens to be a more-than-moderate wind blowing that day, making the tower sway back and forth in five-, what feel like ten-foot excursions. On days of storm, according to Horst’s co-tenant Jake Pimento, it’s like being in the crow’s nest of a very tall ship, allowing you to look down at helicopters and private planes and neighboring high-rises. “Seems kind of flimsy up here,” to Ziggy. “Nah,” sez Jake. “Built like a battleship.” Apart from a soap-opera sting of Hammond organ audible only to the reader, the chapter ends there. Like many Pynchon characters, Horst is gifted with a form of precognition, which in his case enables him to predict the futures of certain traded commodities but not the Future itself. (Such gifts, chez Pynchon, are always narrowly bestowed.) Only we, irretrievably wised up, understand the hollowness, the irony, of Jake’s reassurance. chabon_1-110713.jpg Chris Kasson/AP Images A diner looking across the Hudson River and New Jersey from Windows on the World, the restaurant at the top of the north tower of the World Trade Center, June 1996 Irony, verbal and situational, has been the most often remarked of the tactics deployed by Pynchon in his fifty-year struggle against what fellow Nassau County visionary Jack Kirby called “the Anti-Life Equation”: death understood as the dehumanization imposed by vast and totalizing systems of control. And in spite of the depravities, brutalities, and horrors to be found in the pages of V. (1963), Gravity’s Rainbow (1973), or Against the Day (2006), Pynchon’s struggle has overarchingly been a joyful one, rooted in a profound and abiding goofiness. His magic bag has proved to be charged as inexhaustibly as Felix the Cat’s with puns, parodies, bits of shtick and slapstick. Unflinching when faced with stench and corruption, confronting massacres and atrocities in pre–World War I German Southwest Africa, in rocket-blitzed London, in goon-haunted Colorado during the Labor Wars, Pynchon has with hope and abandon sounded his mighty kazoo and flown his freak flag high. He has left the labs, bunkers, prisons, and slave factories of Anti-Life littered with banana peels. He has heaped up mounds of ironic incongruities behind him—corny lyrics, drug jokes, sight gags, characters surnamed Porpentine, Squalidozzi, and Vibe—as he worked his way along, undermining the twentieth century like Bugs Bunny tunneling toward Pismo Beach. Pynchon, irony: big deal. But not so fast. Dramatic irony, Hammond organ and all, is something new, and unexpected, in Pynchon. Until Bleeding Edge his work has not relied for effect on readers’ foreknowledge of the outcome of some significant or well-known event. In Against the Day the 1902 collapse of St. Mark’s campanile in Venice and the so-called Tunguska event of 1908 are wired to the lives and fates of Pynchon’s characters, but these incidents lie along the frontage road of history’s expressway. Like other factual bits of history in the novels—Wernher von Braun’s SS-symbol-shaped rocket works buried under a Harz mountain, an obscure Civil War naval battle off the coast of California between a Confederate warship and an Imperial Russian flotilla—they tend in their extravagance or absurdity to form a seamless part of the Pynchon ambience. The reader is cheerfully encouraged to confound them with the author’s pure inventions, and generally has no idea how things are going to turn out. The same cannot be said, of course, for the fate of those towers at the foot of West Broadway, fragile as battleships. And it is the histories whose outcome is known to everyone that have generally seemed least to interest Thomas Pynchon. Pearl Harbor, the Hindenburg disaster, the assassination of JFK, any of these celebrated bursts of violence might have moved comfortably into one of Pynchon’s ramshackle grand hotels of paranoia, taking over a whole floor, bags packed to bursting with conspiracy theories. And yet each has gone largely unremarked and unmentioned by any of Pynchon’s narrators or characters over the years.^1 Why, after all, should Pynchon bother with them? Each of those events with its secret history—preposterous, intermittently true—has already been charted, if by lesser cartographers, onto the paranoiac’s map of the twentieth century. And yet here at the epicenter of Bleeding Edge is “11 September” (as Pynchon seems to prefer to style it), long since fitted by a million sub-Pynchons with its own dark halo of portents, rumors, and theories, several of which flit bat-like across the pages of the book. So what gives? It’s tempting to suppose that Bleeding Edge has been written, in part, as a response to the Pynchonization of consensus reality, a transformation that became irrefutable with the rise of the World Wide Web, with its name like that of a global crime syndicate out of some half-parodic James Coburn spy caper and its infinite interlinks a perfect metaphor for paranoia itself. Having nuzzled up to the subject briefly in Inherent Vice (2009), Pynchon digs deep, here, into the history of the WWW (V. sextupled?), from the DARPAnet Cretaceous of 1969 to the dot-com bust at the turn of the millennium. Reviewers have tended to see Bleeding Edge, with ruefulness, pity, or a knowing shrug, as Pynchon’s work writing its own epitaph, as a kind of belated, bemused, perhaps even wistful acknowledgment that on September 11 the world at last caught up with the all-encompassing paranoiac vision of history that seemed so kooky, so far-fetched, back in the crewcut-and-skinny-tie days of V. Ruefulness at the realization that lived history, Edward Snowden leaks and all, should have come so nearly to resemble the fevered intricacies of The Crying of Lot 49 (1966) or Gravity’s Rainbow. Pity for an authentic American prophet whose dark and original revelation has been cribbed, parodied, photocopied, the cribs cribbed, the parodies parodied, the copies copied and reduced to the stuff of crackpot blogs or routine cyberthrillers. And a shrug, perhaps, from those who were born to irony like cavefish into darkness, too cool for pity, too young for rue, having always known that the world and books and Thomas Pynchon can never hope to be anything but copies of copies, parodies of parodies of themselves. By this reading, 9/11—the singularity into which the universe of paranoid theories of history collapsed before expanding endlessly outward again—becomes not just an ideal but a compulsory subject for a late Pynchon novel. This view sells awfully short the deviser of The Crying of Lot 49’s centuries-spanning Trystero System, and the transdimensional, all-controlling They of Gravity’s Rainbow. To hold Pynchon responsible, somehow, for the meager plate of scrambled Jews ‘n’ Muslims with a side of New World Order served up by contemporary conspiracy theorists is like blaming Dean & DeLuca for three dented cans of beans on the otherwise barren shelves of a looted 7-Eleven. There is a sense of mounting impatience in Bleeding Edge as Pynchon clicks, clicks, and clicks on the hyperlinks coded into the page source of 9/11—advance warnings given to Jewish brokers or Muslim cabbies by Mossad or al-Qaeda, suspicious groups of men seen on rooftops before or after the attack, the purported destruction of TWA Flight 800 in 1996 by a shoulder-mounted Stinger missile, unusual trading in the stock of American and United Airlines in the days leading up to September 11. His scorn for all this weak sauce is most sharply evident when it dribbles from the lips of an otherwise affectionately rendered old-lefty liberal New Yorker who sententiously repeats a baseless canard: You know where it all comes from, this online paradise of yours? It started back during the Cold War, when the think tanks were full of geniuses plotting nuclear scenarios. Attaché cases and horn-rims, every appearance of scholarly sanity, going in to work every day to imagine all the ways the world was going to end. Your Internet, back then the Defense Department called it DARPAnet, the real original purpose was to assure survival of US command and control after a nuclear exchange with the Soviets. Conspiracy theories insist that we open our eyes and wise up. The fix is in, resistance is futile, and innocence is a kind of benightedness, a handicap to be overcome. Such theories claim to explain everything and may appear to explain a lot but they fall short—bitterly, uselessly—as any parent can attest, when the time comes to answer a question posed by an actual innocent. A good postmodernist, like a 9/11 truther, can afford the luxury of disdain for innocence; a parent is bound to protect it. Bleeding Edge is best understood not as the account of a master of ironized paranoia coming to grips with the cultural paradigm he helped to define but as something much braver and riskier: an attempt to acknowledge, even at the risk of a melodramatic organ chord, that paradigm’s most painful limitation. 2. It’s significant that Bleeding Edge’s hero—the term works fine right out of the box, no quotation marks necessary—is a mother of two, Maxine Tarnow.^2 A working mother, a successful fraud examiner, for most of the book’s length Maxine doesn’t have time to sit around worrying about how or whether to maintain one’s ironic perimeter once children have breached it. Though she is by no means Pynchon’s first female protagonist, she is the strongest, the funniest, and the busiest. She also doesn’t have time, unlike Oedipa Maas in The Crying of Lot 49, for Tupperware parties and fondue. Though her clients hire her to look into fishy cash-register reports, suspected inventory dodges, questionable bookkeeping, and other not particularly interesting-sounding types of shady commercial practices, Maxine functions, novelistically, as a standard-issue private eye. She carries a gun, cracks relentlessly wise, courts danger, pokes her nose where it doesn’t belong, refuses to be dissuaded from the pursuit of answers by threats of violence, and has had her license lifted (by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners) for cutting occasional corners and refusing to follow standard procedure. She is also, in the grand tradition (except with regard to her children and possibly her ex-husband, Horst Loeffler), hard-boiled. Like its underappreciated predecessor, Inherent Vice (2009), an avowed gumshoe mystery of the Los Angeles School, dense with cannibinoid flashbacks to Raymond Chandler, Ross Macdonald, and Chinatown, Bleeding Edge, which bears an epigraph from Donald E. Westlake, New York’s Chandler, sticks to the usual plan: a client walks through the sleuth’s door with a problem. At first the problem sounds manageable. The sleuth agrees to look into it, make a call, drop in on someone. In the end, after many neighborhoods and social strata (always coextensive in a private-eye novel) have been traversed and visited, and after a vivid array of toughs, losers, and the occasional innocent has been plotted along intersecting axes of power, money, and lust, the original problem turns out to go much deeper, and much higher, than the sleuth or the reader reckoned. That original problem was only a loose thread, it turns out, and when the sleuth tugs on it the world unravels. chabon_2-110713.jpg Bettmann/Corbis Thomas Pynchon, 1955 Maxine’s client is an old friend, Reg Despard, a documentary filmmaker whom she met years ago while accidentally attending a shipboard convention of people with borderline personality disorder (clearly a ship of the Pynchon Line). Reg has been hired, for reasons that never quite become clear, to make a film about a network security company, hashslingrz, so successful that it has survived the recent dot-com burnoff. Having been promised full access for himself and his cameras, Reg has caught a whiff of something rotten, and come with his suspicions to Maxine. Working for free, like Doc Sportello, the Lebowskian sleuth of Inherent Vice, whose plot drew as peculiarly on fine points of marine law and insurance as the plot of Bleeding Edge draws on arcana of commercial accountancy fraud, and armed not only with her Beretta Tomcat but with Pynchony-sounding yet apparently actual fraud investigator tools such as Benford’s Law and “the Altman-Z,” Maxine pursues the truth about hashslingrz and its founder and CEO, Gabriel Ice. As in Inherent Vice—one supposes this is how Thomas Pynchon likes his private-eye stories, or maybe when your detective is a burnout or an accountant things just move kind of slow—it’s an investigation characterized by remarkable leisureliness. This one stretches, when all is said and done, over the course of a year. And yet in all that time, and through almost five hundred pages, neither Maxine nor the reader quite manages to get all the pieces she comes up with—among them DeepArcher, an immersive, interactive, open-source simulation of reality hidden in the Deep (i.e., unindexed) Web; the Russian and late-stage-Italian-American mafias; various cyberspooks and code-ninjas and the cartels-cum-terrorist-banks-cum- government-agencies they may or may not be (or not know they are) working for; a magical-negro bike messenger; a murder in a possibly haunted Upper West Side apartment building; a puritanical, brutal, cruel, yet strangely feckless secret policeman (like Vineland’s Brock Vond), whom Maxine (like Vineland’s Frenesi Gates) inexplicably and rather unforgivably finds sexually irresistible; the rumored secret time-travel experiments carried out on children, with horrific results, at Montauk Point; and, of course, the destruction of the World Trade Center, which has or has not been engineered by Gabriel Ice, who is or is not an Israeli agent, a tool of Islamist terror groups, or a demented capitalist megalomaniac right out of a James Bond film—to fit together. Everything means something, or nothing means anything, and as in every Pynchon novel what can be found is not solution but the grace of moments spent suspended between those certainties: Next day, evening rush hour, it’s just starting to rain…sometimes she can’t resist, she needs to be out in the street. What might only be a simple point on the workday cycle, a reconvergence of what the day scattered as Sappho said someplace back in some college course, Maxine forgets, becomes a million pedestrian dramas, each one charged with mystery, more intense than high-barometer daylight can ever allow. Everything changes. There’s that clean, rained-on smell. The traffic noise gets liquefied. Reflections from the street into the windows of city buses fill the bus interiors with unreadable 3-D images, as surface unaccountably transforms to volume. Average pushy Manhattan schmucks crowding the sidewalks also pick up some depth, some purpose—they smile, they slow down, even with a cellular phone stuck in their ear they are more apt to be singing to somebody than yakking. Some are observed taking houseplants for walks in the rain. Even the lightest umbrella-to-umbrella contact can be erotic. One ought to be accustomed, by now, to Pynchon’s leaving his mysteries unresolved, or at least prepared to give him credit for having done so on purpose. Incompleteness is the inherent vice of paranoid theories of history, the limitation of such theories that Pynchon has always freely acknowledged. Criticism of Pynchon’s “shaggy dog” or sloppy plotting neglects the emphasis that he has always laid on the dual meaning of the word plot. From V. forward, nearly all his novels have been founded on a bedrock of detective fiction and underlayed with science fiction, boy’s adventure, westerns, spy fiction, and other genres that rely, like conspiracy theories, on plotting. His broken plots expose the epistemological brokenness of paranoid systems, which are, after all, nothing but attempts, grander but no less doomed to failure than anyone’s, to make sense of a broken world. If some of the numerous characters in Bleeding Edge fail to distinguish themselves in the readerly eye (and some do) or to rise above the level of deft caricature, this is a fault of the book itself and not (as those who first go after Pynchon’s plots are often pleased to continue) of his art. Given the use, above, of the word “epistemological” to defend Pynchon’s approach to storytelling, one might well anticipate a claim to be advanced now that Pynchon’s characters are “flat” because consciousness, in “modernity,” is a Gödelian construct, because the Subject has been decentered, etc. In this anticipation one would, however, be mistaken. Pynchon’s best books—the string of masterpieces from Gravity’s Rainbow to Against the Day—abound with characters whose complex consciousnesses are rendered in rich and plausible detail, who have their hearts broken and break the reader’s heart as effectively and affectingly as any in twentieth-century literature. What Pynchon’s characters rarely do, perhaps, is undergo “change” or “epiphany,” uncommon experiences in lived life but encountered nearly as often in post-Chekhov literary fiction as tormented-yet-dashing thoracic surgeons in nurse romances. One explanation for the relative thinness of Bleeding Edge’s characters might be the direction taken, since Against the Day, by Pynchon’s prose style. In the recent gumshoe stories he has abandoned, for the most part, the long, agile periods that had been a glory of American literature, capable of moving in the space of one sentence from grave to hectic, elegant to coarse, constructed from diverse lexicons (thermodynamics, junkie slang, classical ballistics, calculus), switching with breathtaking ease among multiple points of view and rhetorical stances, from austere to cornball, mock-scholarly to mock-heroic to mock-pulpy, each sentence sinking its hook into the deeps of a character’s consciousness and hauling that elusive sea monster one heavy inch nearer to the surface. As gumshoe tradition demands, Bleeding Edge, like its predecessor, is written from a single point of view, in a close third-person that attempts to reproduce, with Pynchon’s usual fidelity, the thoughts, perceptions, and internal discourse only of Maxine, a devotee, as a mom and as a fraud investigator, of the no-nonsense school, not given to grave, elegant, breathtaking turns of phrase. This recent style, more clipped, more direct, can feel sawed-off, forceful but less precise and with its range reduced. It seems, like Pynchon’s increasingly mussed, attenuated, naturalistic dialogue, to owe a considerable debt to the late Elmore Leonard, master preceptor of all writers who seek to instruct and sharpen their ear for the way people, Americans in particular, really talk (in his winsome introduction to Slow Learner, Pynchon is candid about his early struggles with a tin ear for dialogue). If Pynchon is indeed channeling Leonard, one can hardly fault the choice of model, but the effect—as if Bob Dylan were to adopt the vocal style of, say, Chet Baker—is jarring in a writer with such a distinguished career behind him and such a distinctive voice of his own. As Bleeding Edge’s constricted prose style and (hence) point of view diminish the perceived texture and density of the book’s characters, they also work against Pynchon’s game and certainly heartfelt attempt to depict the events and immediate aftermath of “11 September.” The prospect of a mind, an eye, and an ear as singular as Pynchon’s taking hold of that super-represented historical moment and finding a way to make the reader hear, see, and feel it all afresh is thrilling. But on the page we find mostly the details we have already long since been provided, in the language we have come to expect: Flatbeds carrying hydraulic cranes and track loaders and other heavy equipment go thundering downtown in convoys day and night. Fighter planes roar overhead, helicopters hang battering the air for hours close above the rooftops, sirens are constant 24/7. Every firehouse in the city lost somebody on 11 September, and every day people in the neighborhoods leave flowers and home-cooked meals out in front of each one. Corporate ex-tenants of the Trade Center hold elaborate memorial services for those who didn’t make it out in time, featuring bagpipers and Marine honor guards. Child choirs from churches and schools around town are booked weeks in advance for solemn performances at “Ground Zero,” with “America the Beautiful” and “Amazing Grace” being musical boilerplate at these events. The atrocity site, which one would have expected to become sacred or at least inspire a little respect, swiftly becomes occasion instead for open-ended sagas of wheeling and dealing, bickering and badmouthing over its future as real estate, all dutifully celebrated as “news” in the Newspaper of Record. Here Pynchon seems to notice, abruptly, the humdrum nature of this passage, and hastily tosses in the more conventionally Pynchonesque observation that “some notice a strange underground rumbling from the direction of Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, which is eventually identified as Robert Moses spinning in his grave.” The curious thing about these passages and, in a way, about the entire enterprise of Bleeding Edge is that, though few seemed to remark it at the time, the events of September 11 have already been given the full Pynchon treatment, in a strange, harrowing set piece, found early in Against the Day, where the horror has been figured as the rampage, across a New York City of a century ago, of a giant, primeval Thing out of Lovecraft: Fire and blood were about to roll like fate upon the complacent multitudes. Just at the peak of the evening rush-hour, electric power failed everywhere throughout the city, and as the gas mains began to ignite and the thousand local winds, distinct at every street-corner, to confound prediction, cobblestones erupted skyward, to descend blocks away in seldom observed yet beautiful patterns. All attempts to counter-attack or even to avoid the Figure would be defeated. Later, fire alarms would go unanswered and the firemen on the front lines find themselves too soon without reinforcement, or the hope of any. The noise would be horrific and unrelenting, as it grew clear even to the willfully careless that there was no refuge. Certainly a writer ought to be allowed to revisit an event, in particular one as massive as the fall of the towers, as many times as he or she pleases. But given the limitations of point of view and language that Pynchon intended to impose on himself in Bleeding Edge, the reader is obliged to ask, once again, what gives? 