employment, 20% or less of family income spent on caregiving than
   81%–100% and higher care recipient health. The involvement of
   daughters-in-law, rather than spouses, and care recipient health were
   positively related to the health of caregivers aged less than 65 years.

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   responsibilities included helping a spouse/partner with activities of
   daily living (ADLs) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs);
   helping parent(s) or parent-in-law(s) with ADLs or IADLs; and single or
   co-occurrence of care roles. Covariates included economic and social
   factors. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized.; Results: When
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   and comparative analysis of Thompson's levels of participation reported
   by the older generation (spouses and siblings) and the younger
   generation (adult children and children-in-law, nieces and
   grandchildren) was undertaken using bivariate cross-tabulations and
   chi-square tests for association and trend. Analyses showed that the
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          permission to access)

Caregiving for Parents and In-Laws: Commonalities and Differences

     * Strauss, Judy R.
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   This study examined support, stress, and well-being between adults who
   provide care for an aging and disabled parent and those who care for an
   aging and disabled parent-in-law. The study utilized a sample of
   individuals caring for a parent (n = 77), individuals caring for an
   in-law (n = 26) and a comparison group of noncaregivers (n = 1,939)
   from the Midlife Development in the United States study. In-law
   caregivers provided more financial assistance but adult child
   caregivers provided more emotional support and unpaid work. Adult child
   caregivers reported poorer mental health and family strain; in-law
   caregivers reported more spouse support and less family strain.

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          Access source material through DOI

Couples' provision of informal care for parents and parents-in-law : far from
sharing equally?

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   informal care for their parents. Four waves of the British General
   Household Survey contain cross-sectional information about caring for
   parents and parents-in-law. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were
   conducted on 2214 couples that provided parent care. The findings
   emphasise married men's contribution to informal caring for the
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   this arrangement is less common with respect to personal and physical
   care. The more care is required the more likely are people to
   participate in care for their parents-in-law. More sons-in-law than
   daughters-in-law provide care but, once involved, daughters-in-law
   provide on average more hours of care than sons-in-law. Own full-time
   employment reduces both men's and women's caring for their
   parents-in-law, and men's caring drops further if their wife is not in
   the labour market. The findings suggest that daughters-in-law often
   take direct responsibility whereas sons-in-laws' care-giving depends
   more on their wives' involvement. Children-in-laws' informal
   care-giving might decrease in the future because of women's increasing
   involvement in the labour market and rising levels of non-marital
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   sekentei or social pressure [odds ratio (OR) 4.25, 95% confidence
   interval (CI) 1.39–13.04], caregiving obligation (OR 3.11, 95% CI
   1.43–6.77), spouse carer (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.05–6.35), daughter-in-law
   carer (OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.31–10.34), and depression (OR 50.58, 95% CI
   13.85–184.67). With respect to positive appraisal, negatively
   associated factors were caregiving obligation (OR 0.29, 95% CI
   0.15–0.53), male carer (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.92), and daughter-in-law
   carer (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12–0.74).