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Forme recherchée : socialmovements|industrialactions|socialmovement|industrialaction|mouvementsocial|mouvementssociaux|社會運動|社会运动
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Ligne n°9 : ...Learning Objectives- Ligne n°10 : Discover the difference between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations, as well as the four areas socialmovements operate within
- Ligne n°10 : Discover the difference between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations, as well as the four areas socialmovements operate within
- Ligne n°10 : Discover the difference between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations, as well as the four areas socialmovements operate within
- Ligne n°16 : There are both a number of different kinds of socialmovements, as well as various stages that a socialmovement can undergo in the course of its development.
- Ligne n°16 : There are both a number of different kinds of socialmovements, as well as various stages that a socialmovement can undergo in the course of its development.
Ligne n°17 : Several theories have been proposed to explain the creation of socialmovements. Each of these theories highlights a different aspect of society (e.g. deprivation, marginalization, culture, etc. ) as being key to the formation of these movements. ...
Ligne n°16 : ...There are both a number of different kinds of socialmovements, as well as various stages that a socialmovement can undergo in the course of its development.- Ligne n°17 : Several theories have been proposed to explain the creation of socialmovements. Each of these theories highlights a different aspect of society (e.g. deprivation, marginalization, culture, etc. ) as being key to the formation of these movements.
Ligne n°18 : Social movements are distinct from socialmovement organizations (SMOs). An SMO is a formally organized component of a socialmovement, and as such it may represent only one facet of an entire movement. ...
Ligne n°17 : ...Several theories have been proposed to explain the creation of socialmovements. Each of these theories highlights a different aspect of society (e.g. deprivation, marginalization, culture, etc. ) as being key to the formation of these movements.- Ligne n°18 : Social movements are distinct from socialmovement organizations (SMOs). An SMO is a formally organized component of a socialmovement, and as such it may represent only one facet of an entire movement.
- Ligne n°18 : Social movements are distinct from socialmovement organizations (SMOs). An SMO is a formally organized component of a socialmovement, and as such it may represent only one facet of an entire movement.
Ligne n°19 : According to Anthony Giddens, the four domains of modern society in which socialmovements are active include the political sphere, the workplace, the environment, and the issue of peace. ...
Ligne n°18 : ...Social movements are distinct from socialmovement organizations (SMOs). An SMO is a formally organized component of a socialmovement, and as such it may represent only one facet of an entire movement.- Ligne n°19 : According to Anthony Giddens, the four domains of modern society in which socialmovements are active include the political sphere, the workplace, the environment, and the issue of peace.
Ligne n°20 : Social movements often give rise to counter movements aimed at stopping whatever change the initial socialmovement is advocating. ...
Ligne n°19 : ...According to Anthony Giddens, the four domains of modern society in which socialmovements are active include the political sphere, the workplace, the environment, and the issue of peace.- Ligne n°20 : Social movements often give rise to counter movements aimed at stopping whatever change the initial socialmovement is advocating.
- Ligne n°24 : socialmovements: Social movements are a type of group action. They are large informal groupings of individuals or organizations that focus on specific political or social issues. In other words, they carry out, resist or undo a social change.
Ligne n°25 : social change: an alteration in the structures, institutions and/or practices of a society ...
Ligne n°26 : ...counter movements: Counter-hegemony refers to attempts to critique or dismantle hegemonic power. In other words, it is a confrontation and/or opposition to the existing status quo and the legitimacy of that status quo in politics. This can also be observed in various other spheres of life, such as history, media, music, etc.- Ligne n°27 : socialmovement organizations: A socialmovement organization is an organized component of a socialmovement. Social movement organizations usually have coordinating roles in socialmovements, but do not actually employ or direct most of the participants, who are part of a wider socialmovement community.
- Ligne n°27 : socialmovement organizations: A socialmovement organization is an organized component of a socialmovement. Social movement organizations usually have coordinating roles in socialmovements, but do not actually employ or direct most of the participants, who are part of a wider socialmovement community.