3. Here we must return to the aforementioned puzzle of dramatic irony, a device that, having made its first bold appearance atop the World Trade Center, recurs throughout the book: in an unplanned Hudson River cruise by Maxine and two friends to a landfill on the Isle of Meadows, where, as the reader doubtless remembers (cue organ), the rubble of the towers will afterward be dumped; in the aforementioned discussion of the fate of TWA Flight 800. With each foreshadowing the dissonant chord swells, the lights flicker, and somewhere far back in a long-vanished zeitgeist, crouched behind a scenery flat, Count Floyd, the low-rent chiller theater host in the old SCTV comedy sketches, throws back his Vitalis-ed head and howls. Pynchon knows perfectly well, we must assume, that he’s taking a risk at such moments, courting cheesiness with so much deliberation and skill. Why, therefore, has he determined to go ahead and howl, even at the risk of readerly eye-rolling; even at the risk—it will be now seen—of self-betrayal? Dramatic irony depends for its effect, after all, on our sense of characters’ closing in on a fixed, a predetermined outcome. Yet theories of predetermination, of election and preterition, of fate as the predictable trajectory and impact of a rocket bomb, tend to play the part of black Stetsons in Pynchon novels: they serve to identify their bearers as irredeemable and villainous. They articulate systems of control, allied with dehumanization and death. The verbal and situational irony on which Pynchon established his reputation are disruptive, subversive, irreverent; dramatic irony is deterministic, authoritarian, inescapable. In guiding us to the roof of the terribly flimsy North Tower, therefore, to sway in the winds of fate with Maxine’s sons and their father, Pynchon is flirting dangerously, willingly, with the methods of Anti-Life itself. Hindsight—exemplified often, in Bleeding Edge, through various characters’ retrospective predictions of smart phones, the culture of warrantless wiretaps, etc.—is a totalizing vision. It sees history, that snarl of infinite forking paths, as a highway without exits, a straight line drawn from then not just to explain but to justify our presence at now. Yet the passage on the roof of the North Tower suggests, and by its conclusion the novel has amply confirmed, that in Bleeding Edge Pynchon is prepared to handle material even chancier than Anti-Life or creature-feature cheese. As the organ reverberates, at the end of chapter nine, after someone in the summer of 2001 tells a nervous little New Yorker whose father works in the building that the WTC is built like a battleship, Pynchon declares his paradoxical readiness—under special, limited circumstances—to abandon irony entirely. At this moment—when innocence, irony’s eternal patsy, needs to be protected—the postmodern deflector shields buckle, then collapse, bathing the USS Bleeding Edge in a burst of parental love and remorse. When a young child’s fingers brush against a crack in the world, a parent seeking to account for that fragility may lie or tell the truth. Either is permissible, depending on the circumstances. The intention behind the lie will be unimpeachably sincere and benevolent, while the truth will need to be doctored, simplified to the point of deception. At such a moment of parenthood, only irony is forbidden. One can tell a child, “But nothing bad is going to happen to you,” knowing the words to be false, or “I would never let anything bad happen to you,” appending to this partial truth a silent insofar as that is possible. One is not permitted, however, to say, “Dude, you are totally toast.” Among the rumors passed along in the wake of September 11 was a report—Pynchon faithfully records it—that irony itself had been among the casualties of the attack. This rumor proved to be as false as that of the Dancing Israelis or of the WTC occupant who “surfed” the collapsing rubble to safety on the ground. It reflected, as Pynchon notes, the degree to which “11 September infantilized this country.” Our childish need for reassurance—knowing full well that reassurance in such circumstances must be false or partial at best—made it seem, to some, as though the long, weird era during which American discourse was transformed meta-discourse, the tyranny of scare quotes, had at last come to an end. It was not long, however, before irony reemerged from the media dust cloud, a bit dazed but with its sidelong gaze trained on Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld, wearing its trademark smirk, carrying a little banner on which was written the words TOO SOON? But the problem of lying to children in the age of irony—Santa Claus gets a chilling PayPal-meets-NSA makeover in Bleeding Edge—remained. The greater, national, and world-historical meanings of the fall of the towers are still being discovered, and the full extent of the changes wrought by that fall will not be known for decades. But there can be little doubt that 9/11 marked a turning point in the history of American parenting, and laid bare the bankruptcy of all our comforting lies. It’s in the hope of attempting to convey some of the pain of that exposure that Pynchon takes his radical chances. At one point late in the novel Maxine’s sons keyboard their way into DeepArcher, the immersive simulated world, and acquire the skill needed to model a virtual corner of it to suit their fancy. When Maxine logs in herself, she chances on their little virtual realm, and is surprised to find that the boys have created not some technocool digitopolis or castellated Faerie but simply New York City, their own neighborhood, drawn in the soft chromo tones of nostalgic postcards, its streets friendly and safe for them to wander. This is a lovely but improbable touch; clearly a parent’s wish-kingdom for her children, not the children’s own. And anyway it seems clear that in compounding a simulation, a wish, and a guarantee of safety one is already well more than halfway to a lie. The hard truth—the brick and mortar truth—of the fate of innocence, of the natural limits of a parent’s power to preserve that innocence from knowledge of the kind of evil that brought the towers down, comes to Maxine in the novel’s sweet and moving conclusion. The novel opens six months before September 11 with Maxine walking her boys to school; it ends in their Upper West Side apartment, on a day six months after the attacks, with the family and the city still a little shaky but maybe going to be all right. Maxine realizes that she is running late for an appointment, and won’t have time, for the first time ever, to walk to school with Otis and Ziggy. She feels a stab of panic. And now the time has come for her child to reassure her: “It’s all right, Mom. We’re good.” “I know you are, Zig….” But she waits in the doorway as they go on down the hall. Neither looks back. She can watch them into the elevator at least. At least, and at most. 1 In Inherent Vice, set in 1970 Los Angeles, the Manson murders and trial do no more than lurk at the demented margins. ↩ 2 Parents of young children are a rarity among Pynchon protagonists, but in nearly every instance— Vineland ’s Zoyd Wheeler and Frenesi Gates, Gravity Rainbow ’s Fritz Pökler and Greta Erdmann—the relationship turns almost entirely around questions of fraud, deception, and concealment. ↩ 1. 1 In Inherent Vice, set in 1970 Los Angeles, the Manson murders and trial do no more than lurk at the demented margins. ↩ 2. 2 Parents of young children are a rarity among Pynchon protagonists, but in nearly every instance— Vineland ’s Zoyd Wheeler and Frenesi Gates, Gravity Rainbow ’s Fritz Pökler and Greta Erdmann—the relationship turns almost entirely around questions of fraud, deception, and concealment. ↩ + Email + Print + + Tweet + November 7, 2013 Also in This Issue —— November 7, 2013 —— Love in the Gardens Love in the Gardens Zadie Smith Gambling with Civilization Gambling with Civilization Paul Krugman On Reading Proust On Reading Proust Stephen Breyer, interviewed by Ioanna Kohler Camus & Algeria: The Moral Question Camus & Algeria: The Moral Question Claire Messud Physics: What We Do and Don’t Know Physics: What We Do and Don’t Know Steven Weinberg More Subscribe to the New York Review —— New Posts —— NYRblog [20131224-pico-1_jpg_63x63_crop_q85.jpg] Proust & Buddhism Pico Iyer [henry-allen-sq_jpg_63x63_crop_q85.jpg] It’s on YouTube, Kid Charles Simic [isaac-cat-train_jpg_63x63_crop_q85.jpg] On ‘Inside Llewyn Davis’ Luc Sante NYRgallery [apocalypse_jpg_63x63_crop_q85.jpg] The Privacy of Typewriters Les Murray Free Newsletter News of upcoming issues, contributors, special events, online features, and more. ____________________ Sign up + Home + Contact Us + About + Subscribe + Advertise + University Press Listing + Independent Press Listing + Help/FAQ + Books + Terms of Service + Feeds + Newsletters © 1963-2013 NYREV, Inc. All rights reserved. § #9/11 Families for Peaceful Tomorrows RSS Feed 9/11 Families for Peaceful Tomorrows Atom Feed 9/11 Families for Peaceful Tomorrows » History Comments Feed Awards and Recognition Campaigns * Login * Become a fan * Follow us * Follow us September Eleven Families for Peaceful Tomorrows * Home * About Us + History + Mission & Goals + Awards & Recognitions + Governing Documents + Our Founding + Our Steering Committee + Program Partners + Stories that Shaped the Past + Map + Timeline * Membership + Membership Registration Form + Members o Stories + Member Projects * Press Room + Media Coverage + News + e-newsletter + Press Releases + Photo Archive + Voices of Peaceful Tomorrows * Speaker’s Bureau + Overview + How to Organize an Event + Speaker Request Form * Resources + Books and DVDs + Resources for Educators + Resources for The Press + Online Forums * Campaigns * Contact Us + Address/Map + Join Us + Donate + Support Us Search this site..._ Go History The vision for September 11th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows was born when a small group of family members of those killed on 9/11 became connected after reading each others’ pleas for nonviolent and reasoned responses to the terrorist attacks. Several of these individuals met one another when they participated in the “Walk for Healing and Peace” from Washington, D.C. to New York City in late 2001 organized by Kathy Kelly of Voices in the Wilderness (now Voices for Creative Nonviolence). In January, 2002 four family members traveled to Afghanistan in a delegation organized by Medea Benjamin of Global Exchange to witness the consequences of U.S. military action there and to express their profound concern that high numbers of civilian casualties would increase terrorist recruitment rather than making the U.S. or the world safer. This core group decided to unite in order to strengthen their message and voices. Peaceful Tomorrows was launched as a project of the Fellowship of Reconciliation – USA in February 2002. Our name comes from a statement made by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., “Wars are poor chisels for carving out peaceful tomorrows.” Dozens more family members joined in the following months. What these founding members shared was a belief that the violence that took their loved ones’ lives could spin out of control, and fear could be manipulated by politicians and the media to justify foreign and domestic policies that would increase violence while decreasing U.S. citizens’ rights and liberties over the years to come. Everytime you ask ask where buy clomid online, we reply only: in our online drugstore Calendar of Events Dec 2013 View all » M T W T F S S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 THE TIME IS NOW: Connecting for Peace, Justice and Change. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Partner Initiatives advertisement advertisement About Us Membership Press Room Speaker's Bureau Campaigns Contact Us • History • Mission & Goals • Awards & Recognition • Governing Documents • Our Founding • Our Steering Committee • Program Partners • Stories that Shaped the Past • Map • Timeline • Membership Application • Member Stories - Overview - Article - Video • Press Releases • News • e-newsletter • Media Coverage • Voices • Photo Archive • Overview • How to Organize an Event • Speaker Request Form • 9/11 10th Anniversary • Rule of Law • Afghanistan • Gitmo/Military Commissions • Immigration & Civil Liberties • Int'l Network for Peace • Iraq • Islamophobia • Member Projects • Address/Map • Join Us • Donate • Support Us Peaceful Tomorrows receives no money from 9/11 charities or disbursements. We depend entirely on individual and foundation grants to continue our work. More... Editorial Policy: This website contains information related to the mission and goals of Peaceful Tomorrows and is intended for educational, non-commercial use. We highlight the projects undertaken by our organization, print essays and speeches made by 9/11 family members of our group, and post photo galleries which reflect the activities of our members around the world. September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows is a project of Tides Center. Facebook Twitter YouTube § #9/11 Families for Peaceful Tomorrows RSS Feed 9/11 Families for Peaceful Tomorrows Atom Feed Sample Page Contact Us * Login * Become a fan * Follow us * Follow us September Eleven Families for Peaceful Tomorrows * Home * About Us + History + Mission & Goals + Awards & Recognitions + Governing Documents + Our Founding + Our Steering Committee + Program Partners + Stories that Shaped the Past + Map + Timeline * Membership + Membership Registration Form + Members o Stories + Member Projects * Press Room + Media Coverage + News + e-newsletter + Press Releases + Photo Archive + Voices of Peaceful Tomorrows * Speaker’s Bureau + Overview + How to Organize an Event + Speaker Request Form * Resources + Books and DVDs + Resources for Educators + Resources for The Press + Online Forums * Campaigns * Contact Us + Address/Map + Join Us + Donate + Support Us Search this site..._ Go About US Our Mission Peaceful Tomorrows is an organization founded by family members of those killed on September 11th who have united to turn our grief into action for peace. By developing and advocating nonviolent options and actions in the pursuit of justice, we hope to break the cycles of violence engendered by war and terrorism. Acknowledging our common experience with all people affected by violence throughout the world, we work to create a safer and more peaceful world for everyone. Our Goals 1. To promote dialogue on alternatives to war, while educating and raising the consciousness of the public on issues of war, peace, and the underlying causes of terrorism. 2. To support and offer fellowship to others seeking non-violent responses to all forms of terrorism, both individual and institutional. 3. To call attention to threats to civil liberties, human rights, and other freedoms in the U.S. as a consequence of war. 4. To acknowledge our fellowship with all people affected by violence and war, recognizing that the resulting deaths are overwhelmingly civilian. 5. To encourage a multilateral, collaborative effort to bring those responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks to justice in accordance with the principles of international law. 6. To promote U.S. foreign policy that places a priority on internationally-recognized principles of human rights, democracy and self-rule. 7. To demand ongoing investigations into the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 attacks that took the lives of our loved ones, including exhaustive examinations of U.S. foreign policies and national security failures. Join Us If you are a 9-11 family member, survivor or friend of a 9-11 victim who would like to join Peaceful Tomorrows please visit the Join Us Page for more information. Calendar of Events Dec 2013 View all » M T W T F S S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 THE TIME IS NOW: Connecting for Peace, Justice and Change. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Partner Initiatives advertisement advertisement About Us Membership Press Room Speaker's Bureau Campaigns Contact Us • History • Mission & Goals • Awards & Recognition • Governing Documents • Our Founding • Our Steering Committee • Program Partners • Stories that Shaped the Past • Map • Timeline • Membership Application • Member Stories - Overview - Article - Video • Press Releases • News • e-newsletter • Media Coverage • Voices • Photo Archive • Overview • How to Organize an Event • Speaker Request Form • 9/11 10th Anniversary • Rule of Law • Afghanistan • Gitmo/Military Commissions • Immigration & Civil Liberties • Int'l Network for Peace • Iraq • Islamophobia • Member Projects • Address/Map • Join Us • Donate • Support Us Peaceful Tomorrows receives no money from 9/11 charities or disbursements. We depend entirely on individual and foundation grants to continue our work. More... Editorial Policy: This website contains information related to the mission and goals of Peaceful Tomorrows and is intended for educational, non-commercial use. We highlight the projects undertaken by our organization, print essays and speeches made by 9/11 family members of our group, and post photo galleries which reflect the activities of our members around the world. September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows is a project of Tides Center. Facebook Twitter YouTube § #RSS Feed for Al-Qaeda articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Saturday 28 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home>> 2. News>> 3. World News>> 4. Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda chief calls for attacks on US in 9/11 speech to followers The leader of Al-Qaeda has called on Muslims to wage attacks inside the United States, to wreak instability that will "bleed America economically". Ayman al-Zawahiri speaking during an interview Ayman al-Zawahiri speaking during an interview Photo: AFP/GETTY By Ruth Sherlock, Beirut 11:03AM BST 13 Sep 2013 In an audio message released on Friday, two days after the anniversary of September 11th, Ayman al-Zawahiri said America was not a "mythic power" and that it could be defeated even through small-scale strikes by "one brother or a few of the brothers". "We should bleed America economically by provoking it to continue in its massive expenditure on its security, for the weak point of America is its economy, which has already begun to stagger due to the military and security expenditure," he said, according to SITE, a jihadist monitoring group. "America is not a mythic power and the Americans, after all, are humans who can be defeated, felled and punished." Zawahiri urged the Islamic world to "abandon the dollar and replace it with a currency of other countries that are not taking part in the aggression against us". He also said that Muslims should refuse to buy goods from America and its allies, as such spending only helped to fund US military action in Muslim lands. As well as mounting small, "disparate" assaults, Zawahiri urged fellow members of his extremist group to "watch and wait" and seize any opportunity to conduct a large strike against the US, similar to the 9/11 attack that killed almost 3000 people. His speech picked up on the belief held by former Al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden that targeting economic institutions can destroy the United States. Related Articles * Taliban attack US consulate in Afghanistan 13 Sep 2013 * British Islamist acquitted of robbery in Kenya 13 Sep 2013 * 'Our hearts still ache': Obama leads September 11 tributes 11 Sep 2013 * Al-Qaeda fights back against drones 04 Sep 2013 * US intelligence agencies 'targeted for infiltration by Al-Qaeda' 02 Sep 2013 * Bin Laden raid 'guided by space satellites' 30 Aug 2013 Bin Laden said in a speech, shortly after plotting 9/11, the worst attack on American soil, that he believed the country was "built on an unstable foundation" and were the economy hit the superpower would "stumble" and "wither away". Al-Qaeda * News >> * World News >> * Yemen >> * USA >> * Josie Ensor >> In Al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden 'ordered al-Qaeda to kill Barack Obama and David Petraeus' Barack Obama 'hoped to put bin Laden on trial' Deadly fires have swept through forest land in EU countries such as Portugal and Spain. Al-Qaeda blamed for Europe-wide forest fires US 'begins drawing up targets in response to Benghazi attack' US 'draws up targets in response to Sept 11 attack' US 'to deploy drones to launch air strikes against al-Qaeda in Mali' US 'to deploy drones to launch air strikes against al-Qaeda in Mali' 9/11: How Osama bin Laden caused our banking meltdown and financial crisis Osama bin Laden 'was blind in one eye' Advertisement Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS Doctor checking an XRay How personalised medicine is on the right track View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Our latest sales on holidays to Greece, Spain, Cyprus and more View Telegraph Gardenshop Stars of the late-winter garden: Hellebore Double Ellen View GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE Coffee shop barista Why good customer service is beneficial for you View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication (c) Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Saturday 28 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home>> 2. News>> 3. World News>> 4. September 11 Attacks 9/11 anniversary: Barack Obama leads tributes 12 years on Barack Obama led the tributes to victims of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, as families gathered in New York and Washington to pay their respects. Chris Irvine By Chris Irvine, agencies 3:33PM BST 11 Sep 2013 Follow Comments Comments At a ceremony near Wall Street in New York, people paused at 1246 GMT to mark the time when the first of two hijacked planes struck the World Trade Center. The twin towers later collapsed. Nearly 3,000 people were killed in the attacks that led to a long war in Afghanistan. ^President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at the memorial service on the South Lawn of the White House. (EPA) President Obama marked a moment of silence at the White House and was attending a ceremony in Washington at the Pentagon, which was struck by another hijacked plane. Earlier, the President laid a wreath at the Pentagon, speaking at a private observance for family members of the 184 people who died there. Related Articles * Al-Qaeda chief calls for attacks on US in 9/11 speech to followers 13 Sep 2013 * 9/11 widower returns to World Trade Center 11 Sep 2013 * 9/11 anniversary: US heightens security in wake of last year's Benghazi attacks 11 Sep 2013 * 9/11 anniversary: golf course apologises for $9.11 offer 11 Sep 2013 ^President Obama lays a wreath at the Pentagon. (AP) "We pray for the memory of all those taken from us - nearly 3,000 innocent souls," Mr Obama said. "Our hearts still ache for the futures snatched away, the lives that might have been," he said. "They left this Earth. They slipped from our grasp." Quoting the Bible, Obama spoke of "the miracle of restoration," paying tribute to the resilient spirit of victims' families, saying he was "amazed at the will that you've summoned in your lives to lift yourselves up and to carry on." IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/graphics/html/TwitterEmbed/Version1/web15838.h tml Twitter: Barack Obama - "Today, we can honor those we lost by building a nation worthy of their memories." --President Obama on #PatriotDay "No matter how many years pass, this time comes around each year - and it's always the same," said Karen Hinson, who lost her 34-year-old brother, Michael Wittenstein, in New York. His body was never found. Continuing a decision made last year, no politicians will make speeches. Around the world, thousands of volunteers have pledged to do good deeds, honouring an anniversary that was designated a National Day of Service and Remembrance in 2009. ^A flower is laid on the 9/11 Memorial in New York City. (AFP) Meanwhile in Benghazi, Libya, a car bomb exploded outside a building that once house the US consulate, the site of an attack on September 11 last year. The blast seriously damaged the foreign ministry building but left no casualties. Last year's attack resulted in the death of America's ambassador to Libya and three other Americans. September 11 Attacks * News >> * World News >> * North America >> * USA >> * Chris Irvine >> In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement How we moderate Our new look telegraphuk Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. blog comments powered by Disqus Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS Doctor checking an XRay How personalised medicine is on the right track View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Our latest sales on holidays to Greece, Spain, Cyprus and more View Telegraph Gardenshop Stars of the late-winter garden: Hellebore Double Ellen View GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE Coffee shop barista Why good customer service is beneficial for you View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication (c) Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Saturday 28 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home>> 2. News>> 3. World News>> 4. September 11 Attacks 9/11 anniversary: golf course apologises for $9.11 offer A golf course has apologised for advertising nine holes of golf for $9.11 to mark the anniversary of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. A golf course has apologised for advertising nine holes of golf for $9.11 to mark the anniversary of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The cut-out-and-keep coupon for Tumbledown Trails Golf Course's $9.11 special offer By Associated Press 9:00AM BST 11 Sep 2013 Comments Comments Tumbledown Trails Golf Course in Wisconsin advertised the special offer on Monday saying it was meant to commemorate the 12th anniversary of the attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people. News of the special spread on social media, and the golf course's Facebook page was overrun with negative comments. Club owner and general manager Marc Watts said that no disrespect was intended. "We're a little hurt by the fact that people are putting such a negative context on this," Mr Watts said. "I thought people would appreciate it." The promotion began two years ago, on the 10th anniversary, and until now was warmly received as a way to ensure people never forget the tragedy, Watts said. Related Articles * 9/11 anniversary: US heightens security in wake of last year's Benghazi attacks 11 Sep 2013 * Barack Obama marks 12th anniversary of 9/11 11 Sep 2013 * 'Our hearts still ache': Obama leads September 11 tributes 11 Sep 2013 * Mayor offers Olympic Park home to 9/11 memorial 09 Sep 2013 * 9/11 memorial 'rusting in farmyard in insult to victims' 09 Sep 2013 * We can't pretend the world didn't change after September 11 07 Sep 2013 This is not the first time that promotions tied to the anniversary have drawn criticism. Last year, an Idaho resort offered hotel rooms for $91.11 and a food voucher for $9.11 as a "Thank you to our heroes." Two years ago, New York Sports Club offered September 11 first-responders cheap memberships, drawing outrage from some who called it a shameless use of a national tragedy to make money. Edited by Chris Irvine September 11 Attacks * News >> * World News >> * North America >> * USA >> In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement How we moderate Our new look telegraphuk Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. blog comments powered by Disqus Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS Doctor checking an XRay How personalised medicine is on the right track View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Our latest sales on holidays to Greece, Spain, Cyprus and more View Telegraph Gardenshop Stars of the late-winter garden: Hellebore Double Ellen View GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE Coffee shop barista Why good customer service is beneficial for you View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication (c) Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Saturday 28 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home>> 2. News>> 3. World News>> 4. September 11 Attacks 9/11 anniversary: US heightens security in wake of last year's Benghazi attacks The US has heightened security at its facilities today, the anniversary of the September 11, 2001, as well as the deaths of four government employees in Benghazi last year. The US has heightened security at its facilities today, the anniversary of the September 11, 2001, as well as the deaths of four government employees in Benghazi last year. The US has heightened security at its facilities, the anniversary of the September 11, 2001, as well as the deaths of four government employees in Benghazi last year Photo: AFP/Getty Images By Reuters 8:49AM BST 11 Sep 2013 Comments Comments President Barack Obama's counterterrorism aide Lisa Monaco has been in charge of reviewing security measures in place for the anniversary, the White House said. "The president's national security team is taking measures to prevent 9/11 related attacks and to ensure the protection of US persons and facilities abroad," the White House said in a statement. Four Americans including the US ambassador to Libya were killed in an attack on a compound in Benghazi a year ago. The administration initially said the assault grew out of anti-Western protests. Later, however, it turned out that Islamist extremists launched the attack on the September 11 anniversary. The administration was forced for months to defend its handling of the events at Benghazi, with critics charging officials deliberately played down the nature of the attack to protect the president's re-election bid. The White House said its first reports were based on incomplete information. Related Articles * 'Our hearts still ache': Obama leads September 11 tributes 11 Sep 2013 * Barack Obama marks 12th anniversary of 9/11 11 Sep 2013 * 9/11 anniversary: golf course apologises for $9.11 offer 11 Sep 2013 * Mayor offers Olympic Park home to 9/11 memorial 09 Sep 2013 * 9/11 memorial 'rusting in farmyard in insult to victims' 09 Sep 2013 * We can't pretend the world didn't change after September 11 07 Sep 2013 "The events of last year, losing four brave Americans - Chris Stevens, Sean Smith, Glen Doherty and Tyrone Woods - brought home the reality of the challenges we face in the world," the White House said. On Wednesday, a foreign ministry building in Benghazi was hit by a powerful blast. It was not immediately known if the blast resulted in casualties. In New York meanwhile, relatives of those killed will attend a service at the two-year-old memorial plaza where they will read the names of the nearly 3,000 people who died when hijacked planes crashed into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Readers will also recite victims' names from the 1993 trade center bombing. At the Flight 93 National Memorial in Shanksville, where Wednesday's ceremony will include bell-ringing and wreath-laying, officials gathered Tuesday to mark the start of construction on a visitor center. The Pentagon plans a Wednesday morning ceremony for victims' relatives and survivors of the attacks, with wreath-laying and remarks from Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel and other officials, and an afternoon observance for Pentagon workers. Edited by Chris Irvine September 11 Attacks * News >> * World News >> * North America >> * USA >> In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement How we moderate Our new look telegraphuk Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. blog comments powered by Disqus Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS Doctor checking an XRay How personalised medicine is on the right track View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Our latest sales on holidays to Greece, Spain, Cyprus and more View Telegraph Gardenshop Stars of the late-winter garden: Hellebore Double Ellen View GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE Coffee shop barista Why good customer service is beneficial for you View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication (c) Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Saturday 28 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home>> 2. News>> 3. World News>> 4. September 11 Attacks Boris Johnson offers Olympic Park home to 9/11 memorial Boris Johnson vows to place a 9/11 memorial in the Olympic Park after it was claimed it was rusting in a farmyard in an "insult" to victims. 9/11 memorial 'rusting in farmyard in insult to victims' The piece, entitled After 9/11, has been only been shown in the UK for 28 days since it was unveiled in 2011, despite it being gifted on the provision it remain on permanent display. Photo: ALAMY/AP By Hayley Dixon 11:43AM BST 09 Sep 2013 Follow Days before the anniversary of the terrorist attack the news broke that a home could not be found for the sculpture because it had been refused by bureaucrats and London councils. Mr Johnson, who is also chairman of the London Legacy Development Corporation, described the situation as "ridiculous" and has asked his team to find a home for it at the Olympic Park. The piece, entitled After 9/11, is made from a Ground Zero girder and was gifted from the US as a public reminder of the 2001 atrocity which killed 2,977 people, including 67 Britons. It was on display in Briton for 28 days after it was unveiled by Mr Johnson in 2011, but has since been left to go to waste in a Cambridgeshire farmyard after a number of officials across London barred the permanent display. Mr Johnson said today: "We backed the 9/11 project when the sculpture first came to Battersea but finding a permanent home for it has proved incredibly difficult, whether it be opposition from Boroughs or bureaucrats. Related Articles * 9/11 anniversary: US heightens security in wake of last year's Benghazi attacks 11 Sep 2013 * 9/11 anniversary: golf course apologises for $9.11 offer 11 Sep 2013 * Barack Obama marks 12th anniversary of 9/11 11 Sep 2013 * We can't pretend the world didn't change after September 11 07 Sep 2013 * Rebuilding the World Trade Center 02 Sep 2013 * The 9/11 conspiracy theorist who changed his mind 29 May 2013 "Clearly this can't continue. As a result I've asked my team to find a permanent home for the sculpture on the Olympic Park. The Park was home to a Games based on tolerance, harmony and respect, and will soon be home to a massive multi-dimensional and vibrant community - the perfect riposte to those who sought to divide the world on 9/11." It was originally gifted on the understanding it remain on permanent display, and one campaigner described the two year delay in finding it a home a "national embarrassment", adding: "It's also an insult to New York and all those who died." A New York judge had to sign off a special agreement releasing the metal, which could still be used as court evidence in any case relating to the September 11 al-Qaeda attack. London was the only capital to be gifted a piece of the steel recovered from the site. Since it was taken down from its temporary home in Battersea Park every council in London has either refused to house the 28ft high sculpture, the Sun reported, or ignored requests to discuss a site. Lord West, the former First Sea Lord who is closely involved with the 9/11 London Project which organised the sculpture, said: "It is a disgrace. "It is really very sad because the main thrust is that this is an educational charity. This was meant as an iconic piece of art which is a focus for our youngsters so that they do not forget 9/11. The current situation is outrageous." He welcomed Mr Johnson's offer, although added that personally he would prefer to see the piece in the city as it was mostly city workers who were killed in the attack. The artwork by American artist Miya Ando was originally due