#alternate * 搜狐首页 * 新闻 * 体育 * 汽车 * 房产 * 旅游 * 教育 * 时尚 * 科技 * 财经 * 娱乐 * 更多 母婴 健康 历史 军事 美食 文化 星座 专题 游戏 搞笑 动漫 宠物 雅思哥 由内容质量、互动评论、分享传播等多维度分值决定，勋章级别越高( )，代表其在平台内的综合表现越好。 文章 总阅读 查看TA的文章> 【经济学人精读】在美国，堕胎违法吗？ 2019-06-05 14:05 来源:雅思哥 原标题：【经济学人精读】在美国，堕胎违法吗？ [3d00968fddd24492a62e54f8927cf20e.png] 雅思哥经济学人精读 [f86cb2c7dd0545dfbb71858a8afe3f00.jpeg] 原 文 译 文 Abortion laws 堕胎法案 Alabama shakes 阿拉巴马州的大新闻 Republican states are longing to challenge Roe v Wade 红州渴望挑战罗伊诉韦德案 注：红州与兰州 展开全文 红州与蓝州是指美国近年来选举得票数分布的倾向，表示的是共和党和民主党在各州的势力：红色代表共和党，蓝色代表民主党。在西部沿海、东北部沿海畔州份 的选民投票倾向较支持民主党，故有蓝州之说，这些州经济发达，人口众多且结构“多元化”（新移民较多）；而南部沿海和中部则较倾向于投给共和党，故有红 州之说。 自1992年以来，红州即共和党占据绝对优势的州份，这些州占据了美国中部和南部大平原的大部分，主要产业为农牧业；而蓝州则指民主党占有优势的州份， 包括东北部的大纽约都市区(包括纽约州、新泽西和康涅狄格三州)以及西海岸的加利福尼亚州等。 1. Never has the war sparked by Roe v Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court ruling that declared abortion a constitutional right, been as intense as it is now. Lawmakers in conservative states are passing ”heartbeat” bills banning abortion from the moment a heartbeat is detectable, around the sixth week of pregnancy—flagrantly violating Roe. To defend abortion rights, some liberal states are extending them, making it easier to have abortions in the third trimester. That has encouraged President Donald Trump to mount a freshassaulton late abortions, which he routinely characterizes as babies being “ripped” from their mothers’ wombs. 1973年，最高法院由罗伊诉韦德案裁定堕胎是宪法赋予的一项权利，现在对此的争论可谓是史上最激烈。保守州的立法者正陆续通过“心跳”法案，禁止从胎 儿心跳被检测到的那一刻起堕胎，这是在怀孕的第六周左右——公然违反罗伊诉韦德案的判决。为了捍卫堕胎的权利，一些自由派州正在延长堕胎的期限，这使得 在妊娠晚期堕胎变得更加容易。这促使美国总统唐纳德•特朗普对晚期流产发起新一轮攻击。他经常将晚期流产描述为婴儿从母亲的子宫中“被撕裂”。 2. The most uncompromisingattack on Roe has been launched in Alabama. On May 14th the state’s Senate passed a bill that would,in effect,ban abortion outright. Signed into law by the governor the following day, it constitutes the harshest abortion legislation passed in America in half a century. “The heartbeat bills don’t reallytackle what Roe is about,” says Eric Johnston, president of the Alabama Pro-life Coalition, alluding to Roe’s protection of abortion until a fetus is viable, at around 24 weeks. “It seemed like the right time to challenge it properly.” 对罗伊案判决最坚定的抨击发生在阿拉巴马州。5月14日，该州参议院通过了一项法案，该法案将直接禁止堕胎。该法案第二天由州长签署成为法律，这是半个 世纪以来美国通过的最严厉的堕胎法案。阿拉巴马反堕胎联盟主席埃里克·约翰斯顿表示，“心跳法案并没有真正解决罗伊案的问题”。他指的是罗伊案对堕胎的 保护，即在怀孕24周左右的时候即胎儿能够存活之前可以堕胎。他表示，“这似乎是恰当地挑战它的恰当时机。” 3. The bill, which the softly spoken Mr.Johnston wrote, does notmess around.Comparing abortion to the most murderousatrocitiesof the 20th century—“German death camps, Chinese purges, Stalin’s gulags, Cambodian killing fields, and the Rwandan genocide”—it makes performing one a felony, punishable by up to 99 years in prison.Because the bill defines a fetus as “a human being…regardless of viability” its sponsors resisted attempts, by Republican as well as Democratic senators, to allow exceptions in cases of rape or incest. 约翰斯顿先生用温和的语调写下了这份法案，这并不是胡闹。将堕胎比作20世纪最残忍的暴行——“德国的死亡集中营，中国的大屠杀，斯大林的古拉格集中营 ，柬埔寨的杀戮场，卢旺达的种族灭绝”——这使得堕胎成为重罪，最高可判处99年监禁。因为该法案将胎儿定义为“一个人……无论其生存能力如何”，其支 持者抵制了共和党和民主党参议员允许强奸或乱伦案件例外的企图。 