- Ligne n°27 : socialmovement organizations: A socialmovement organization is an organized component of a socialmovement. Social movement organizations usually have coordinating roles in socialmovements, but do not actually employ or direct most of the participants, who are part of a wider socialmovement community.
- Ligne n°27 : socialmovement organizations: A socialmovement organization is an organized component of a socialmovement. Social movement organizations usually have coordinating roles in socialmovements, but do not actually employ or direct most of the participants, who are part of a wider socialmovement community.
- Ligne n°27 : socialmovement organizations: A socialmovement organization is an organized component of a socialmovement. Social movement organizations usually have coordinating roles in socialmovements, but do not actually employ or direct most of the participants, who are part of a wider socialmovement community.
- Ligne n°30 : Social movements are broad alliances of people who are connected through their shared interest in social change. Social movements can advocate for a particular social change, but they can also organize to oppose a social change that is being advocated by another entity. These movements do not have to be formally organized to be considered socialmovements. Different alliances can work separately for common causes and still be considered a socialmovement.
- Ligne n°30 : Social movements are broad alliances of people who are connected through their shared interest in social change. Social movements can advocate for a particular social change, but they can also organize to oppose a social change that is being advocated by another entity. These movements do not have to be formally organized to be considered socialmovements. Different alliances can work separately for common causes and still be considered a socialmovement.
Ligne n°31 : Sociologists draw distinctions between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations (SMOs). A socialmovement organization is a formally organized component of a socialmovement. Therefore, it may represent only one part of a particular socialmovement. For instance, PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) advocates for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. However, PETA is not the only group that advocates for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, promoting veganism would be considered the socialmovement, while PETA would be considered a particular SMO (socialmovement organization) working within the broader socialmovement. ...
Ligne n°30 : ...Social movements are broad alliances of people who are connected through their shared interest in social change. Social movements can advocate for a particular social change, but they can also organize to oppose a social change that is being advocated by another entity. These movements do not have to be formally organized to be considered socialmovements. Different alliances can work separately for common causes and still be considered a socialmovement.- Ligne n°31 : Sociologists draw distinctions between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations (SMOs). A socialmovement organization is a formally organized component of a socialmovement. Therefore, it may represent only one part of a particular socialmovement. For instance, PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) advocates for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. However, PETA is not the only group that advocates for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, promoting veganism would be considered the socialmovement, while PETA would be considered a particular SMO (socialmovement organization) working within the broader socialmovement.
- Ligne n°31 : Sociologists draw distinctions between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations (SMOs). A socialmovement organization is a formally organized component of a socialmovement. Therefore, it may represent only one part of a particular socialmovement. For instance, PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) advocates for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. However, PETA is not the only group that advocates for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, promoting veganism would be considered the socialmovement, while PETA would be considered a particular SMO (socialmovement organization) working within the broader socialmovement.
- Ligne n°31 : Sociologists draw distinctions between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations (SMOs). A socialmovement organization is a formally organized component of a socialmovement. Therefore, it may represent only one part of a particular socialmovement. For instance, PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) advocates for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. However, PETA is not the only group that advocates for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, promoting veganism would be considered the socialmovement, while PETA would be considered a particular SMO (socialmovement organization) working within the broader socialmovement.
- Ligne n°31 : Sociologists draw distinctions between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations (SMOs). A socialmovement organization is a formally organized component of a socialmovement. Therefore, it may represent only one part of a particular socialmovement. For instance, PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) advocates for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. However, PETA is not the only group that advocates for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, promoting veganism would be considered the socialmovement, while PETA would be considered a particular SMO (socialmovement organization) working within the broader socialmovement.
- Ligne n°31 : Sociologists draw distinctions between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations (SMOs). A socialmovement organization is a formally organized component of a socialmovement. Therefore, it may represent only one part of a particular socialmovement. For instance, PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) advocates for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. However, PETA is not the only group that advocates for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, promoting veganism would be considered the socialmovement, while PETA would be considered a particular SMO (socialmovement organization) working within the broader socialmovement.
