5. Top Pro & Con Quotes 6. Comments 7. 36 States with Legal Gay Marriage and 14 States with Same-Sex Marriage Bans 8. Gay Marriage Timeline 9. Gay Marriage in the US Supreme Court, 2013 -- Last updated on: 1/13/2015 8:14:51 AM PST 36 States with Legal Gay Marriage and 14 States with Same-Sex Marriage Bans (dates reflect when laws took effect) -- 36 States Have Legal Same-Sex Marriage gay marriage icons legal 25 by Court Decision -- 14 States Ban Same-Sex Marriage gay marriage icons illegal 13 by Constitutional Amendment and State Law -- In 2013 and 2014, following the US Supreme Court's United States v. Windsor decision, gay marriage bans were overturned by court rulings in several states, but those rulings were put on hold pending appeals to the US Supreme Court. On Oct. 6, 2014, the Supreme Court declined to hear appeals from five of those states, and the decision immediately cleared the way for legal gay marriage in Indiana, Oklahoma, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Six other states, Colorado, Kansas, North Carolina, South Carolina, West Virginia, and Wyoming, were also potentially affected by the Supreme Court ruling because they were in the jurisdictions of the lower courts that had overturned the gay marriage bans. ARKANSAS – On May 9, 2014, Arkansas' gay marriage ban was ruled unconstitutional by Pulaski County Circuit Judge Chris Piazza. Arkansas had previously banned gay marriage by both state law and voter-approved constitutional amendment. Some Arkansas counties began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples on May 10, 2014, while other counties refused to issue licenses. Arkansas Attorney General Dustin McDaniel requested that the State Supreme Court put a stay on Judge Piazza's ruling, but the request was denied on May 14, 2014. The Supreme Court effectively halted gay marriages from taking place, however, by noting that while Judge Piazza's ruling had struck down both the constitutional amendment and the state law, it had not affected an additional state law prohibiting county clerks from issuing same-sex marriage licenses. 456 licenses had been issued in total. On May 15, 2014, Judge Piazza expanded his ruling to strike down the additional law and any other measures that made gay marriage illegal, but on May 16, 2014 the State Supreme Court suspended that ruling, halting all gay marriages within the state. On Nov. 25, 2014, US District Judge Kristine Baker ruled the state's gay marriage ban unconstitutional, but stayed her own ruling, pending expected appeals. KENTUCKY – On July 1, 2014, US District Judge John G. Heyburn II ruled that Kentucky's constitutional amendment banning gay marriage violates the equal protection clause in the US Constitution. Judge Heyburn stated that the ban serves "no conceivable legitimate purpose," but stayed his own decision, pending the state's appeal. On Nov. 6, 2014, a three-judge panel of the Sixth US Circuit Court of Appeals overturned Judge Heyburn's ruling 2-1, thus upholding the state's gay marriage ban. An appeal to either the full bench of the court or directly to the US Supreme Court is expected. MICHIGAN – On Mar. 21, 2014, a federal judge ruled Michigan's gay marriage ban unconstitutional. US District Judge Bernard Friedman wrote that "Today's decision... affirms the enduring principle that regardless of whoever finds favor in the eyes of the most recent majority, the guarantee of equal protection must prevail." Around 300 same-sex couples received marriage licenses before the US 6th Court of Appeals issued a stay on the decision on Mar. 22, 2014, making same-sex marriage illegal again in Michigan, pending the appeal process. On Mar. 28, 