to be housed in Potters Fields Park next to City Hall, but the management trust that leases the land is said to have voted against a permanent display. Since then other attempts to house it in London have failed, with sources claiming that lack of suitable sites, local objections, and calls for a memorial which include victims in other conflicts have been cited as justification for refusal. It was being stored underneath a blue tarpaulin at a farm in Cambridgeshire, but has now been moved to a storage depot in Ruislip, north west London. Victim's families, including Patricia Bingley, 78, whose son Kevin, 43, died in the attack, joined calls for it to be given a prominent home as a reminder of the events for generations to come. The campaign was backed by the former Archbishop of Canterbury George Carey, who insisted it should be an "ever-present reminder of the evils of intolerance and bad religion", and historian Simon Schama. September 11 Attacks * News >> * North America >> * UK News >> * Hayley Dixon >> In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS Doctor checking an XRay How personalised medicine is on the right track View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Our latest sales on holidays to Greece, Spain, Cyprus and more View Telegraph Gardenshop Stars of the late-winter garden: Hellebore Double Ellen View GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE Coffee shop barista Why good customer service is beneficial for you View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication (c) Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for Syria articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Saturday 28 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia * Iran * Iraq * Israel * Palestinian Authority * Syria * Jordan * Saudi Arabia * Bahrain * Dubai * Yemen * Egypt * Libya 1. Home>> 2. News>> 3. World News>> 4. Middle East>> 5. Syria We can't pretend the world didn't change after September 11 Our political class is ignoring the great question of the post-9/11 globe: how to ensure the regions that spawned Islamic terror are stable and denied WMD David Cameron at the G20 gathering. It was clearly going to entrench global divisions over Syria, as President Putin had doubtless hoped it would David Cameron at the G20 gathering. It was clearly going to entrench global divisions over Syria, as President Putin had doubtless hoped it would Photo: GETTY Matthew d'Ancona By Matthew d'Ancona 4:35PM BST 07 Sep 2013 Comments Comments After Britain was reportedly dismissed as a "small island" by a Russian official last week, David Cameron took the steering wheel and sped off to compose his response. For security reasons, prime ministers are not normally supposed to drive. But at the G20 summit in St Petersburg, there were electric cars to ferry the participants from one location to another. Cameron decided to commandeer one such buggy, and give his officials, Craig Oliver, Liz Sugg and Helen Bower, a lift to the press conference. Occasionally hair-raising as Cameron-Cabs turned out to be, the team was calm enough to help the driver draw up his inventory of British accomplishments, which the PM duly rattled off to the media when they arrived - ending, correctly, with a quip: "If I start talking about this 'blessed plot, this sceptred isle, this England', I might have to put it to music, so I think I'll leave it there." His mini-speech is indeed going viral, with a variety of added soundtracks. This is modern political rhetoric in action. Much less snappy was the 25-minute anti-war speech that President Kirchner of Argentina delivered over dinner, provoking Angela Merkel and Cameron to roll their eyes at one another. In the end, the British Prime Minister removed his translation earpiece - poor summit etiquette, no doubt, but understandable in the circumstances. Cameron and President Obama had an informal chat before dinner at the hotel and compared notes. This G20 gathering was clearly going to entrench global divisions over Syria, as President Putin had doubtless hoped it would. The eyes of the world now turn to Congress, where Obama will seek the backing that eluded Cameron. On Tuesday, meanwhile, Ed Miliband will try to salvage what he can from the wreckage of the Falkirk selection fiasco as he addresses the TUC in Bournemouth. The political class is about to turn inward for the party conference season and away from the seemingly intractable dilemmas of the Middle East. It is one of mankind's oldest reflexes, chillingly recorded in Robert Frost's description in "Out, Out--" of the onlookers who see the boy killed by the buzz saw: "And they, since they / Were not the one dead, turned to their affairs." Little noticed so far, Wednesday marks the 12th anniversary of 9/11. On that sense-shattering day in 2001, it seemed that nothing would ever be the same again, that we would never get over it. The destruction of the Twin Towers forced us to confront a geopolitical landscape shaped by interconnected terror groups, rogue states, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Yet we underrated our collective capacity to forget, to resume bad habits, to park, postpone and otherwise ignore new and difficult questions. The process of selective amnesia was encouraged by the terrible errors made in the first fumbling years after the attacks: the misuse of intelligence, the lamentable failure to plan Iraq's future after Saddam, the shame of Abu Ghraib, the insult to language that was "enhanced interrogation", the horrors of "extraordinary rendition". All these failures, shameful in themselves, were the mark of a strategy in its infancy, of people in authority not knowing quite what to do, how to do it or where the limits lay. The errors that were made in the years after 9/11 mapped perfectly on to a growing popular trend - what Alastair Campbell famously called "this huge stuff about trust" - and the growing contempt for hierarchy given technological teeth by the digital revolution. The spotlight turned decisively back on to home terrain. Related Articles * 9/11 anniversary: golf course apologises for $9.11 offer 11 Sep 2013 * 9/11 anniversary: US heightens security in wake of last year's Benghazi attacks 11 Sep 2013 * Mayor offers Olympic Park home to 9/11 memorial 09 Sep 2013 * 9/11 memorial 'rusting in farmyard in insult to victims' 09 Sep 2013 * Obama urges Congress not to turn 'a blind eye' to Syria 07 Sep 2013 * Syria dominates agenda as Barack Obama returns to Washington 07 Sep 2013 The financial crash assisted the process of forgetting. Suddenly, the main global task was not to "drain the swamp" of terrorists, and to deal - cack-handedly, in Iraq - with regimes that had used, acquired or wanted to acquire WMD, but to ensure that the financial system did not collapse. Suddenly, there was a powerful fiscal imperative averting the West's focus from the new global landscape on to which 9/11 blasted a fiery light. That landscape was, in any case, changing all the time: witness the wave of uprisings known collectively as the "Arab Spring" - an astonishing release of human energy, the full and complex implications of which are only gradually revealing themselves. These revolutions posed a question that the more ideologically hidebound neo-conservatives had never convincingly answered. What if it is true that democracy is indeed the natural political arrangement for human beings, rather than a Western cultural peculiarity, but the newly liberated nations elect jihadi parties that have more in common with Osama bin Laden than Barack Hussein Obama? What happens when theocrats win elections? The conundrum is posed not only by the Muslim Brotherhood. Think, too, of Hizbollah's banners with the mushroom cloud, and of the overwhelming public support in Iran for the regime's nuclear ambitions. These are nightmarish quandaries that cannot be wished away. The trouble is that you cannot have globalisation `a la carte. That is the true lesson of 9/11. Many Conservatives believe that the world is simply a big marketplace and that the only international issues that matter are those connected to trade barriers, the flow of capital and the correct limits upon labour mobility. But the collapse of the Twin Towers - and, after that, Bali (2002 and 2005), Madrid, London, Glasgow, Mumbai, and many other horrors - showed that the pathologies of a globalised world respect no borders and no limits. Even if you ignore the Islamist fanatics, they will attack you; especially if you do, in fact - the 9/11 attacks reflected al-Qaeda's perception that the West had grown sluggish and weak. The great question of the post-9/11 age is: how do we - and indeed can we - ensure that the new polities in the regions that have spawned Islamist terror are stable, democratic and denied WMD? This is why Syria is more than an opportunity to make amends for Iraq, or a dress rehearsal for Iran. It is supremely important in and of itself. Whether we like it or not, the process will be messy, protracted and complex. At present, our inaction is making the problem worse. By taking so long to respond to the Ghouta chemical-weapons atrocity of August 21, we are signalling to Assad and his counterparts that bureaucracy dressed up as democracy remains the West's most resilient cultural feature. By failing to arm the moderates - though William Hague certainly tried - we run the risk that extremist groups such as Jabhat al-Nusra, which is officially affiliated with al-Qaeda, will be the ultimate beneficiaries of the civil war in Syria, whatever the West does. Israeli intercepts of secret Hamas documents show that such groups think in time frames of 50 to 100 years, measuring their objectives in generations. Our mayfly culture prefers its history in 140 characters. But that is self-deception, the parent of self-harm. The Syrian crisis is a reminder of the complexity of the world laid bare on that cruel Manhattan morning 12 years ago. We are trying to fight the battles of the 21st century with the structures, ideas and methods of the 20th. On Wednesday, the best way of honouring the dead will be to accept afresh that the long haul has only just begun. Syria * World News >> * Middle East >> * Comment >> * Columnists >> * Matthew d'Ancona >> In Syria Molhem Barakat died on 20 December 2013 as he took photographs of a battle between rebels and forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad over Kindi Hospital, Aleppo. The photos of Molhem Barakat An FSA rebel fires on Assad troops on the front line in Aleppo. Will Wintercross in Syria Pictures from the Zaatari Refugee camp by Telegraph photographer Will Wintercross Zaatari Refugee camp Syria Q & A: objectives, targets and what happens next Syria Q & A: objectives, targets and what happens next Members of the free Syrian Army preparing their weapons, in the neighborhood of al-Amerieh in Aleppo, Syria Syrian crisis explained: Q&A Advertisement How we moderate Our new look telegraphuk Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. blog comments powered by Disqus Middle East news >> Israel news Iran news Iraq news Dubai news Egypt news Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html News Most Viewed * TODAY * PAST WEEK * PAST MONTH 1. What will be the biggest threats in the next 10 years? 2. The Queen's plot to bash Idi Amin over the head with a pearl sword 3. Tourist arrested for Nazi salute 4. Make smacking illegal, says children's tsar 5. Women look their oldest at 3.30pm every Wednesday 1. Kim Jong-un 'very drunk' when ordered executions 2. Biblical films' Hollywood comeback 3. BA plane hits building at Johannesburg airport 4. Patient receives artificial heart 5. Danish pastries threatened by EU ban 1. Child taken from womb by social services 2. Women behind the throne in an 'empire of horror' 3. Mystery 'alien creature' seen in Bristol harbour 4. Nelson Mandela memorial interpreter 'was a fake' 5. Police woman killed herself after sending text to husband instead of lover by mistake Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS Doctor checking an XRay How personalised medicine is on the right track View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Our latest sales on holidays to Greece, Spain, Cyprus and more View Telegraph Gardenshop Stars of the late-winter garden: Hellebore Double Ellen View GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE Coffee shop barista Why good customer service is beneficial for you View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication (c) Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Saturday 28 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home>> 2. News>> 3. World News>> 4. September 11 Attacks September 11 defendants 'had emails hacked' Lawyers for the five men accused of plotting the September 11 attacks asked a judge Thursday to delay an upcoming hearing after learning that emails with their clients had been monitored. The files detail the background to the capture of each of the 780 people who have passed through the Guantanamo facility in Cuba - WikiLeaks: Guantanamo Bay terrorist secrets reveled The files detail the background to the capture of each of the 780 people who have passed through the Guantanamo facility in Cuba Photo: GETTY IMAGES By Agence France-Presse 10:52PM BST 11 Apr 2013 The surveillance was only the latest instance of compromised confidentiality at Guantanamo Bay, following revelations earlier this year that secret censors could block a public feed of court proceedings and that listening devices masked as smoke detectors were hidden in meeting rooms. The next preliminary hearing for the September 11 defendants had been set to take place on April 22 at the US military base at Guantanamo. James Connell, a lawyer for Pakistan's Ali Abd al-Aziz Ali, said he had filed an emergency motion to the military judge presiding over the case "to pause proceedings in the 9/11 trial after revelations that defense email communications and computer files have been compromised." Related Articles * Office charged with shutting Guantanamo Bay closes 29 Jan 2013 * Guantanamo hunger strikers prompt Red Cross delegation 27 Mar 2013 * Did Murdoch confuse Guantanamo and Guatemala? 06 Feb 2013 "This new disclosure is simply the latest in a series of revelations of courtroom monitoring, hidden surveillance devices and legal bin searches," he added. Military commissions Judge Colonel James Pohl has delayed for the same reasons a hearing for Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri of Saudi Arabia until mid-June. The hearing for the man accused of masterminding the 2000 bombing of the USS Cole had originally been set to begin Monday. In response to the claims, the military's chief defense counsel, Colonel Karen Mayberry, ordered all attorneys representing detainees before the court to stop using their computers for confidential email and court documents. The email surveillance "follows on the heels of the seizure of over 500,000 emails containing attorney-client privileged communications, as well as the loss of significant amount of defense work product contained in shared folders," said Commander Walter Ruiz, a lawyer for Saudi defendant Mustafa al-Hawsawi. The order to stop using servers and emails, "essentially cripples our ability to operate," he said. Nashiri and the five men accused of plotting 9/11 face the death penalty. During the last 9/11 hearing, it was revealed that all conversations, including those whispered, between the accused and their lawyers could be heard by government monitors, whether they took place in the courtroom or in offices where they meet behind closed doors. September 11 Attacks * News >> * World News >> * North America >> * USA >> * US Politics >> In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS Doctor checking an XRay How personalised medicine is on the right track View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Our latest sales on holidays to Greece, Spain, Cyprus and more View Telegraph Gardenshop Stars of the late-winter garden: Hellebore Double Ellen View GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE Coffee shop barista Why good customer service is beneficial for you View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication (c) Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Saturday 28 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home>> 2. News>> 3. World News>> 4. September 11 Attacks 9/11 anniversary: Barack Obama says nothing can break the will of the US President Barack Obama has said the post-September 11 decade had proven that despite divisions, wars and recession, nothing could shatter the will of America if it remained united. Link to this video 6:30AM BST 12 Sep 2011 Wrapping up a day of solemn 10th anniversary commemorations in New York, Pennsylvania and Washington, Mr Obama said that his nation's response to the world's worst terror attack exactly 10 years ago had shown its ideals were "timeless" and its resilience unquestioned. The president said generations to come would visit memorials to the dead of September 11, 2001 and subsequent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. "They will know that nothing can break the will of a truly United States of America," Mr Obama said, stressing the word united, and cast the fight against terrorism as victory alongside some of his nation's greatest achievements. "They will remember that we have overcome slavery and Civil War, we have overcome bread lines and fascism, and recession and riots, communism and, yes, terrorism," he said at an tribute event at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. "They will be reminded that we are not perfect, but our democracy is durable, and that democracy - reflecting, as it does, the imperfections of man - also gives us the opportunity to perfect our union." Related Articles * 9/11 anniversary: son's bond with a father he never met 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11 anniversary: honouring the brave who fought back 11 Sep 2011 * Pentagon memorial: this is a place of 'tears and wrath' 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11: Presidents lead Ground Zero memorial 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11 anniversary: I share your pain, Prince of Wales tells families of UK dead 11 Sep 2011 * 9/11: a lasting legacy for the Ground Zero victims 11 Sep 2011 Mr Obama said that much had changed since Al-Qaeda's attacks on New York and Washington, which killed nearly 3,000 people and sparked passionate debates and political divides. "On September 12, 2001, we awoke to a world in which evil was closer at hand, and uncertainty clouded our future," he said. "In the decade since, much has changed for Americans. We've known war and recession, passionate debates and political divides. "We can never get back the lives we lost on that day, or the Americans who made the ultimate sacrifice in the wars that followed." "Yet today, it is worth remembering what has not changed. Our character as a nation has not changed. "Our belief in America, born of a timeless ideal that men and women should govern themselves, that all people are created equal ... that belief, through test and trials, has only been strengthened." "These past 10 years have shown that America does not give in to fear." Mr Obama also paid tribute to his predecessor George W. Bush, with whom he had deep political disagreements. "We have not succumbed to suspicion and mistrust. After 9/11, President Bush, to his great credit, made clear what we reaffirm today: the United