- Ligne n°31 : Sociologists draw distinctions between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations (SMOs). A socialmovement organization is a formally organized component of a socialmovement. Therefore, it may represent only one part of a particular socialmovement. For instance, PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) advocates for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. However, PETA is not the only group that advocates for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, promoting veganism would be considered the socialmovement, while PETA would be considered a particular SMO (socialmovement organization) working within the broader socialmovement.
- Ligne n°31 : Sociologists draw distinctions between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations (SMOs). A socialmovement organization is a formally organized component of a socialmovement. Therefore, it may represent only one part of a particular socialmovement. For instance, PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) advocates for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. However, PETA is not the only group that advocates for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, promoting veganism would be considered the socialmovement, while PETA would be considered a particular SMO (socialmovement organization) working within the broader socialmovement.
- Ligne n°31 : Sociologists draw distinctions between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations (SMOs). A socialmovement organization is a formally organized component of a socialmovement. Therefore, it may represent only one part of a particular socialmovement. For instance, PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) advocates for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. However, PETA is not the only group that advocates for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, promoting veganism would be considered the socialmovement, while PETA would be considered a particular SMO (socialmovement organization) working within the broader socialmovement.
Ligne n°32 : Modern socialmovements became possible through the wide dissemination of literature and the increased mobility of labor, both of which have been caused by the industrialization of societies. Anthony Giddens, a renowned sociologist, has identified four areas in which socialmovements operate in modern societies: ...
Ligne n°31 : ...Sociologists draw distinctions between socialmovements and socialmovement organizations (SMOs). A socialmovement organization is a formally organized component of a socialmovement. Therefore, it may represent only one part of a particular socialmovement. For instance, PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) advocates for vegan lifestyles along with its other aims. However, PETA is not the only group that advocates for vegan diets and lifestyles; there are numerous other groups actively engaged toward this end. Thus, promoting veganism would be considered the socialmovement, while PETA would be considered a particular SMO (socialmovement organization) working within the broader socialmovement.- Ligne n°32 : Modern socialmovements became possible through the wide dissemination of literature and the increased mobility of labor, both of which have been caused by the industrialization of societies. Anthony Giddens, a renowned sociologist, has identified four areas in which socialmovements operate in modern societies:
- Ligne n°32 : Modern socialmovements became possible through the wide dissemination of literature and the increased mobility of labor, both of which have been caused by the industrialization of societies. Anthony Giddens, a renowned sociologist, has identified four areas in which socialmovements operate in modern societies:
- Ligne n°39 : It is interesting to note that socialmovements can spawn counter movements. For instance, the women’s movement of the 1960s and 1970s resulted in a number of counter movements that attempted to block the goals of the women’s movement. In large part, these oppositional groups formed because the women’s movement advocated for reform in conservative religions.
Ligne n°45 : ...Learning Objectives- Ligne n°46 : Discuss the criteria that form the basis of classification of socialmovements
- Ligne n°52 : Cultural Anthropologist David F. Aberle identified four kinds of socialmovements (alternative, redemptive, reformative, and revolutionary) based on two questions: 1) Who is the movement attempting to change? and 2) How much change is being advocated?.
Ligne n°53 : Alternative socialmovements are at the individual level and advocate for minor change; redemptive socialmovements are at the individual level and advocate for radical changes. ...
Ligne n°52 : ...Cultural Anthropologist David F. Aberle identified four kinds of socialmovements (alternative, redemptive, reformative, and revolutionary) based on two questions: 1) Who is the movement attempting to change? and 2) How much change is being advocated?.- Ligne n°53 : Alternative socialmovements are at the individual level and advocate for minor change; redemptive socialmovements are at the individual level and advocate for radical changes.
- Ligne n°53 : Alternative socialmovements are at the individual level and advocate for minor change; redemptive socialmovements are at the individual level and advocate for radical changes.
Ligne n°54 : Reformative socialmovements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for minor changes; revolutionary socialmovements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for radical changes. ...
Ligne n°53 : ...Alternative socialmovements are at the individual level and advocate for minor change; redemptive socialmovements are at the individual level and advocate for radical changes.- Ligne n°54 : Reformative socialmovements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for minor changes; revolutionary socialmovements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for radical changes.