2014, US Attorney General Eric Holder stated that the marriages performed prior to the stay being issued would be recognized by the federal government: "These families will be eligible for all relevant federal benefits on the same terms as other same-sex marriages." On Nov. 6, 2014, a three-judge panel of the Sixth US Circuit Court of Appeals overturned Judge Friedman's ruling 2-1, thus upholding the state's gay marriage ban. An appeal to either the full bench of the court or directly to the US Supreme Court is expected. -- SOUTH DAKOTA – On Jan. 12, 2015, US District Judge Karen Schreier ruled South Dakota's gay marriage ban unconstitutional, stating that "Plaintiffs have a fundamental right to marry... South Dakota law deprives them of that right solely because they are same-sex couples and without sufficient justification." The ruling was put on hold pending the state's appeal to the 8th US Circuit Court of Appeals. TEXAS – On Feb. 26, 2014, a federal judge ruled Texas' gay marriage ban unconstitutional. Judge Orlando Garcia wrote "Without a rational relation to a legitimate governmental purpose, state-imposed inequality can find no refuges in our U.S. Constitution." He then stayed his own decision pending appeal to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, leaving same-sex marriage illegal in Texas. Timeline of Same-Sex Marriage Bans and Legalizations by Effective Date of Laws Gay marriage 36 states legal 14 states banned -- 1. Associated Press, "Appeals Court Halts Gay Marriages in Alaska," usatoday.com, Oct. 15, 2014 2. Associated Press, "Federal Judge Strikes Down SC Gay Marriage Ban," washingtonpost.com, Nov. 12, 2014 3. Associated Press, "Judge Rules SD Same-Sex Marriage Ban Unconstitutional," nytimes.com, Jan. 12, 2015 4. Associated Press, "Justice Kennedy Blocks Gay Marriage Ruling for Idaho, Nevada," usatoday.com, Oct. 8, 2014 5. Associated Press, "'We're Walking on Clouds': Gay Marriages Begin in Nevada," nbcnews.com, Oct. 9, 2014 6. Saeed Ahmed, "Judge Overturns Alaska's Same-Sex Marriage Ban That Dates to 1998," cnn.com, Oct. 13, 2014 7. Cable News Network (CNN) staff, "Federal Judge Overturns Montana's Ban on Same-Sex marriage," cnn.com, Nov. 19, 2014 8. Curt Anderson, "Federal Judge Rules Florida Gay Marriage Ban Unconstitutional, but Delays Issuing of Licenses," ap.org, Aug. 21, 2014 9. Curt Anderson, "Judge Won't Lift Fla. Keys Gay Marriage Stay," ap.org, July 21, 2014 10. Curt Anderson, "Ruling Allows Same-Sex Marriages for Florida Keys," ap.org, July 17, 2014 11. Joseph Ax and Edith Honan, "New Jersey Judge Allows Same-Sex Marriage," reuters.com, Sep. 27, 2013 12. David Bailey, "Minnesota Governor Signs Bill Legalizing Gay Marriage," reuters.com, May 14, 2013 13. David Bailey and Kevin Murphy, "Kansas Ban on Same-Sex Marriage Unconstitutional: Judge," reuters.com, Nov. 4, 2014 14. Robert Barnes, "Federal Judge Strikes Down Va. Ban on Gay Marriage," washingtonpost.com, Feb. 14, 2014 15. Steve Barnes and Emily Le Coz, "U.S. Judges Overturn Gay Marriage Bans in Arkansas, Mississippi," reuters.com, Nov. 26, 2014 16. Eve Batey, "Farewell Prop 8: SF City Attorney Vows to Litigate Aggressively to Ensure Marriage Equality for California," www.sfappeal.com, June 26, 2013 17. Barb Berggoetz, "Indiana Won't Recognize Same-Sex Marriages Performed Last Month," indystar.com, July 9, 2014 18. Greg Botelho, "Same-Sex Marriages on Hold in Idaho, Given Go-Ahead in Arkansas," cnn.com, May 15, 2014 19. Greg Botelho and Bill Mears, "Texas Ban on Same-Sex Marriage Struck Down by Federal Judge," cnn.com, Feb. 27, 2014 20. Cable News Network (CNN), "Same-Sex Marriage in the United States," cnn.com, Oct. 14, 2014 21. Cindy