4. The law will be struck downin the courts, just as heartbeat bills have been elsewhere, most recently in Kentucky and Iowa. Similar laws passed earlier this year Mississippi and in Georgia will meet the same fate, as will several more making their way through state legislatures if they become law. That is the purpose of extreme abortion laws—to prompt legal casesin the hope thatone might come before the new conservative majority at the Supreme Court, which will use it to overturn Roe. 这项法律将在法庭上被否决，就像其他地方的心跳法案一样，最近是发生在肯塔基州和爱荷华州。今年早些时候密西西比州和佐治亚州通过的类似法律也将面临同 样的命运，如果它们成为法律，那么类似都能通过州立法机构成为法律。这就是极端堕胎法的目的——促进法律案件的审理，希望其中一个案件能在最高法院的新 保守派多数派面前得到审理，最高法院将利用这个机会推翻罗伊案件的判决。 5. Until recently anti-abortionistswere engaged in a stealthierbattle. Rather than challenging Roe directly they chiselled away,introducing state-level regulations so burdensomethat clinics were forced to close. As social conservatives retreated in the culture war over gay marriage, they advanced over abortion. Between 2011 and 2017, more than 400 abortion restrictions were introduced across America—more than a third of the total since 1973, according to the Guttmacher Institute. Eight states have only one abortion clinic left. 直到最近，反堕胎主义者还在进行一场更加隐秘的斗争。他们并没有直接挑战罗伊案件的判决结果，而是引入了州一级的法规，这些法规过于繁琐，以至于诊所被 迫关闭。随着社会保守派在同性恋婚姻的文化战争中退却，他们在堕胎问题上取得了进展。根据古特马赫研究所的数据，2011年至2017年间，美国实施了 400多项堕胎限制，占1973年以来总数的三分之一以上。八个州只剩下一个堕胎诊所。 6. Mr. Trump’s appointment of two conservative Supreme Court justices has emboldenedsome pro-lifers to adopt a more aggressive strategy. Their hopes of directly overturning Roe were boosted on May 13th when the justices voted 5-4 along ideologicallines to overturn a 40-year-old precedent in a case unrelated to abortion. 特朗普任命了两名保守派最高法院法官，这让一些反堕胎者鼓起勇气，采取了更激进的策略。 5月13日，法官们以5票赞成、4票反对的投票结果从意识形态的角度推翻了一项已有40年历史的与堕胎无关的判例。这让反堕胎者对于直接推翻罗伊案件判 决结果的希望更加强烈。 7. The move, wrote Stephen Breyer, one of the liberal justices, “can only cause one to wonder which cases the Court will overrulenext.” Lest anyone wondered what sort of case he had in mind, he cited Planned Parenthood v Casey, a ruling from 1992 that upheld Roe. 自由派法官之一斯蒂芬•布雷耶写道，这一举措是为了保护美国公民，“只会让人怀疑接下来法院会驳回哪些案件。”为了避免有人想知道他在考虑什么样的案件 ，他引用了计划生育协会诉凯西案，这是1992年的一项裁决，支持罗伊案件的判决。 8. Some pro-life activistsare cautious about the prospects of overturning Roe.Clarke Forsythe, senior lawyer for Americans United for Life, which has drawn up successful state-level abortion regulations, says his organization watches carefully every time the court overturns aprecedent: “it happens more often than many imagine”.But he also points out that the court, and in particular Chief Justice John Roberts, seemin no hurry tooverturn Roe. He does not expect the justices to take on a direct challenge for “two or three years”. 一些反堕胎活动人士对推翻罗伊案件判决的前景持谨慎态度。美国生命联合组织高级律师克拉克•福赛斯表示，每当法院推翻一个先例时，他所在的组织都会密切 关注:“这种情况发生的频率超出许多人的想象。” 但他也指出，最高法院，尤其是首席大法官约翰•罗伯茨，似乎并不急于推翻罗伊案件的判决。他预计法官们在“两三年内”不会接受直接的挑战。 9. That is probably right. Casting himself as a pro-life warrior is useful for Mr.Trump, who needs to keep the support of conservative evangelicalsin 2020. But actually overturning Roe before the next presidential election would be an electoral disaster for Republicans, since a large majority of Americans believe abortions should be legal up to the third trimester. 这可能是对的。把自己塑造成反堕胎斗士对特朗普很有用，他需要在2020年保持保守派福音派的支持。