- Ligne n°54 : Reformative socialmovements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for minor changes; revolutionary socialmovements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for radical changes.
Ligne n°55 : Other ways to categorize socialmovements include the scope (reform or radical), type of change (innovative or conservative ), targets (group-focused or individual-focused), methods (violent or non-violent), and range (local or global). ...
Ligne n°54 : ...Reformative socialmovements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for minor changes; revolutionary socialmovements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for radical changes.- Ligne n°55 : Other ways to categorize socialmovements include the scope (reform or radical), type of change (innovative or conservative ), targets (group-focused or individual-focused), methods (violent or non-violent), and range (local or global).
Ligne n°56 : Revolutionary socialmovements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for radical changes. ...
Ligne n°55 : ...Other ways to categorize socialmovements include the scope (reform or radical), type of change (innovative or conservative ), targets (group-focused or individual-focused), methods (violent or non-violent), and range (local or global).- Ligne n°56 : Revolutionary socialmovements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for radical changes.
Ligne n°57 : Other ways to categorize socialmovements include classifying by scope, type of change, targets, methods, and range. ...
Ligne n°56 : ...Revolutionary socialmovements occur at a broader group or societal level and advocate for radical changes.- Ligne n°57 : Other ways to categorize socialmovements include classifying by scope, type of change, targets, methods, and range.
- Ligne n°61 : revolutionary socialmovements: Revolutionary movement is a specific type of socialmovement dedicated to carrying out revolutionary reforms and gain some control of the state. If they do not aim for an exclusive control, they are not revolutionary.
- Ligne n°61 : revolutionary socialmovements: Revolutionary movement is a specific type of socialmovement dedicated to carrying out revolutionary reforms and gain some control of the state. If they do not aim for an exclusive control, they are not revolutionary.
Ligne n°62 : reformative socialmovements: A reformative socialmovement advocates for minor changes instead of radical changes. For example revolutionary movements can scale down their demands and agree to share powers with others, becoming a political party. ...
Ligne n°61 : ...revolutionary socialmovements: Revolutionary movement is a specific type of socialmovement dedicated to carrying out revolutionary reforms and gain some control of the state. If they do not aim for an exclusive control, they are not revolutionary.- Ligne n°62 : reformative socialmovements: A reformative socialmovement advocates for minor changes instead of radical changes. For example revolutionary movements can scale down their demands and agree to share powers with others, becoming a political party.
- Ligne n°62 : reformative socialmovements: A reformative socialmovement advocates for minor changes instead of radical changes. For example revolutionary movements can scale down their demands and agree to share powers with others, becoming a political party.
Ligne n°63 : redemptive socialmovements: A redemptive socialmovement is radical in scope but focused on the individual. ...
Ligne n°62 : ...reformative socialmovements: A reformative socialmovement advocates for minor changes instead of radical changes. For example revolutionary movements can scale down their demands and agree to share powers with others, becoming a political party.- Ligne n°63 : redemptive socialmovements: A redemptive socialmovement is radical in scope but focused on the individual.
- Ligne n°63 : redemptive socialmovements: A redemptive socialmovement is radical in scope but focused on the individual.
Ligne n°66 : ...Social movements are a specific type of group action in which large informal groups of individuals or organizations work for or against change in specific political or social issues.- Ligne n°67 : Cultural Anthropologist David F. Aberle described four types of socialmovements based upon two fundamental questions: (1) who is the movement attempting to change? (2) how much change is being advocated? Social movements can be aimed at change on an individual level, e.g. Alcoholics Anonymous, which is a support group for recovering alcoholics or change on a broader group or even societal level, e.g. anti-globalization). Social movements can also advocate for minor changes such as tougher restrictions on drunk driving (see MADD) or radical changes like prohibition. The diagram below illustrates how a socialmovement may either be alternative, redemptive, reformative or revolutionary based on who the movement strives to change and how much change the movement desires to bring about.