States will never wage war against Islam or any religion. Throughout the September 11 commemorations, there has been a sense that Mr Obama is trying to move his nation on from the fierce recriminations over the war in Iraq - which he opposed - and anger sparked by the 'war on terror.' The president appeared to be mustering another great national effort, to overcome the worst economic crunch in decades, at the same time as he pushes a $447 jobs bill and seeks a second term in office. His call for patriotism and national purpose will likely be heard often in the run up to the 2012 election, as the president seeks a narrative that will convince voters to send him back to the White House despite tough times. September 11 Attacks * News >> * World News >> * Barack Obama >> In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS Doctor checking an XRay How personalised medicine is on the right track View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Our latest sales on holidays to Greece, Spain, Cyprus and more View Telegraph Gardenshop Stars of the late-winter garden: Hellebore Double Ellen View GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE Coffee shop barista Why good customer service is beneficial for you View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication (c) Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § #RSS Feed for September 11 Attacks articles - Telegraph.co.uk < img alt="dcsimg" id="dcsimg" width="1" height="1" src="//webtrends.telegraph.co.uk/dcsshgbi400000gscd62rrg43_4o2o/njs.gif ?MLC=&Channel=&Genre=&Category=&Content_Type=&Level=&source=&dcsuri=/no javascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=10.2.10&dcssip=www.telegraph.co.uk"/> [p?c1=2&c2=6035736&cv=2.0&cj=1] Accessibility links * Skip to article * Skip to navigation [telegraph_print_190.gif] Advertisement Telegraph.co.uk ___________________ Submit Saturday 28 December 2013 * Home * News * World * Sport * Finance * Comment * Culture * Travel * Life * Women * Fashion * Luxury * Tech * Dating * Offers * Jobs * USA * Asia * China * Europe * Middle East * Australasia * Africa * Nelson Mandela * South America * Central Asia 1. Home» 2. News» 3. World News» 4. September 11 Attacks September 11: America marks 10th anniversary of 9/11 America is preparing to mark the 10th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, with events taking place across the globe to remember the worst attack on US soil in history. September 11: memorials begin with US on high alert Image 1 of 5 New York and Washington are on high alert of a terror attack on the 10th anniversary of 9/11 Photo: AP Photo/Aurora, Robert Clark Former President George W. Bush and former first lady Laura Bush, along with former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and his wife Joyce Rumsfeld, pause for a moment of silence after laying a wreath at the Pentagon in Washington in commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks Image 1 of 5 Former President George W. Bush and former first lady Laura Bush, along with former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and his wife Joyce Rumsfeld, pause for a moment of silence after laying a wreath at the Pentagon in Washington in commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks Photo: AP US President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama (L) visit with a family at a gravesite in section 60 at Arlington National Cemetery on September 10, 2011. Section 60 contains service members killed in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Image 1 of 5 US President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama (L) visit with a family at a gravesite in section 60 at Arlington National Cemetery on September 10, 2011. Section 60 contains service members killed in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Photo: GETTY IMAGES Americans hold hands in Manhattan's Battery Park Image 1 of 5 Americans hold hands in Manhattan's Battery Park to mark the 10th anniversary of 9/11 Photo: JANE MINGAY Image 1 of 5 The Tribute in Light rises above Manhattan during preparations for Sunday’s anniversary of the 9/11 attacks. (GETTY) Philip Sherwell By Philip Sherwell, in New York, and Andy Bloxham in London 9:05AM BST 11 Sep 2011 Follow Thousands will gather at ceremonies at the site of the destroyed World Trade Center towers, at the Pentagon, and in a field in Pennslyvania where the fourth hijacked plane crashed. President Barack Obama and former president George Bush, who was leading the country at the time, will lead the remembrances for the 2,977 people who died. New York's 650lb Bell of Hope, which hangs near Ground Zero in St Paul's Chapel, the rest centre for 9/11 rescue workers, will sound at 8.46am New York time, the moment of the first impact. The two presidents will join victims' families to hear the reading of the names of those who died as bells toll across the city and President Obama will also visit the other two sites. The remembrance takes place in the shadow of the "credible" threat of a terror attack on the mainland US as other ceremonies begin to take place around the globe. Related Articles * September 11 firefighter: 'my guilt' 05 Sep 2011 * Voices from the doomed planes 10 Sep 2011 * 9/11: 'America will never waver' 10 Sep 2011 * 9/11: Rare footage of South Tower collapse 10 Sep 2011 * The day we can never forget 11 Sep 2011 * Identifying missing victims 10 years on 11 Sep 2011 In the UK, dignitaries and families of those who died will attend the September 11 memorial garden next to the American Embassy in Grosvenor Square, London. A service will be held at St Paul's Cathedral this morning and at Westminster Abbey this evening. Some families of British 9/11 victims attended an early morning service of "remembrance and reconciliation" in the Grosvenor Chapel in central London, which is known as the "American Church" after it became a place of worship for US soldiers in the Second World War. Courtney Cowart, a survivor who was nearly buried alive when the north tower of the World Trade Center collapsed on top of her, described her fears when she returned to the site for a church service five days later. "I was terrified. We were dwarfed by immense wreckage looming around us. It was a landscape drained of all colour," she told the congregation. Barbara Stephenson, the Deputy US ambassador to Britain, lit a candle during the service to symbolise the banishment of darkness and everlasting life. In Kabul, the US ambassador, Ryan Crocker, said America must remain in Afghanistan “for the long haul”. Ambassador Crocker, who flew into New York after hearing of the attacks and saw both towers fall, said: “For me the last 10 years have always been about 9/11. I keep in my office in a small frame the boarding pass I have from that flight. “I will never forget what happened on that day and I will never give up on my commitment to do everything I can to ensure 9/11 never happens again.” The ceremonies ranged from the formal and grand to the intimate memorial of a single grieving mother. In Malaysia, Pathmawathy Navaratnam wished her dead son: "Good morning." Vijayashanker Paramsothy, a 23-year-old financial analyst, was killed in the attacks on New York. His mother said: "He is my sunshine. He has lived life to the fullest, but I can't accept that he is not here anymore. I am still living, but I am dead inside." In the northeastern Indian state of Manipur, 100 family members and close friends of Jupiter Yambem gathered to remember the manager of the Roof of the World restaurant in the World Trade Center. Players from the American Eagles rugby team were among the first to mark the anniversary at a memorial service in the town of New Plymouth in New Zealand. The players, who are participating in the Rugby World Cup tournament, listened to a speech by David Huebner, the US ambassador, whose brother Rick survived the attacks. In Japan, families gathered in Tokyo to pay their respects to the 23 Fuji Bank employees who never made it out of their World Trade Center office. A dozen of the workers who died were Japanese. Security measures in the two US cities were tightened following uncorroborated but "credible" intelligence suggesting that the leaders of al Qaida could have dispatched operatives into the US to set off a lorry bomb. Metal barriers were mounted along roads surrounding the site of the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan, while police have been ordered to patrol bridges looking for suspect vehicles. In his weekly radio address, President Barack Obama yesterday called for national unity as he attempted to reassure the nation ahead of the anniversary of the worst attacks the country's mainland has ever experienced. President Obama said: "We are doing everything in our power to protect our people. And no matter what comes our way, as a resilient nation, we will carry on. "The terrorists who attacked us that September morning are no match for the character of our people, the resilience of our nation or the endurance of our values." Details of the latest alleged terrorist plot are sketchy but US officials said a CIA informant had told them of a plan involving three men of Arab descent, two of whom could be American citizens and already in the country. The third suspect is thought to have travelled to Europe but not entered the US. They had been instructed to set off a car or lorry bomb in Washington or New York City. American authorities had been warned of the plot, supposedly ordered by Ayman al Zawahiri, the man who replaced Osama bin Laden as head of the al Qaida terrorist network. It is understood that intelligence agencies in the US have been unable to corroborate the informant's claims. The ceremonies in New York began on Saturday, as thousands of local residents, for whom 9/11 was an attack on their home as well as on a symbol of American might, linked hands with visitors from across the country and around the world as the nation began an emotionally-exhausting weekend of ceremonies and services marking the 10th anniversary of the atrocities. Rising in front of them as they reached out to friends, neighbours and strangers, was the new World Trade Center tower, soaring into the void left that day and destined to be America's tallest building. Ten years ago on September 11, Laura Morrison fled her home a few blocks from the WTC with her two-year-old daughter in a push-chair along the same footpath where they gathered on Saturday, with the Statue of Liberty symbol of freedom standing tall and proud in the harbour behind them. She was pregnant at the time with her second child. Now they returned as a family - Mrs Morrison, her husband Scott, and their daughters Zoe, 12 and Jamie, nine. "We live here, we work here, we are raising our family here and we are not going to be driven away," she said. Their defiance was only deepened, they said, by threat of another al-Qaeda attack President Bush, the country's leader at the time of the attacks but who has maintained a low profile since leaving office, took centre stage in two ceremonies yesterday. At the Pentagon, he led a brief and sombre silent tribute to the 184 people killed when a hijacked plane ploughed into the defence headquarters just outside Washington. Joined by his wife, Laura, he laid a wreath of white flowers by the memorial stone embedded in the wall where the plane struck. Mr Bush later joined Bill Clinton, the former president, and Vice-President Joe Biden at a ceremony dedicating the marble "wall of names" near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. It was there that an onboard rebellion by passengers and flight crew foiled plans by the hijackers of United 93 to fly into the US Capitol or the White House, forcing them down instead into a remote field. The Foreign Office urged British citizens in America to be vigilant in the light of the latest threat. The 9/11 attacks claimed the lives of 2,977 innocent people, making them the deadliest terrorist atrocity America has ever experienced. Some 2,753 died in New York, 184 in Washington and 40 in Pennsylvania. Among the dead were 343 firefighters, 37 police officers, two FBI officers and one US secret service agent. September 11 Attacks * News » * World News » * North America » * USA » * Andy Bloxham » In September 11 Attacks The Tribute in Light shines over the World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty, as seen from Bayonne, New Jersey. The tallest tower, illuminated in red, white and blue, is 1 World Trade Center, which is now up to 105 floors. 11th anniversary of 9/11 A fireball explodes from one of the World Trade Centre towers after a jet airliner crashes into the building 9/11 terror attacks How 9/11 New York attacks unfolded 9/11: interactive video timeline The team jumped from a plane at 9,500ft, releasing the weighted flags only seconds later Skydivers fly giant flags for 9/11 Advertisement Advertisement More from the web IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/Barnebys/November2013/Barnebys_E U_300x400.html Advertisement More from The Telegraph IFRAME: http://s.telegraph.co.uk/international/PrimeLocation/PrimeLocation_Intl .html Advertisement More from The Telegraph Loading MORE FROM TELEGRAPH.CO.UK SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS Doctor checking an XRay How personalised medicine is on the right track View Telegraph Travel Hand-picked Our latest sales on holidays to Greece, Spain, Cyprus and more View Telegraph Gardenshop Stars of the late-winter garden: Hellebore Double Ellen View GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE Coffee shop barista Why good customer service is beneficial for you View Back to top * HOME * News * UK News * Politics * Long Reads * Wikileaks * Jobs * World News * Europe * USA * China * Royal Family News * Celebrity news * Dating * Finance * Education * Defence * Health * Weird News * Editor's Choice * Financial Services * Pictures * Video * Matt * Alex * Comment * Blogs * Crossword * Contact Us * Privacy and Cookies * Advertising * Fantasy Football * Tickets * Announcements * Reader Prints * * Follow Us * Apps * Epaper * Expat * Promotions * Subscriber * Syndication © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013 Terms and Conditions Today's News Archive Style Book Weather Forecast § [1pximage.png] [1pximage.png] [QODLink] News Shows In Depth Opinion Human Rights Video Blogs Sport Investigations Weather Watch Live Al Jazeera America Arabic Africa Americas Asia-Pacific Central & South Asia Europe Middle East Inside Story Witness Listening Post People & Power 101 East The Stream More Focus Features In Pictures Interactive Spotlight Counting the Cost News This month on Al Jazeera ____________________ [BUTTON Input] (not implemented)_____ IFRAME: /Services/IncludePart/LevelOne/?T=7&Id=200779114755848707&P=&V=2 Americas Americans remember Sept 11 attacks Six moments of silence were held for the victims of the al-Qaeda attacks which happened 12 years ago. Last Modified: 11 Sep 2013 21:53 Email Article Print Article Share article Send Feedback IFRAME: http://aljazeera.galleries.newscred.com/gallery_slideshow/0794766c6d579 1abefcf0be67243666f?width=680&disable_link_to_hosted_page=1&height=450& show_related=0&style_id=1305214650909 The twelfth anniversary of the September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda attacks has been marked throughout the US with the reading of victims' names and moments of silence. At Wednesday's morning ceremony at Ground Zero in New York City, relatives recited the names of the nearly 3,000 people who died when hijacked jets crashed into the World Trade Centre, the Pentagon and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, as well as the 1993 World Trade Centre bombing victims' names. "No matter how many years pass, this time comes around each year - and it's always the same," said Karen Hinson of Seaford, New York, who lost her 34-year-old brother, Michael Wittenstein, a Cantor Fitzgerald employee. "My brother was never found, so this is where he is for us," she said as she arrived for the ceremony with her family early on Wednesday. In Washington DC, President Barack Obama joined First Lady Michelle Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, Jill Biden and members of the White House staff in a moment of silence on the White House South Lawn. Afterwards, in a memorial service at the Pentagon, Obama called on Americans to pray for those whose lives had been lost. "Let us have the strength to face the threats that endure, different though they may be from 12 years ago, so that as long as there are those who would strike our citizens, we will stand vigilant and defend our nation," he said. The day was marked with spells of silence that symbolised the key moments of the attacks. In the first of six moments of silence, at 8.46am, the moment that the first hijacked passenger jet crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Centre, many Americans, including Obama, fell silent. For a slideshow of images from today's anniversary, visit our Al Jazeera America gallery. 324 Source: Al Jazeera and agencies Email Article Print Article Share article Send Feedback Topics in this article People * Karen Hinson * Barack Obama * Michael Wittenstein * Jill Biden * Michelle Obama * Joe Biden Country * United States City * Shanksville * Washington * Seaford Organisation * Pentagon * White House Featured on Al Jazeera [2011121414102525734_20.jpg] Muslims of France What challenges have generations of immigrants faced in a country torn between secularism and religious diversity? [20131223134330730734_20.jpg] Witnesses describe atrocities in South Sudan Violence returns to South Sudan on a level not seen since the civil war that gave birth to the world's newest nation. [201262385948872734_4.jpg] [1pximage.png] Paraguay's Forgotten Coup Did a bloody confrontation over land rights lead to a coup against the country's former President Fernando Lugo? 