Carcomo, "New Mexico Becomes Latest State to Legalize Gay Marriage," latimes.com, Dec. 19, 2013 22. Andrew DeMillo, "Arkansas High Court Suspends Gay Marriage Ruling," ap.org, May 16, 2014 23. Andrew DeMillo and Christiana Huynh, "Judge Strikes All Arkansas Bans on Gay Marriage," ap.org, May 15, 2014 24. Doug Denison, "Gay Marriage in Delaware to Become Legal July 1," www.delawareonline.com, May 7, 2013 25. Lyle Denniston, "Same-Sex Marriage May Go Ahead in Kansas," scotusblog.com, Nov. 12, 2014 26. Lyle Denniston, "Sixth Circuit: Now, a Split on Same-Sex Marriage," scotusblog.com, Nov. 6, 2014 27. Erik Eckholm, "Same-Sex Marriage Gains Cheer Gay Rights Advocates," www.nytimes.com, Nov. 7, 2012 28. Erik Eckholm, "Oklahoma’s Ban on Gay Marriage Is Unconstitutional, Judge Rules," www.nytimes.com, Jan. 14, 2014 29. Zachary Fagenson, "State Judge Strikes Down Florida's Gay Marriage Ban, Stays Ruling," reuters.com, July 25, 2014 30. Zack Ford, "Federal Judge Orders Indiana to Recognize Terminally Ill Woman’s Same-Sex Marriage," thinkprogress.org, Apr. 10, 2014 31. Andrew M. Francis, Hugo M. Mialon, and Handoe Peng, "In Sickness and in Health: Same Sex Marriage Laws and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Appendix: Legal References and Notes," Emory Law and Economics Research Paper No 11-97, www.emory.edu (accessed Aug. 10, 2012) 32. Human Rights Campaign, "Marriage Center," www.hrc.org (accessed Aug. 10, 2012) 33. Lawrence Hurley, "Supreme Court Allows Gay Marriage to Proceed in South Carolina," reuters.com, Nov. 20, 2014 -- 50. Katharine Q. Seelye, "Rhode Island Joins States That Allow Gay Marriage," www.nytimes.com, May 2, 2013 51. Cynthia Sewell, "Otter May Continue Fight to Stop Gay Marriage," idahostatesman.com, Oct. 13, 2014 52. Maya Srikrishnan, "Denver Clerk Joins Boulder in Issuing Same-Sex Marriage Licenses," latimes.com, July 10, 2014 53. Jordan Steffen, "Adams Judge Tosses Colorado Gay Marriage Ban but Stays Ruling," denverpost.com, July 9, 2014 54. Jordan Steffen, "Colorado Supreme Court, Suthers Clear Way for Same-Sex Licenses," denverpost.com, Oct. 7, 2014 55. Jordan Steffen and John Ingold, "Colorado Supreme Court Puts Halt to Boulder Gay Marriage Licenses," denverpost.com, July 30, 2014 56. Jason Stein and Patrick Marley, "Court Rules against Wisconsin's, Indiana's Gay Marriage Bans," Milwaukee-Wisconsin Journal-Sentinel, Sep. 4, 2014 57. Letitia Stein, "Florida Same-Sex Marriage Ban Declared Unconstitutional in Fourth Ruling," reuters.com, Aug. 5, 2014 58. Tribune Wire Reports, "Florida Becomes 36th State to Legalize Gay Marriage," chicagotribune.com, Jan. 6, 2015 59. USA Today, "Gay Marriage in Va. May Begin Next Week," usatoday.com, Aug. 13, 2014 60. Elizabeth Weise, "Federal Judge Allows Gay Marriages to Continue in Utah," usatoday.com, Dec. 23, 2013 61. Pete Williams, "Judge Strikes down Wyoming Gay Marriage Ban," nbcnews.com, Oct. 17, 2014 62. Pete Williams and Tracy Connor, "Federal Appeals Court Strikes Down Utah's Same-Sex Marriage Ban," nbcnews.com, June 25, 2014 63. Reid Wilson, et al., "States Issue First Marriage Licenses after Supreme Court Declines Appeals," washingtonpost.com, Oct. 9, 2014 64. Michael Winter, "Utah to Appeal Gay Marriage Case to Supreme Court," usatoday.com, July 9, 2014 65. Richard Wolf, "Alaska, Arizona Become Newest Same-Sex Marriage States," usatoday.com, Oct. 17, 2014 66. Richard Wolf, "Appeals Panel Strikes Down Virginia Gay Marriage Ban," usatoday.com, July 28, 2014 67. Richard Wolf, "Supreme Court Blocks Same-Sex Marriages in Virginia," usatoday.com, Aug. 20, 2014 68. Richard Wolf, "Supreme Court Puts Utah Same-Sex Marriage on Hold," usatoday.com, Jan. 6, 2014