- Ligne n°67 : Cultural Anthropologist David F. Aberle described four types of socialmovements based upon two fundamental questions: (1) who is the movement attempting to change? (2) how much change is being advocated? Social movements can be aimed at change on an individual level, e.g. Alcoholics Anonymous, which is a support group for recovering alcoholics or change on a broader group or even societal level, e.g. anti-globalization). Social movements can also advocate for minor changes such as tougher restrictions on drunk driving (see MADD) or radical changes like prohibition. The diagram below illustrates how a socialmovement may either be alternative, redemptive, reformative or revolutionary based on who the movement strives to change and how much change the movement desires to bring about.
- Ligne n°70 : Aberle’s Four Types of Social Movements: Based on who a movement is trying to change and how much change a movement is advocating, Aberle identified four types of socialmovements: redemptive, reformative, revolutionary and alternative.
- Ligne n°73 : Other categories have been used to distinguish between types of socialmovements.
Ligne n°123 : ...Learning Objectives- Ligne n°124 : Discuss the process and purpose of socialmovements, defined by Blumer, Mauss and Tilly
Ligne n°131 : ...Social movements have a life cycle: they are created, they grow, they achieve successes or failures and eventually, they dissolve and cease to exist.- Ligne n°132 : Blumer, Mauss, and Tilly described how socialmovements follow a process by which they emerge, coalesce, and bureaucratize, leading to their success or failure.
Ligne n°133 : After bureaucratization occurs, a movement can either succeed, fail, have its leaders become co-opted, have its members be repressed by a larger group (e.g. government), or become accepted into the mainstream. ...
Ligne n°133 : ...After bureaucratization occurs, a movement can either succeed, fail, have its leaders become co-opted, have its members be repressed by a larger group (e.g. government), or become accepted into the mainstream.- Ligne n°134 : While a socialmovement can take a number of different paths, whether or not a movement will ultimately decline varies from movement to movement. Moreover, movement success can often be difficult to define as the goals of a movement may change.
Ligne n°138 : ...cooptation: A co-opting, or a commandeering, appropriation.- Ligne n°139 : Sidney Tarrow: (1938-present) a professor of political science and sociology, known for his research in the areas of comparative politics, socialmovements, political parties, collective actions and political sociology.
Ligne n°140 : Charles Tilly: (1929 – 2008) An American sociologist, political scientist and historian who wrote about the relationship between politics and society. ...- Ligne n°143 : Charles Tilly defines socialmovements as a series of contentious performances, displays and campaigns by which ordinary people make collective claims on others. For Tilly, socialmovements are a major vehicle for ordinary people’s participation in public politics. Sidney Tarrow defines a socialmovement as collective challenges [to elites , authorities , other groups or cultural codes] by people with common purposes and solidarity in sustained interactions with elites, opponents and authorities. He specifically distinguishes socialmovements from political parties and advocacy groups. The term “socialmovements” was introduced in 1848 by the German Sociologist Lorenz von Stein in his book Socialist and Communist Movements since the Third French Revolution (1848).
- Ligne n°143 : Charles Tilly defines socialmovements as a series of contentious performances, displays and campaigns by which ordinary people make collective claims on others. For Tilly, socialmovements are a major vehicle for ordinary people’s participation in public politics. Sidney Tarrow defines a socialmovement as collective challenges [to elites , authorities , other groups or cultural codes] by people with common purposes and solidarity in sustained interactions with elites, opponents and authorities. He specifically distinguishes socialmovements from political parties and advocacy groups. The term “socialmovements” was introduced in 1848 by the German Sociologist Lorenz von Stein in his book Socialist and Communist Movements since the Third French Revolution (1848).
- Ligne n°143 : Charles Tilly defines socialmovements as a series of contentious performances, displays and campaigns by which ordinary people make collective claims on others. For Tilly, socialmovements are a major vehicle for ordinary people’s participation in public politics. Sidney Tarrow defines a socialmovement as collective challenges [to elites , authorities , other groups or cultural codes] by people with common purposes and solidarity in sustained interactions with elites, opponents and authorities. He specifically distinguishes socialmovements from political parties and advocacy groups. The term “socialmovements” was introduced in 1848 by the German Sociologist Lorenz von Stein in his book Socialist and Communist Movements since the Third French Revolution (1848).