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REUTERS/Justin Lane/Pool 1 of 20. A woman pauses along the edge of the North Pool of the 9/11 Memorial during a ceremony marking the 12th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York, September 11, 2013. Credit: Reuters/Justin Lane/Pool Related Video Video Somber U.S. ceremonies mark 12th anniversary of September 11 attacks Wed, Sep 11 2013 Video Timelapse video shows nine years of 9/11 reconstruction Wed, Sep 11 2013 NEW YORK/WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Bagpipes, tolling bells and a reading of the names of the nearly 3,000 people who died when hijacked jetliners crashed into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and a Pennsylvania field marked the 12th anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2001. More than a thousand people gathered Wednesday on a hot and hazy morning at the National September 11 Memorial plaza in Manhattan, for the annual reading of victims' names from both the 1993 and 2001 terror attacks on the World Trade Center. Bagpipes and a youth choir opened the solemn proceedings, held around two memorial pools in the footprints of the twin towers on the 16-acre site of the former World Trade Center complex. Many of those reading from the list of names directly addressed their own lost loved ones in emotional tributes. "Cathy, your brothers and sisters still miss you. All the people whose lives you touched," said Eleanor Salter, whose daughter, Catherine Patricia Salter, perished. "As for me, life goes on. But it would have been really fun with you around. I miss your smile." Gabriella Scibetta was only 4 years old, and her brother Vincent was a baby, when their mother, Adriane Victoria Scibetta, died in the South Tower. "Vincent and I love and miss you, you'll never be forgotten," Scibetta said. In keeping with a tradition begun last year, no public officials spoke at the New York ceremony, although former New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, his successor Michael Bloomberg, Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly, and other city and state leaders were in attendance. In Washington's memorial service at the Pentagon, President Barack Obama called on Americans to pray for those whose lives had been lost. "Let us have the strength to face the threats that endure, different though they may be from 12 years ago, so that as long as there are those who would strike our citizens, we will stand vigilant and defend our nation," Obama said. The morning after a speech in which he urged Americans to support his proposal to use military force against Syria, in retribution for President Bashar al-Assad's poison gas attack on his own people, Obama also reflected on the limits of force. "Let us have the wisdom to know that, while force is at times necessary, force alone cannot build the world we seek," Obama said. Americans observed a moment of silence at 8:46 a.m. EDT (1246 GMT), the time American Airlines Flight 11 smashed into the North Tower and there was a second pause at 9:03 a.m. (1303 GMT) when United Airlines Flight 175 struck the South Tower. More moments of silence came at 9:37 a.m. (1337 GMT), when American Airlines Flight 77 hit the Pentagon; at 9:59 a.m. (1359 GMT) when the South Tower collapsed; at 10:03 a.m. (1403 GMT) when United Flight 93 hit the ground near Shanksville, Pennsylvania; and at 10:28 a.m. (1428 GMT), when the North Tower fell. Nineteen hijackers were killed in the suicide attacks, for which Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda claimed credit, leading to the U.S. war in Afghanistan and indirectly to the invasion of Iraq. Twelve years later, two skyscrapers have been nearly completed on either side of the plaza, including One World Trade Center, the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere at a symbolic 1,776 feet, a number chosen for the year of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. At the Flight 93 National Memorial wall in Pennsylvania, the National Park Service's ceremony of remembrance on Wednesday included a reading of the names of the passengers and crew, a ringing of bells, a wreath-laying and tributes. (Reporting by Victoria Cavaliere in New York and Mark Felsenthal in Washington; Editing by Scott Malone, Bernadette Baum and Gunna Dickson) FILED UNDER: U.S. Politics Aerospace & Defense IFRAME: http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters. com%2Farticle%2F2013%2F09%2F11%2Fus-usa-worldtradecenter-idUSBRE98A0OL2 0130911&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=recommend&col orscheme=light&height=35 * Tweet this * Link this * Share this * Digg this * Email * Print * Reprints We welcome comments that advance the story through relevant opinion, anecdotes, links and data. If you see a comment that you believe is irrelevant or inappropriate, you can flag it to our editors by using the report abuse links. Views expressed in the comments do not represent those of Reuters. For more information on our comment policy, see http://blogs.reuters.com/fulldisclosure/2010/09/27/toward-a-more-though tful-conversation-on-stories/ Comments (24) Tolan wrote: After this terrible crime why now US supports Al Quaida? Unable to take lessons from history? Sep 11, 2013 9:34am EDT -- Report as abuse JackTheSnack wrote: I still remember the moment my wife called me at home, from her work and told me to turn on the TV. I turned it on, and just stared at the screen, as a second plane hit the other tower. it was the most surreal moment in my life, and I knew that everything was going to be different, after that day. Sep 11, 2013 9:52am EDT -- Report as abuse USAPragmatist2 wrote: Tolan, 1. you can not even spell Al-Qaeda 2. your claim of the USA supporting them is so far off base it is sickening. Sep 11, 2013 10:46am EDT -- Report as abuse This discussion is now closed. We welcome comments on our articles for a limited period after their publication. 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[p?c1=2&c2=&c3=&c4=&c5=&c6=&c15=&cj=1] DCSIMG IFRAME: __bkframe § #Swampland » In Obama’s Commemoration, a Call to Remember More Than 9/11 Comments Feed alternate alternate Swampland WordPress.com Skip to Content TIME Swampland Sections → * Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Video * TIME 100 * Photos * Magazine * LIFE.com * Lists * Sports Search Search TIME ____________________ Go * Follow + Facebook + Twitter + Google+ + Tumblr + RSS * Apps * Home * 2016 Election * White House * Congress * Domestic Policy * Foreign Policy * Photos Barack Obama In Obama’s Commemoration, a Call to Remember More Than 9/11 By Michael Scherer @michaelschererSept. 12, 20110 * Share + + + + + + [pin_it_button.png] * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + obamagroundzero Kristoffer Tripplaar-Pool / Getty Images * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Delicious + Google+ * Comment Follow @TIMEPolitics Everywhere President Obama traveled on Sunday, he was asked to remember. “Never forget,” read the signs held by a half dozen family members of 9/11 victims at Ground Zero, the words framing photocopied snapshots, or blown up portraits, of loved ones who died a decade earlier. “Forget me not,” said the young niece of firefighter who had perished, after she read her uncles name on stage. In Shanksville, Pa., David White, the cousin of a passenger on Flight 93, asked Obama to sign his shirt, sewn with the words “Never Forget.” As Obama walked to the crash site, to stare out at the lush green field where 40 innocent people died, spotted now with yellow wildflowers, he passed a polished river stone left at the memorial that had been sandblasted with the word, “Remember.” At these events, and during a later appearance at the Pentagon, Obama had few words of his own. He mostly just stood with his wife, Michelle, and bore witness, giving handshakes and hugs, laying a wreath, placing his hand upon the recently completed monument at Ground Zero. His words came much later, after nightfall, during a concert event at the Kennedy Center in Washington. It was here that he too asked for remembrance. But his speech did not only concern the 2,819 people who had died in the attacks of Sept. 11. He wanted the country to remember itself. “Decades from now, Americans will visit the memorials to those who were lost on 9/11,” Obama said. “And they will know that nothing can break the will of a truly united States of America. They will remember that we have overcome slavery and Civil War, bread lines and fascism, recession and riots, Communism and, yes, terrorism. They will be reminded that we are not perfect, but our democracy is durable, and that democracy–reflecting, as it does, the imperfections of man–also gives us the opportunity to perfect our union. That is what we honor on days of national commemoration: those aspects of the American experience that are enduring, and the determination to move forward as one people.” His choice of words—bread lines, recession—were not incidental. Obama leads a nation that could use some reminding these days. Roughly three out of four people think the country is headed in the wrong direction. Confidence in just about every national institution is at or near historic lows. The defining feature of the coming political season is a building fear among the American public that for the first time in the Post-War era, the nation’s next generation will not be better off than the last. In many ways, it was the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, that set the course for the current malaise. Since then, the economy, as experienced by most middle-income Americans, has stagnated. Other nations have eclipsed the United States in the pace of economic growth and the quality of investment opportunities. The national vision of America’s military might has been humbled by two protracted wars. The American Century, once an article of faith, now seems like a chapter from a history book. It is in this space that Obama hopes to lead. In his speech Sunday night, he insisted that the glass was still half full–and filling. “These past ten years tell a story of resilience,” he said. “The Pentagon is repaired, and filled with patriots working in common purpose. Shanksville is the scene of friendships forged between residents of that town, and families who lost loved ones there. New York remains a vibrant capital of the arts and industry, fashion and commerce. Where the World Trade Center once stood, the sun glistens off a new tower that reaches toward the sky. Our people still work in skyscrapers. Our stadiums are filled with fans, and our parks full of children playing ball. Our airports hum with travel, and our buses and subways take millions where they need to go. Families sit down to Sunday dinner, and students prepare for school. This land pulses with the optimism of those who set out for distant shores, and the courage of those who died for human freedom.” The fact that Obama finds comfort in a citizenry that still works in tall buildings, uses airplanes and plays in parks says something about the degree to which four hijacked planes interrupted the American project. But Obama’s words also spoke to something else, which has been leaking into his daily speeches in recent weeks. In addition to his quest for re-election, and his efforts to stimulate the economy again, he sees a need to raise the national spirit after so many years of false starts and frustrations. He believes the path to a better future must begin with remembering who we have been. 0 comments Livefyre * Get Livefyre * FAQ Sign in + Follow Post comment Link Sort: Newest | Oldest Latest from our Partners [009TWC_mahobeach_650x366.jpg?resize=200%2C133] World's Scariest Airport Runways — Weather Why Do Jews Hate Mayonnaise? — Slate Bonus Quote of the Day — Political Wire SubscribePopular Among Subscribers [cover_0812.jpg] Having It All Without Having Children [cover_1111.jpg] The Secret Web: Where Drugs, Porn and Murder Live Online [ideas_cover_0509.jpg] The Man Who Remade Motherhood [cover_1104.jpg] Inside Prince Charles' World As He Quietly Takes Charge Get all access to digital and printSubscribe * Most Popular * From Swampland 1. The Navy’s Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 2. Poll: This Is the Worst Congress Ever 3. John Kerry Embraces Fist-Bump Diplomacy With Snoop Dogg 4. Obama Signs Budget and Military Bills in Rare Example of Bipartisanship 5. 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All rights reserved * Privacy Policy * Your California Privacy Rights * RSS * Newsletter * Mobile * TIME For Kids * Subscribe * Contact Us * Terms of Use * Media Kit * Reprints & Permissions * Help * Site Map * Ad Choices * Custom Content Powered by WordPress.com VIP TIME logo our partners CNN logo CNN Money logo § Skip to Content TIME Entertainment Sections -> * Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Video * TIME 100 * Photos * Magazine * LIFE.com * Lists * Sports Search Search TIME ____________________ Go * Follow + Facebook + Twitter + Google+ + Tumblr + RSS * Apps Gravity's Rainbow: The 9/11 Memorial Manages a Delicate Balance Between Grief and Consolation By Richard Lacayo Wednesday, Sept. 07, 2011 * Share + + Tweet + + * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + Squared Design Lab A rendering of one of the two reflecting pools and its parapet at the National 9/11 Memorial Related * Why It's Taking So Long to Rebuild Ground Zero * Twin Towers: Photos of the World Trade Center, 1970–2001 * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Del.i.cious + Google+ * Comment * Reprints Follow @TIME A few months after the attack on the World Trade Center, Rudolph Giuliani, then the outgoing mayor of New York City, called for a "soaring" memorial to the people who died on 9/11. But ten years later, the newly completed memorial carries us in the opposite direction. Two massive square voids sited within the footprints of the towers, it digs down — almost as if the collapse of the towers had pounded out a space to deposit feelings about that whole wretched day. On all four sides of each void, waterfalls descend into a broad reflecting pool, irresistibly drawing your eyes, and your thoughts, ever downward. But for all that, the memorial doesn't carry you into a dark place and leave you there. By an adroit balance of elements, it manages to acknowledge the inevitability of grief at this place, but also — to some degree — dispel it. Over the past ten years there have been any number of disappointing developments at the Trade Center site (more on that later), but the memorial has not turned out to be one of them. If there's one lesson it offers, it's that there's more than one way to soar. The National 9/11 Memorial, to use its formal name, is the brainchild of an architect, Michael Arad, collaborating with the landscape designer Peter Walker. When he first submitted his proposal to the memorial design competition in 2003, Arad was an unknown 34-year-old working at the New York City Housing Authority. A few months after the 9/11 attacks, he had made a drawing of an impossible idea for a memorial: two square holes that plunged through the surface of the Hudson River, so that water poured down their sides as though they were drains. Was there a way, he wondered, to translate that image into a reality on dry land? (See TIME's 9/11 Memorial Site: "Beyond 9/11.") There was, but it would require a multi-year process full of setbacks, squabbles and changes to the design that began even before Arad won the competition. In his master plan for the redevelopment of Ground Zero, a scheme that had won a separate competition just a few months earlier, the architect Daniel Libeskind had proposed that the exposed foundation pit of the towers, a 70-ft.-deep concrete "bathtub" scorched by the fires of the attack, might be kept open. He saw in those walls a raw memento of that bitter day and a symbol of the strength of the city and nation. (Because that bathtub held, the Hudson River didn't come flooding into lower Manhattan.) The organizers of the memorial competition told applicants to respect Libeskind's plan, which would have placed the entire memorial plaza far below street level. To do that also meant, in effect, asking them to situate their memorials within a larger and potentially overwhelming commemorative space. Arad ignored the instruction. Though his own scheme called for pools recessed 30-ft., he envisioned them surrounded by a street-level plaza linked to the surrounding neighborhood. Arad's victory in the memorial competition meant that Libeskind's idea of preserving that wounded pit was swept away. With it went it the possibility of endowing the site with a primordial force that Arad's more cleanly manufactured voids, with their polished bronze parapets and smooth-surfaced walls, can't quite summon. But scale has a power all its own, and by its very size — each of the voids is about an acre in size — the completed memorial still evokes the immensity of 9/11. Its right-angled geometry notwithstanding, it appears before you as a vast abstract of nature, of cliffs, waterfalls and chasms. In a stiff wind, when the water whips and lashes the walls, it even has an unruliness of its own, like that restive, riderless horse in the funeral procession for John F. Kennedy. (See unpublished photos from 9/11 by photographer James Nachtwey.) But all the while that those deep, dark voids express a sense of loss and grief — and reach into your feelings about the grave — the falling water exerts its ancient power to console. And even in this immense memorial there's an intimacy in some of the details. Because the water pours into the tanks through narrow channels spaced an inch and a half apart, it drops first in separate rivulets. As those descend they combine into a unified sheet of water, a mingling that speaks of the many lives joined by the vast event that was 9/11. Then there's a final gesture that seems designed to symbolize grief being drawn away at last. At the center of each tank the pooled waters drain into a square opening — like one of Arad's imagined holes in the surface of the Hudson — and out of sight. Arad's design originally called for ramps that would lead visitors down to galleries 30 ft. below ground. There the names of the 9/11 dead would be inscribed on walls visible behind the curtains of falling water. It might have been a profoundly beautiful effect, but for reasons of cost and crowd control, the idea was dropped. Instead the names are engraved — cut all the way through, actually, and backlit at night — on bronze panels along the parapets that form the perimeter of both voids. In all there are 2,983, including everyone (other than the terrorists) who died at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and in the crash of United Airlines Flight 93 in Shanksville, Pa., as well as the six who died in the truck bomb attack on the Twin Towers in 1993. After much arranging and re-arranging, it's been possible to place the names of the dead close to those of friends, relatives or co-workers who also died that day. (See #Beyond911: TIME's Memorial Twitter Wall.) After Arad's proposal was chosen as one of eight competition finalists, the 13 jurors urged him to seek out a landscape designer to soften its hard edges. (One of Arad's strongest backers on the jury was Maya Lin, who knew an offspring of her brilliantly minimalist Vietnam Veterans Memorial when she saw one — but who probably also understood how much a bare-bones design can benefit from a green setting.) He turned to the already well-established Walker, who surrounded the voids with a six-acre park plaza of granite pavers and closely planted white oaks that will eventually grow to a height of 60 feet, forming a leafy canopy in the warm weather months. Including the park, the memorial covers just under half the 16-acre World Trade Center site, where 1 World Trade Center (formerly the Freedom Tower), Santiago Calatrava's rail station and three adjacent tall buildings are all in various stages of construction, as well the National 9/11 Museum that will open next fall. Let's be clear: the Trade Center site as a whole is a lost opportunity. It was once envisioned as a new Rockefeller Center, a great urban ensemble where low-rise theaters and cultural centers would rub shoulders with skyscrapers. It's ending up mostly as a cynical collection of office towers, a palisade of rentable space. With all the talk of consecrated ground, the memorial will be one of the few spots not consecrated to money making. For that reason alone, it was essential that it should deliver, and it does, on its promise to be both a powerful and a contemplative space. For so long as the rest of Ground Zero remains a construction site there will only be one entry point to the memorial plaza, and visitors will require advance tickets. But eventually, as the surroundings return to normal, it will be possible to enter from any of the four streets that lead to the site, and the ticketing system will end. The memorial plaza will take on its second function as an ordinary neighborhood park, a place where people will jog, sun themselves and walk their dogs, all before the backdrop of two giant, churning memory machines. Can these potent excavations and the greenery that surrounds them ever fulfill their dual mission as sacred ground and secular hangout? That's the question that will hang over this fraught site for a long time to come, to be answered on a daily basis. You might say that the final architects of the 9/11 memorial will be the people who pass through it every day. See photos of Stephane Sednaoui's 9/11 search and rescue experience. See photos of the evolution of Ground Zero. The Magazine Subscribe Current Time.com Cover * The Year in Pictures * Photos: 2013: The Year In Culture * Even After Volcker, Banks Aren't Safe Enough * 10 Questions with Rick Warren * Table of Contents * Subscribe Now * Online Issue Archive Most Read 1. 