但实际上，在下届总统选举前推翻罗伊案件判决对共和 党人来说将是一场选举灾难，因为绝大多数美国人认为妊娠晚期之前堕胎应该合法。 10. Undermining early abortion rights can be risky for state lawmakers, too. Georgia, which last week became the fourth state this year to pass a heartbeat bill, has long been deeply conservative. But it is becoming more diverse and urban, as the inroads made by Democrats in November’s midterms attest. A recent poll found that more voters in the state opposed the heartbeat bill than supported it. 对州议员来说，破坏早期堕胎权也有风险。佐治亚州上周成为今年第四个通过心跳法案的州，长期以来一直非常保守。但正如民主党在11月中期选举中取得的进 展所证明的那样，佐治亚州正变得更加多样化和城市化。最近的一项民意调查发现，该州反对心跳法案的选民多于支持该法案的选民。 精 读 解 析 篇章结构： P1：保守州陆续通过“心跳”法案，挑战罗伊案裁决。 P2—P4: 阿拉巴马州以及其他州对罗伊案判决的抨击。 P5—P7：反堕胎主义者的斗争:希望利用州一级的法律来促成反对堕胎的法案的通过。 P8—P9：反堕胎主义者中的异议者：对推翻罗伊案件判决的前景持谨慎态度。 P10: 反对堕胎对州议员也会产生风险，因为大多数美国选民支持罗伊案的判决。 重点词汇： • detectable /dɪ'tɛktəbl/adj. 可发觉的,可看穿的 【同根】 detect vt. 发现; 发觉, 查明 【例句】 Now, the USGS says there are 500,000 detectable quakes every year. 美国地质调查局称每年可探测到的地震多达50万起。 • flagrantly /'fleigrəntli/adv. 千真万确地,极恶地 【例句】 Instead he won by less than 2%, and then only after flagrantly breaking electoral rules. 然而，他公然破坏选举规则，也只获得了少于2%的选票。 • assault /ə'sɔːlt/n. 攻击；袭击v. 袭击；攻击 【例句】 He claims that your officers assaulted him. 他声称你的警官殴打了他。 • uncompromising /ʌn'kɒmprəmaɪzɪŋ/adj. 不妥协的；坚定的 【例句】 He was an uncompromising opponent of the World War Ⅰ. 他是第一次世界大战的坚决反对者。 •in effect 实际上；生效 【例句】 He is, in effect, my rival. 实际上他是我的竞争对手。 • outright /aʊt'raɪt/adv. 完全地; 彻底地adj. 完全的; 彻底的 【例句】 the outright abolition of the death penalty. 彻底废除死刑。 Allude to暗指，提到 【例句】 He didn't mention your name but I was sure he was alluding to you. 他没提你的名字, 但是我确信他是暗指你的。 • mess around 浪费时间；一片狼籍；弄混 【例句】 You don't mess around with the controller. 使用控制器就不会产生混乱。 • atrocity/ə'trɒsɪtɪ/n. 暴行；凶恶，残暴 【例句】 The atrocity caused widespread indignation. 那暴行引起了普遍的愤慨。 • felony /'felənɪ/n. [法]重罪 【例句】 a felony punishable by imprisonment 可处以监禁的重罪 • regardless of 不管, 不顾 【例句】 I'll take the job regardless of the pay. 不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。 • viability /ˌvaiə'biliti/n. 生存能力,发育能力 【例句】 Viability is based on survivability outside Tara's womb. 能否存活要看胎儿在塔拉子宫外的生存能力。 • strike down 杀死；击倒 【例句】 Spain's highest court struck down those laws. 西班牙最高法院撤销了这些法律。 • in the hope that 怀着…的希望；希望能… 【例句】 Still, divers continue to search the submerged ferry in the hopes that some passengers might have found an air pocket. 但潜水员仍旧继续搜寻水下沉船希望在气囊中找到一些乘客。 •be engaged in 参与；从事于；忙于 【例句】 But I think I can be engaged in this job. 但是我觉得我还是可以去从事这个工作的。 stealthy /'stelθɪ/adj. 秘密的；鬼鬼祟祟的 【例句】 The cat found a bird sitting on the branch and crept with stealthy movements toward it. 那猫发现枝头上有只鸟，便偷偷地爬向它。 • chisel away 凿掉；亏蚀 【例句】 This is the sound of a computer-controlled drill chiseling away at blocks of marble. 我们现在听到的是全自动电脑钻孔机，它正在对大理石进行精雕细琢。 • burdensome /'bɜːdns(ə)m/adj. 繁重的,烦累的,难以承担的 【例句】 Our current burdensome tax code is a massive lead weight against the American economy. 现行的税法令人难以负担，就像个沉重的铅块，阻碍了美国经济的发展。 • ideological /ˌaɪdɪəʊ'lɒdʒɪkəl/adj. 观念学的;意识形态的;思想体系的 【例句】 We had a profound lesson in ideological education yesterday. 昨天我们上了一堂深刻的思想教育课。 • embolden /ɪm'bəʊld(ə)n/vt. 鼓励,使有胆量 【例句】 Turkey has been emboldened by two important successes. 两个重要的胜利让土耳其咄咄逼人。 • overrule /əʊvə'ruːl/vt. 