- Ligne n°143 : Charles Tilly defines socialmovements as a series of contentious performances, displays and campaigns by which ordinary people make collective claims on others. For Tilly, socialmovements are a major vehicle for ordinary people’s participation in public politics. Sidney Tarrow defines a socialmovement as collective challenges [to elites , authorities , other groups or cultural codes] by people with common purposes and solidarity in sustained interactions with elites, opponents and authorities. He specifically distinguishes socialmovements from political parties and advocacy groups. The term “socialmovements” was introduced in 1848 by the German Sociologist Lorenz von Stein in his book Socialist and Communist Movements since the Third French Revolution (1848).
- Ligne n°143 : Charles Tilly defines socialmovements as a series of contentious performances, displays and campaigns by which ordinary people make collective claims on others. For Tilly, socialmovements are a major vehicle for ordinary people’s participation in public politics. Sidney Tarrow defines a socialmovement as collective challenges [to elites , authorities , other groups or cultural codes] by people with common purposes and solidarity in sustained interactions with elites, opponents and authorities. He specifically distinguishes socialmovements from political parties and advocacy groups. The term “socialmovements” was introduced in 1848 by the German Sociologist Lorenz von Stein in his book Socialist and Communist Movements since the Third French Revolution (1848).
Ligne n°144 : Social movements are not eternal. They have a life cycle: they are created, they grow, they achieve successes or failures and, eventually, they dissolve and cease to exist. ...
Ligne n°144 : ...Social movements are not eternal. They have a life cycle: they are created, they grow, they achieve successes or failures and, eventually, they dissolve and cease to exist.- Ligne n°145 : Blumer, Mauss, and Tilly have described the different stages that socialmovements often pass through (see ). Firstly, movements emerge for a variety of reasons (and there are a number of different sociological theories that address these reasons). They then coalesce and develop a sense of coherence in terms of membership, goals and ideals. In the next stage, movements generally become bureaucratized by establishing their own set of rules and procedures. At this point, socialmovements can then take any number of paths, ranging from success to failure, the cooptation of leaders, repression by larger groups (e.g., government), or even the establishment of a movement within the mainstream.
- Ligne n°145 : Blumer, Mauss, and Tilly have described the different stages that socialmovements often pass through (see ). Firstly, movements emerge for a variety of reasons (and there are a number of different sociological theories that address these reasons). They then coalesce and develop a sense of coherence in terms of membership, goals and ideals. In the next stage, movements generally become bureaucratized by establishing their own set of rules and procedures. At this point, socialmovements can then take any number of paths, ranging from success to failure, the cooptation of leaders, repression by larger groups (e.g., government), or even the establishment of a movement within the mainstream.
- Ligne n°148 : Stages of Social Movements: This graph depicts the various stages a socialmovement can undergo in the course of its development.
- Ligne n°151 : Frame analysis, and specifically frame transformation, helps explain why socialmovements occur in a certain way. The concept dates back to Erving Goffman, and it discuss how new values, new meanings and understandings are required in order to understand and support socialmovements or changes. In other words, people must transform the way they understand a particular socialmovement to make it fit with conventional lifestyles and rituals.
- Ligne n°151 : Frame analysis, and specifically frame transformation, helps explain why socialmovements occur in a certain way. The concept dates back to Erving Goffman, and it discuss how new values, new meanings and understandings are required in order to understand and support socialmovements or changes. In other words, people must transform the way they understand a particular socialmovement to make it fit with conventional lifestyles and rituals.
- Ligne n°151 : Frame analysis, and specifically frame transformation, helps explain why socialmovements occur in a certain way. The concept dates back to Erving Goffman, and it discuss how new values, new meanings and understandings are required in order to understand and support socialmovements or changes. In other words, people must transform the way they understand a particular socialmovement to make it fit with conventional lifestyles and rituals.
Ligne n°152 : Whether or not these paths will result in movement decline varies from movement to movement. In fact, one of the difficulties in studying socialmovements is that movement success is often ill-defined because the goals of a movement can change. For instance, MoveOn.org, a website founded in the late 1990s, was originally developed to encourage national politicians to move past the Clinton impeachment proceedings. Since that time, the group has developed into a major player in national politics in the U.S. and transformed into a Political Action Committee (PAC). In this instance, the movement may or may not have attained its original goal—encouraging the censure of Clinton and moving on to more pressing issues—but the goals of the movement have changed. This makes the actual stages the movement has passed through difficult to discern. ...