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Girl Scouts of the USA CEO Anna Maria Chavez still relies on the values instilled in her many years ago, including her belief in data-driven decision-making TIME NewslettersSee all Newsletters Newsletter Free! Sign Up Now * Breaking News * Politics * Entertainment * LightBox * and more... Your Email ____________________ (Submit) Go Voices * Joel Stein The Year of Not Trying Too Hard * James Poniewozik 2013 TV in Review: The Rise of Craft-Brewed Television * Richard Corliss Critics Awards 2: Judgment Daze * Rana Foroohar The Original Wolf of Wall Street Carl Icahn Returns * Joe Klein Bashar Assad, The Lethal Tyrant * Fareed Zakaria Big Fuss Over a Small Iran Deal * iPad * iPhone * Android * TIME TV * Populist * The Page * TIME Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Photos * Videos * Lists * Magazine * (c) 2013 Time Inc. 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Why the World Trade Center Still Isn't Finished By Claire Suddath Saturday, Sept. 10, 2011 * Share + + Tweet + + * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + Mark Lennihan / AP A view of the construction of the World Trade Center complex on Aug. 25, 2011 Related * TIME Special Report: 10 Years Later * Sports and Remembrance: How Softball Helps Honor a Hero of 9/11 * Video: Four Unlikely Survivors * Remembering 9/11: The Evolution of Ground Zero * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Del.i.cious + Google+ * Comment * Reprints Follow @TIME It's an afternoon in September, a few days before the 10th anniversary of 9/11, and a young woman is standing outside the fence that surrounds the World Trade Center site, posing for a photograph in front of a construction crane. A few yards away, a father draws the outline of the Twin Towers in the air for his son. The boy can't be more than 8 or 9 years old. He watches his father then peers through the chain-link fence at the half-finished buildings surrounded by truckloads of cement and steel. He asks again what happened. The father answers quietly — his voice too low for passersby to hear — but we know what he's saying. Ten years ago, not more than a few dozen yards from where he and his son are now standing, two hijacked airplanes plowed into the Twin Towers, killing an estimated 2,752 people. A third airplane crashed into the Pentagon and a fourth, Flight 93, went down in a Pennsylvania field — killing a combined 224 more. (See James Nachtwey's unpublished 9/11 photos.) Ten years is not a very long time. Most people who are alive today were also alive back then. We can remember where we were on 9/11 and what it was like to watch an airplane strike the second tower on live TV. Victims' family members are still hurting. There are people in New York City who have gotten sick from the ash and debris that blanketed part of the city that day. And in the lower part of Manhattan, the World Trade Center — 16 acres of planned office buildings, subway stations, commuter-railway lines and a memorial museum and plaza — still hasn't been rebuilt. Nobody expects a wound this deep to heal swiftly, but after 10 years of fist-pumping speeches and patriotic promises, we are just now putting in the stitches. But there is one thing we have done. On Sept. 11, 2011, New York City will officially unveil 9/11 Memorial to victims' families and invited guests. (It will open up to the public the following day.) It is a stone plaza peppered with 400 swamp white oak trees that surround two square reflecting pools and waterfalls, which are located where the original towers once stood. The names of the 9/11 victims, as well as the six people killed in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, are inscribed on parapets that run along the waterfalls' perimeters. Of the seven major construction projects currently going on at Ground Zero, it is the only one that's finished. Even given its size and complexity, the World Trade Center has taken an unusually long time to rebuild. If everything goes according to plan, the site won't be finished until 2016. That's nearly 8 years longer than the initial projections offered by New York's then governor George Pataki in 2003. To give you an idea of how long that is, the original towers were completed in just five and a half years. (See photos of views from the Twin Towers.) "It's easy to ask, 'What's taking so long?'" says Chris Ward, the executive director of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, "but it's harder to say, 'O.K., this is how we build it.'" The World Trade Center construction site is a $20 billion venture — according to Ward, it is the biggest public-construction project that has ever been undertaken in the U.S. It is a vastly complex partnership between the Port Authority, a bistate government organization that oversees the regional transportation between New York and New Jersey; a private real estate developer named Larry Silverstein; and dozens of smaller companies and organizations that have been brought on to help design, build, fund and oversee everything from the subway and commuter-train center to a performing-arts venue. The site has suffered repeated delays, budget overruns, design changes and several serious lawsuits. After 9/11, it took nearly a year and a half for the city to even decide upon a rebuilding plan. In fact, the first attempt at such a plan had to be completely scrapped. In July 2002, the Lower Manhattan Development Corp. (LMDC) — the agency that oversees the World Trade Center's redevelopment — released six proposals for how to rebuild the site. They were bland, largely uniform structures that maximized office space to generate as much revenue as possible (estimated at the time to be $120 million a year). For the most famous construction site in the U.S., the plans showed surprisingly little creativity or forethought. And so, the LMDC tried again. An international competition was held, and in February 2003, a Polish-American architect named Daniel Libeskind was awarded the project for designing a very tall, asymmetrical skyscraper that would come to be known as the Freedom Tower. See TIME's special report, "Beyond 9/11: Portraits of Resilience." 1. Previous 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. Next The Magazine Subscribe Current Time.com Cover * The Year in Pictures * Photos: 2013: The Year In Culture * Even After Volcker, Banks Aren't Safe Enough * 10 Questions with Rick Warren * Table of Contents * Subscribe Now * Online Issue Archive Most Read 1. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 2. 5 Simple Steps to a Better 2014 3. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': Scorsese and DiCaprio Fall For the Big Con 4. A Newly Discovered Underground Lake in Greenland Will Help Us Understand Climate Change 5. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 6. Snapchat Weakness Would Reportedly Allow Phone Numbers to Be Matched to User Accounts 7. Pope Francis Excommunicates Priest Who Backed Women's Ordination and Gays 8. The Most Surprising Photos of 2013 9. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 10. Arts and Entertainment Most Emailed 1. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 2. Windows XP to Become a Hacker's Dream in 2014, Experts Warn 3. How Many Steps Does it Take to Avoid a Heart Attack? Researchers Find Out 4. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 5. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 6. Here's What Christmas Morning Would Look Like Through the Lens of Your Favorite Directors 7. Artist Creates 3D Art Using Strangers' DNA 8. Ralph Fiennes' 'The Invisible Woman': Dickens in Love 9. UPS Bosses Hit The Road To Deliver Late Christmas Packages 10. The Target Credit Card Breach: What You Should Know More News from Our Partners Slate * * * Huffington Post * [] * [] * [] Sponsored A Pragmatist's Guide for Living She heads an organization that has been part of the lives of 59 million American women. Girl Scouts of the USA CEO Anna Maria Chavez still relies on the values instilled in her many years ago, including her belief in data-driven decision-making TIME NewslettersSee all Newsletters Newsletter Free! Sign Up Now * Breaking News * Politics * Entertainment * LightBox * and more... Your Email ____________________ (Submit) Go Voices * Joel Stein The Year of Not Trying Too Hard * James Poniewozik 2013 TV in Review: The Rise of Craft-Brewed Television * Richard Corliss Critics Awards 2: Judgment Daze * Rana Foroohar The Original Wolf of Wall Street Carl Icahn Returns * Joe Klein Bashar Assad, The Lethal Tyrant * Fareed Zakaria Big Fuss Over a Small Iran Deal * iPad * iPhone * Android * TIME TV * Populist * The Page * TIME Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Photos * Videos * Lists * Magazine * (c) 2013 Time Inc. All rights reserved * Privacy Policy * Your California Privacy Rights * RSS * Newsletter * Mobile * TIME For Kids * Subscribe * Contact Us * Terms of Use * Media Kit * Reprints & Permissions * Help * Site Map * Ad Choices * Custom Content TIME logo our partners CNN logo CNN Money logo § #World » Ten Years After 9/11, Is It Now Time to be Afraid of China? Comments Feed alternate alternate World WordPress.com Skip to Content TIME World Sections → * Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Video * TIME 100 * Photos * Magazine * LIFE.com * Lists * Sports Search Search TIME ____________________ Go * Follow + Facebook + Twitter + Google+ + Tumblr + RSS * Apps * Main * Middle East * China * India * Europe * Africa * Latin America * Asia * Photos * Fareed Zakaria Japan Ten Years After 9/11, Is It Now Time to be Afraid of China? By Ishaan Tharoor @ishaantharoorSept. 08, 20110 * Share + + + + + + [pin_it_button.png] * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Delicious + Google+ * Comment Follow @TIMEWorld A vessel reported to be the Ukrainian-made aircraft carrier Varyag, which China bought in the 1990s, is seen at a port in Dalian, Liaoning province, April 17, 2011. (Photo: Reuters) As the commentaries, retrospectives and meditations pile up ten years after 9/11, expect quite a few in their closing paragraphs to look toward the next grand geo-political challenge facing the U.S. A decade of costly adventurism in the Middle East and Afghanistan, many will argue, distracted U.S. policy making from the new realities of Asia, where some of the world’s main economies and rising powers are shaping the future decades of the 21^st century. The bogeyman here is not an ideology or some shadowy terrorist threat, but, to be blunt, China. Beijing’s rise as an economic and military power raises understandable concerns. The modernization of its navy and army seem calculated to directly challenge the preeminence of American power. As an authoritarian state, China has shown a penchant for a cold-blooded foreign policy, happy to support troublesome regimes from Khartoum to Pyongyang. A raft of pundits have already issued grim warnings about the future of the global liberal, democratic order — one which emerged during the 20^th century’s Pax Americana — as it gets pressured by the new imperatives of a Chinese hegemon. Tapping into this sense of alarm, an essay published last week in the National Review by Michael Auslin, the resident East Asia scholar at the right-of-center American Enterprise Institute, offers up a vision for American strategy in the Pacific. Though Auslin claims his proposal is more “pro-Asia” than it is “anti-China,” it’s hard to see how the two in his formulation are all that different. Auslin’s essay — entitled “Build, Hold and Clear: An American Strategy for Asia” — is a re-invention of the U.S.’s “counter-insurgency” doctrine invoked in Iraq and Afghanistan of “clear, hold and build,” now applied across the wide tableau of the Asia-Pacific. Given the profound doubts hanging over U.S. operations in those two war-blighted countries, questions ought to immediately arise. Auslin shrugs off any concerns of U.S. decline or failure, and calls for policymakers to focus on “the next American era today.” This involves, ostensibly, reasserting U.S. interests across Asia by “building a larger community” of like-minded allies and confronting China more directly. Auslin writes: We must have a clear diplomatic line that does not confuse our friends and realistically calls out those nations that act in destabilizing ways. The Obama administration has begun to openly put such pressure on China over maritime territorial claims, but our reluctance to make clear China’s negative policies with respect to North Korea, Burma, Iran, and other nations, as well as its continuing abysmal human-rights record, means we are sending mixed messages to those nations that seek to adhere to higher standards of international and domestic behavior. From checking Chinese expansionism in the South China Sea to shoring up the development of democracy in the region, Auslim imagines American leadership ought to play a key role. No matter the U.S.’s budgetary woes, he suggests a reinforcement of the U.S.’s military position in the region, seeking basing rights in Australia and greater access for naval units and American aircraft in Southeast Asia. “Rebalancing our global forces so as to put more submarines, ballistic-missile defense measures, and stealth aircraft in Asia,” writes Auslin, “will reassure allies and complicate any aggressive plans of potential adversaries.” No points for guessing who these adversaries are. There are some obvious problems here. With China a vital trade partner for virtually every nation in Asia, no government is willing to let itself be drawn into any sort of anti-Chinese bloc. A 2007 call by an earlier Japanese administration for “an arc of freedom” linking democracies like Australia, Japan and India proved to be words in the wind few are willing to repeat. Moreover, some Asian governments are wary of acting in lockstep with a country that for years bossed the world as its lone superpower. India has seen a dramatic improvement of ties with the U.S. over the past decade, yet policy independence is a pronounced mantra of any Indian government; cozying up to Washington remains a political faux-pas. While China’s military rise has neighbors wary, a time when the Chinese PLA could legitimately rival the U.S. military is still far off. Much was made of the launch earlier this summer of China’s first aircraft carrier. But, as academics Shashank Joshi and Ashley Townshend write, the repurposed ex-Soviet hulk will give U.S. naval officials few sleepless nights. Indeed, striking a confrontational pose against the Chinese is likely counter-productive: Overreactions will only strengthen Communist Party and PLA hardliners, emboldening strands of Chinese nationalism. While co-operating to blunt the PLA navy’s offensive capabilities, the US and its allies should recognise Beijing’s legitimate maritime interests. A Cold War mentality in Asia is an anachronism not simply because the world is now a far more fragmented and “multi-polar” place, but also because China’s dominance may not rely — like the U.S.’s did — on aircraft carriers and forward operating bases. As Charles Kenny writes in Foreign Policy, “China will be a different kind of global power because the nature of global power has changed dramatically.” China’s growing stake in an ever-integrating global economy, says Kenny, means it will have “considerable self-interest in maintaining multilateralism” and playing nice with its neighbors. After a decade that has seen policy-makers in Washington set up the shibboleth of “terror” as a pretext for two costly wars, it might be wise to stop seeking the next great enemy around the corner. Ishaan Tharoor is a writer-reporter for TIME and editor of Global Spin. Find him on Twitter at @ishaantharoor. You can also continue the discussion on TIME‘s Facebook page and on Twitter at @TIMEWorld. Ishaan Tharoor @ishaantharoor Ishaan Tharoor is a Senior Editor at TIME magazine and Editor of TIME World, based in New York City. 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But in addition to all the usual wedding-planning details — choosing the flavor of their cake, the color of the flowers in her bouquet — Kreimer had to decide whether to observe a moment of silence. That's because she and her fiance chose to wed on the 10th anniversary of 9/11. "I've always considered it a day of mourning, of remembrance," says Kreimer, 24, a speech pathologist from Long Island, New York. So why choose that day to get married? Because she wanted to tie the knot in September and because the New Jersey venue she had her heart set on — an event space in New Jersey, just a short drive from where the attacks occurred in Manhattan — only had Sept. 11 available. "We definitely had to think about it," Kreimer says, even after the venue, which was having trouble booking an event on that day, offered her a discount of about $50 a head. In the end, she and her fiance decided to mark the day with a joyful occasion. "We remember the lives that were lost, but you have to keep living your life," she says. (See TIME's special report, "Beyond 9/11: Portraits of Resilience.") Their decision makes them something of a rarity, at least in the parts of the country near Ground Zero: of the 30 or so New York City–based wedding planners TIME contacted for this story, the vast majority said they were not planning a wedding on Sept. 11. But elsewhere in the U.S., more people are choosing to marry on Sept. 11, according to statistics from the wedding-planning website, TheKnot.com. The site, which tracks wedding trends based on data that couples input when they are registering on the website, reports 1,712 registered weddings this year on Sept. 11 — that's nearly double the number of weddings the last time the date fell on a Sunday, in 2005. Similarly, last year, when the anniversary fell on a Saturday — the most popular day of the week for weddings — there were 9,210 ceremonies registered on the site, a significant increase from Saturday, Sept. 11, 2004, when there were 5,303. "What we're seeing is a lot of couples are reclaiming the day as a happy event," says Anja Winikka, an editor at TheKnot.com. That's what Antoinette Perrie and Philip D'Ambrosio decided to do when they booked a beach venue for this Sunday on Long Island. Perrie, 57, a chiropractor and acupuncturist in Queens, said she and her fiance sat down to plan their wedding about six months ago. At that time, their favorite venue was essentially all booked up. "The manager looked at me, and she said, 'Well, I do have one date, but no one wants it,'" Perrie says. "Once she told me, I thought, you know, I am not going to be spooked by this day. I thought if I said no, the terrorists would win." (See the definitive photos from 9/11.) Perrie and her fiance plan to have the chaplain say a few words about 9/11 during the ceremony, and they will fly American flags on the beach in remembrance. Kreimer decided to include a moment of silence. But for at least some Sept. 11 brides, the date has cast too dark a shadow on their big day. "I wanted to turn it into something good," Vanessa Castillo, who lives in Miami and runs a construction company with her husband, says of getting married last year on Sept. 11. "But now we're celebrating one year and everyone says, 'Wow, I can't believe you've been married a year, but can you believe it's been 10 years since 9/11?' There's always a but. Forget me and my husband celebrating. It's going to be a sad day." Her wedding planner, Cheryl Fielding-LoPalo, president of Cheryl J. Weddings & Events, says she has tried telling Castillo that the 10th anniversary is a special case and that down the road, there won't be quite so much attention paid to it. Nevertheless, Castillo and her husband plan to celebrate their anniversary in future years on March 18, the day they were legally wed at a courthouse. "She's feeling like she isn't allowed to be happy" on 9/11, Fielding-LoPalo says. "That's too bad because I don't think anyone who was impacted would ever wish that someone else couldn't find joy on that day." See James Nachtwey's unpublished 9/11 photos. See perspectives from the 9/11 generation. The Magazine Subscribe Current Time.com Cover * The Year in Pictures * Photos: 2013: The Year In Culture * Even After Volcker, Banks Aren't Safe Enough * 10 Questions with Rick Warren * Table of Contents * Subscribe Now * Online Issue Archive Most Read 1. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 2. 5 Simple Steps to a Better 2014 3. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': Scorsese and DiCaprio Fall For the Big Con 4. A Newly Discovered Underground Lake in Greenland Will Help Us Understand Climate Change 5. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 6. Snapchat Weakness Would Reportedly Allow Phone Numbers to Be Matched to User Accounts 7. Pope Francis Excommunicates Priest Who Backed Women's Ordination and Gays 8. The Most Surprising Photos of 2013 9. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 10. Arts and Entertainment Most Emailed 1. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 2. Windows XP to Become a Hacker's Dream in 2014, Experts Warn 3. How Many Steps Does it Take to Avoid a Heart Attack? Researchers Find Out 4. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 5. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 6. Here's What Christmas Morning Would Look Like Through the Lens of Your Favorite Directors 7. Artist Creates 3D Art Using Strangers' DNA 8. Ralph Fiennes' 'The Invisible Woman': Dickens in Love 9. UPS Bosses Hit The Road To Deliver Late Christmas Packages 10. 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Your Email ____________________ (Submit) Go Voices * Joel Stein The Year of Not Trying Too Hard * James Poniewozik 2013 TV in Review: The Rise of Craft-Brewed Television * Richard Corliss Critics Awards 2: Judgment Daze * Rana Foroohar The Original Wolf of Wall Street Carl Icahn Returns * Joe Klein Bashar Assad, The Lethal Tyrant * Fareed Zakaria Big Fuss Over a Small Iran Deal * iPad * iPhone * Android * TIME TV * Populist * The Page * TIME Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Photos * Videos * Lists * Magazine * (c) 2013 Time Inc. All rights reserved * Privacy Policy * Your California Privacy Rights * RSS * Newsletter * Mobile * TIME For Kids * Subscribe * Contact Us * Terms of Use * Media Kit * Reprints & Permissions * Help * Site Map * Ad Choices * Custom Content TIME logo our partners CNN logo CNN Money logo § Skip to Content TIME U.S. Sections -> * Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Video * TIME 100 * Photos * Magazine * LIFE.com * Lists * Sports Search Search TIME ____________________ Go * Follow + Facebook + Twitter + Google+ + Tumblr + RSS * Apps In Fragmented Miami, a 9/11 Show of Unity Among Faiths By Tim Padgett / Miami Wednesday, Sept. 07, 2011 * Share + + Tweet + + * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + Sebastien Desarmaux / Corbis * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Del.i.cious + Google+ * Reprints Follow @TIME The 9/11 hijackers didn't just want to kill human beings. They were out to destroy human ties. They brought down the Twin Towers hoping to put up even higher walls between countries, races and especially religions. And they almost got away with it, judging by last year's divisive protests against a Muslim community center near Ground Zero — or last week's Pew Research Center poll of Muslim-Americans, in which more than a fifth say they still see support for Islamic extremism in their community. But then, if a few clerics and their congregations here in Miami are any indication, the terrorists lost. When a so-called Florida preacher announced this year that he and his so-called church had burned a Koran, my coverage of that otherwise abhorrent episode led me to Masjid al-Ihsaan, a Sunni mosque in south Miami-Dade County. Its Gandhi-esque response to the preacher's affront was not to lash out but rather to hand out the Muslim holy book. For every Koran he burned, Al-Ihsaan would give 114 of them (the Koran has 114 chapters) to the community. The mosque's imam, Tarek Chebbi, asked me to present one to the Rev. Luis Perez, the pastor of a nearby Roman Catholic church I attend, Holy Rosary-St. Richard. Father Perez enthusiastically accepted Imam Chebbi's invitation of an interfaith partnership, as did Rabbi Mark Kram of a local Reconstructionist Jewish temple, Beth Or, and their congregations responded just as positively. (See TIME's special: Beyond 9/11: Portraits of Resiliance.) Fast forward to this weekend, when members of those three congregations plan to attend each other's services to commemorate the 10th anniversary of 9/11. On Friday, Sept. 9, Catholics and Jews will be guests at afternoon prayer at Al-Ihsaan; Catholics and Muslims will go to Shabbat service at Beth Or that evening; and on Sunday, Muslims and Jews will be at a Holy Rosary-St. Richard mass. Faith communities across the U.S. could do worse than conclude that interfaith communities are one of the best ways to honor 9/11 victims — and denounce their murderers. Like the malignant dust that fouled Ground Zero, one of the sad siren songs that hung in the post-9/11 air was that we're locked in a "clash of civilizations." And that rhetoric is bound to pollute this weekend's national observance, as talking heads of all religious and political stripes try to turn a solemn period of outreach into cable-news noise about the "imposition" of Shari'a law or the "decadence" of western culture. Rather than engage the more critical issue of how we defuse the religious resentments that lead to so much of the world's violence, they'll insist on parsing questions like whether Anders Behring Breivik, who massacred 76 people in Norway this past summer in the name of Christianity, can be called a Christian terrorist; or whether Baruch Goldstein, who in 1994 gunned down 29 praying Palestinians in the West Bank in the name of Judaism, can be called a Jewish terrorist, in the same way we call the 9/11 hijackers Islamic terrorists. (Yes and yes, by the way.) What the Miami congregations are saying, in their small but salient way, is that the terrorists and hate-mongers do not represent their religions. Just as important, they're recognizing that those faiths, for all their real differences, have a great deal in common. In fact, Abraham's submission to God, a central theme of the Torah and the Old Testament, is the focus of one of Islam's most important holy days, Eid al-Adha. The Koran, meanwhile, reverently mentions Jesus and the Virgin Mary almost 60 times. And western civilization owes a big debt to medieval Muslim thinkers like Ibn Rushd (Averroes to western readers) for keeping alive classical texts, like Aristotle's, that inspired medieval Christian thinkers like Thomas Aquinas — and helped nurture the European Renaissance. (See "Flight 93 and Shanksville, Pa: The Forgotten Part of 9/11.") Which makes it all the more regrettable that while Judeo-Christian fellowship is fairly common in America — I met one of my best friends growing up when my confirmation class attended his bar mitzvah — Judeo-Christian-Muslim fellowship is fairly rare. This is the weekend to correct that, especially since the core greeting of each faith is "Peace": Shalom in the Hebrew of Judaism, Salaam in the Arabic of Islam and Pax vobiscum (peace be with you) in the Latin of early Christianity. For that matter, it's the central tenet of any credible religion, from Hinduism to Buddhism to paganism. South Florida, thankfully, was spared the carnage of 9/11, but its ghosts abide here nonetheless, since many of the hijackers covertly trained in our midst. That, and the fact that Miami remains one of the country's most fragmented communities, makes it important that we mark the 9/11 anniversary by opening our churches, mosques, synagogues and temples. But it's just as important that the rest of the country — not just New York, Washington, D.C., and rural Pennsylvania but every village and metropolis in the South, Midwest and West — realize that we can either perpetuate the "clash of civilizations" or halt it. Doing the former is just what the hijackers wanted. The Magazine Subscribe Current Time.com Cover * The Year in Pictures * Photos: 2013: The Year In Culture * Even After Volcker, Banks Aren't Safe Enough * 10 Questions with Rick Warren * Table of Contents * Subscribe Now * Online Issue Archive Most Read 1. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 2. 5 Simple Steps to a Better 2014 3. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': Scorsese and DiCaprio Fall For the Big Con 4. A Newly Discovered Underground Lake in Greenland Will Help Us Understand Climate Change 5. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 6. Snapchat Weakness Would Reportedly Allow Phone Numbers to Be Matched to User Accounts 7. Pope Francis Excommunicates Priest Who Backed Women's Ordination and Gays 8. The Most Surprising Photos of 2013 9. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 10. Arts and Entertainment Most Emailed 1. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 2. Windows XP to Become a Hacker's Dream in 2014, Experts Warn 3. How Many Steps Does it Take to Avoid a Heart Attack? Researchers Find Out 4. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 5. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 6. Here's What Christmas Morning Would Look Like Through the Lens of Your Favorite Directors 7. Artist Creates 3D Art Using Strangers' DNA 8. Ralph Fiennes' 'The Invisible Woman': Dickens in Love 9. UPS Bosses Hit The Road To Deliver Late Christmas Packages 10. The Target Credit Card Breach: What You Should Know More News from Our Partners Slate * * * Huffington Post * [] * [] * [] Sponsored A Pragmatist's Guide for Living She heads an organization that has been part of the lives of 59 million American women. Girl Scouts of the USA CEO Anna Maria Chavez still relies on the values instilled in her many years ago, including her belief in data-driven decision-making TIME NewslettersSee all Newsletters Newsletter Free! Sign Up Now * Breaking News * Politics * Entertainment * LightBox * and more... Your Email ____________________ (Submit) Go Voices * Joel Stein The Year of Not Trying Too Hard * James Poniewozik 2013 TV in Review: The Rise of Craft-Brewed Television * Richard Corliss Critics Awards 2: Judgment Daze * Rana Foroohar The Original Wolf of Wall Street Carl Icahn Returns * Joe Klein Bashar Assad, The Lethal Tyrant * Fareed Zakaria Big Fuss Over a Small Iran Deal * iPad * iPhone * Android * TIME TV * Populist * The Page * TIME Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Photos * Videos * Lists * Magazine * (c) 2013 Time Inc. All rights reserved * Privacy Policy * Your California Privacy Rights * RSS * Newsletter * Mobile * TIME For Kids * Subscribe * Contact Us * Terms of Use * Media Kit * Reprints & Permissions * Help * Site Map * Ad Choices * Custom Content TIME logo our partners CNN logo CNN Money logo § Skip to Content TIME U.S. Sections -> * Home * NewsFeed * U.S. * Politics * World * Business * Tech * Health * Science * Entertainment * Video * TIME 100 * Photos * Magazine * LIFE.com * Lists * Sports Search Search TIME ____________________ Go * Follow + Facebook + Twitter + Google+ + Tumblr + RSS * Apps How to Preach on Sunday, September 11, 2011 By Elizabeth Dias Saturday, Sept. 10, 2011 * Share + + Tweet + + * Read Later + [white-15.png] Send to Kindle + + Corbis Related * The Importance of Understanding Religion in a Post-9/11 World * In Fragmented Miami, a 9/11 Show of Unity Among Faiths * Email * Print * Share + Facebook + Twitter + Tumblr + LinkedIn + StumbleUpon + Reddit + Digg + Mixx + Del.i.cious + Google+ * Comment * Reprints Follow @TIME On the 10th anniversary of September 11 Sunday morning, some 120 million Americans will be sitting in church pews. Waiting nearby in half a million pulpits will be much of the nation's clergy, sermons in hand. The question is, What will they preach? This Sunday's sermon has been a hot topic for pastors across the country for months. Barbara Brown Taylor, a critically-acclaimed Episcopal preacher and Islam professor at Piedmont College, has become a go-to for sermon counsel. "I would focus on wisdom gained. I would try to think about what we have learned over these 10 years," she says of the anniversary Sunday. "What we have learned about our religious neighbors, what we have learned about ourselves, and what does our tradition teach us about how to go forward?" (See behind the scenes of TIME's Beyond 9/11 cover.) This week's lectionary lineup offers powerful passages for reflection along these lines. Biblical texts for scheduled for this Sunday include Moses leading the Israelites from Egyptian slavery, Joseph forgiving his brothers who sold him to slavery, and Jesus requiring forgiveness seventy times seven times, a Biblical metaphor for continual grace. Some of the most famous words in the Psalms are also on tap: "The LORD is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in love" (Psalm 103). While not all Christian traditions follow the lectionary guide, many mainline Protestant churches will worship united around passages that have provided hope since they were penned several thousand years ago. Denominational leaders are also reaching out to their pastors to help guide their words. As a guiding principle for Sunday, Rev. Katharine Jefferts Schori, Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, asks pastors to consider, "Have we become more effective reconcilers as a result? Are we more committed to peace-making?" Rev. James H. Cooper at Trinity Wall Street Church in Lower Manhattan challenges that the day should be about preaching forgiveness instead of solely remembering pain. "The horrific nature of the attacks had their counterpart that day in the messages that were spoken person to person, prayed, and heard by God," he advised on the church's website. Groups like Textweek and Congregational Resource Guide have provided online resources like prayer and hymn suggestions, including "O God, Our Hearts Were Shattered," an interfaith hymn written for the anniversary Sunday. In the back of many preachers' minds lingers the painful reality that a tiny minority of Christians proclaimed not reconciliation but planned Quran burnings and mosque relocation wars. "There are many things a preacher could do wrong this Sunday," cautions Taylor. "I would speak from and to the congregation in front of me." She suggests pastors specifically consider, questions such as, How was this congregation, this city, this town was affected by 9/11? How did the church respond at the time? What initiatives have they undertaken since? How can my message serve this community's story? (See photos of Shanksville, the most forgotten piece of 9/11.) St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City is doing just that by asking people to submit their own 9/11 remembrances online. These can then be used to provide specific pastoral care and to strengthen the church's community. In the Cathedral's attic, a tangible reminder of the day still stands untouched: four firefighters who died on 9/11 had signed their names into its walls and windows. On the whole, this decade has brought Christian efforts to better understand other religions, especially Islam. Even seemingly small phrases matter. Ten years ago, many preachers referred foremost to the 'Judeo-Christian' tradition. Today many pastors, like Taylor, use the term 'Abrahamic' traditions to include Muslim brothers and sisters, who also descend from Judaism's and Christianity's Father Abraham. How sermons go this Sunday may shed light on how far churches have come. "Churches were spilling over on the weekend after 9/11. Preachers looked out on congregations larger than they had been in a decade, or multiple decades," Taylor notes. "The 10-year anniversary is a chance to look again and to reflect on whether the church has been able to give people any practical help on living in a changed global reality." See how to talk to kids about 9/11. See previously unpublished photos from 9/11 by the amazing James Nachtwey. The Magazine Subscribe Current Time.com Cover * The Year in Pictures * Photos: 2013: The Year In Culture * Even After Volcker, Banks Aren't Safe Enough * 10 Questions with Rick Warren * Table of Contents * Subscribe Now * Online Issue Archive Most Read 1. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 2. 5 Simple Steps to a Better 2014 3. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': Scorsese and DiCaprio Fall For the Big Con 4. A Newly Discovered Underground Lake in Greenland Will Help Us Understand Climate Change 5. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 6. Snapchat Weakness Would Reportedly Allow Phone Numbers to Be Matched to User Accounts 7. Pope Francis Excommunicates Priest Who Backed Women's Ordination and Gays 8. The Most Surprising Photos of 2013 9. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 10. Arts and Entertainment Most Emailed 1. 50 Best Android Apps for 2013 2. Windows XP to Become a Hacker's Dream in 2014, Experts Warn 3. How Many Steps Does it Take to Avoid a Heart Attack? Researchers Find Out 4. 'The Wolf of Wall Street': The True Story 5. The Navy's Amazing Ocean-Powered Underwater Drone 6. Here's What Christmas Morning Would Look Like Through the Lens of Your Favorite Directors 7. Artist Creates 3D Art Using Strangers' DNA 8. Ralph Fiennes' 'The Invisible Woman': Dickens in Love 9. UPS Bosses Hit The Road To Deliver Late Christmas Packages 10. The Target Credit Card Breach: What You Should Know More News from Our Partners Slate * * * Huffington Post * [] * [] * [] Sponsored A Pragmatist's Guide for Living She heads an organization that has been part of the lives of 59 million American women. Girl Scouts of the USA CEO Anna Maria Chavez still relies on the values instilled in her many years ago, including her belief in data-driven decision-making TIME NewslettersSee all Newsletters Newsletter Free! Sign Up Now * Breaking News * Politics * Entertainment * LightBox * and more... 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