否决；统治；对…施加影响 【例句】 Conscience may be overruled by passion. 良心可能为感情所支配。 •be cautious about 谨慎对待; 当心 【例句】 You should always be cautious about making investments. 你在做投资时总是应该小心翼翼。 precedent /'presɪd(ə)nt/n. 范例, 判例 【例句】 There is no precedent for such a procedure. 这样的程序是没有前例的。 •in no hurry to 并不急于 【例句】 The boss was in no hurry to implement his unshakable principles. 老板并不急于执行他那不可动摇的原则。 • evangelical /iːvæn'dʒelɪk(ə)l/n. 信福音主义者;福音(书)adj. 新教会的 【例句】 By comparison, about eight percent of Democrats call themselves white evangelicals. 相比之下，约8%的民主党人自称为白人福音派教徒。 • inroad /'ɪnrəʊd/n. 侵袭，袭击；减少 【短语】 make inroad into sb.'s life 干预某人的生活 to make inroads on one's time 花费某人的时间 【例句】 Repairs to the house had made deep inroads into their savings. 翻修房子花了他们很多积蓄。 Their products are already making inroads in these new markets. 他们的产品成功进入了这些新的市场。 重点句子: Never has the war sparked by Roe v Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court ruling that declared abortion a constitutional right, been as intense as it is now. 这个句子的主干是：Never has the war sparked by Roe v Wade been as intense as it is now.中间的the 1973 Supreme Court ruling that declared abortion a constitutional right是插入语，解释Roe v Wade具体是指的什么。这里需要注意的是；这个句子是以否定词never开始的句子，要倒装。这样的词或词组还有：Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等。例如： Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. Comparing abortion to the most murderous atrocities of the 20th century—“German death camps, Chinese purges, Stalin’s gulags, Cambodian killing fields, and the Rwandan genocide”—it makes performing one a felony, punishable by up to 99 years in prison. 这个句子，比较长，句子的主干是：Comparing abortion to the most murderous atrocities of the 20th century it makes performing one a felony. 前面的Comparing abortion to the most murderous atrocities of the 20th century是一个动词的现在分词形式引起的状语从句，中间破折号部分的内容“German death camps, Chinese purges, Stalin’s gulags, Cambodian killing fields, and the Rwandan genocide”是对the most murderous atrocities of the 20th century的解释说明，最后的punishable by up to 99 years in prison.是一个后置定语，修饰的a felony，说明到底是怎样的一个felony。 Clarke Forsythe, senior lawyer for Americans United for Life, which has drawn up successful state-level abortion regulations, says his organization watches carefully every time the court overturns a precedent: “it happens more often than many imagine”. 先来给句子划分意群：Clarke Forsythe, // senior lawyer for Americans United for Life, // which has drawn up successful state-level abortion regulations, // says his organization watches carefully every time the court overturns a precedent: “it happens more often than many imagine”. 这个句子的主干是：Clarke Forsythe says his organization watches carefully every time the court overturns a precedent. senior lawyer for Americans United for Life部分，修饰的是Clarke Forsythe，说明Clarke Forsythe的身份，在后面的which has drawn up successful state-level abortion regulations是一个由which引导的定语从句，修饰的是Americans United for Life，解释Americans United for Life具体是一个什么机构。 - THE END - [98fcc50da46c41c78db12748916c0880.gif] 坚持就会有收获！返回搜狐，查看更多 责任编辑： 声明：该文观点仅代表作者本人，搜狐号系信息发布平台，搜狐仅提供信息存储空间服务。 红州 罗伊诉韦德 蓝州 南部沿海 纽约都市区 阅读 () 推荐阅读 * 推荐 * 克里米亚 * 恐怖袭击 * 导弹 * 阅兵 * 加贺 * 条约 * 军事历史 * 巡航南海 * 美国航母 * 轰20 * 美军 * 军售 免费获取 今日搜狐热点 6秒后 进入搜狐首页 今日推荐 进入搜狐首页 意见反馈