Ligne n°151 : ...Frame analysis, and specifically frame transformation, helps explain why socialmovements occur in a certain way. The concept dates back to Erving Goffman, and it discuss how new values, new meanings and understandings are required in order to understand and support socialmovements or changes. In other words, people must transform the way they understand a particular socialmovement to make it fit with conventional lifestyles and rituals.- Ligne n°152 : Whether or not these paths will result in movement decline varies from movement to movement. In fact, one of the difficulties in studying socialmovements is that movement success is often ill-defined because the goals of a movement can change. For instance, MoveOn.org, a website founded in the late 1990s, was originally developed to encourage national politicians to move past the Clinton impeachment proceedings. Since that time, the group has developed into a major player in national politics in the U.S. and transformed into a Political Action Committee (PAC). In this instance, the movement may or may not have attained its original goal—encouraging the censure of Clinton and moving on to more pressing issues—but the goals of the movement have changed. This makes the actual stages the movement has passed through difficult to discern.
Ligne n°155 : ...Relative Deprivation Approach- Ligne n°156 : Social scientists have cited ‘relative deprivation’ as a potential cause of socialmovements and deviance.
Ligne n°158 : ...Learning Objectives- Ligne n°159 : Discuss the concepts of relative and absolute deprivation as they relate to socialmovements
Ligne n°165 : ...Relative deprivation is the experience of being deprived of something to which one believes to be entitled. It refers to the discontent people feel when they compare their positions to others and realize that they have less of what they believe themselves to be entitled than those around them.- Ligne n°166 : Some scholars of socialmovements explain their rise by citing grievances of people who feel deprived of what they perceive as values to which they are entitled. Similarly, individuals engage in deviant behaviors when their means do not match their goals.
Ligne n°167 : Feelings of deprivation are relative, as they come from a comparison to social norms that are not absolute and usually differ from time and place. ...
Ligne n°167 : ...Feelings of deprivation are relative, as they come from a comparison to social norms that are not absolute and usually differ from time and place.- Ligne n°168 : Critics of this theory have pointed out that this theory fails to explain why some people who feel discontent fail to take action and join socialmovements.
- Ligne n°176 : Relative deprivation is the experience of being deprived of something to which one feels to be entitled. It refers to the discontent that people feel when they compare their positions to those around them and realize that they have less of that which they believe themselves to be entitled. Social scientists, particularly political scientists and sociologists, have cited ‘relative deprivation’ (especially temporal relative deprivation) as a potential cause of socialmovements and deviance. In extreme situations, it can lead to political violence such as rioting, terrorism, civil wars and other instances of social deviance such as crime.
Ligne n°177 : Some scholars explain the rise of socialmovements by citing the grievances of people who feel that they have been deprived of values to which they are entitled. Similarly, individuals engage in deviant behaviors when their means do not match their goals. ...
Ligne n°176 : ...Relative deprivation is the experience of being deprived of something to which one feels to be entitled. It refers to the discontent that people feel when they compare their positions to those around them and realize that they have less of that which they believe themselves to be entitled. Social scientists, particularly political scientists and sociologists, have cited ‘relative deprivation’ (especially temporal relative deprivation) as a potential cause of socialmovements and deviance. In extreme situations, it can lead to political violence such as rioting, terrorism, civil wars and other instances of social deviance such as crime.- Ligne n°177 : Some scholars explain the rise of socialmovements by citing the grievances of people who feel that they have been deprived of values to which they are entitled. Similarly, individuals engage in deviant behaviors when their means do not match their goals.
Ligne n°186 : ...Some sociologists—for instance, Karl Polanyi—have argued that relative differences in economic wealth are more important than absolute deprivation, and that this is a more significant determinate of human quality of life. This debate has important consequences for social policy, particularly on whether poverty can be eliminated simply by raising total wealth or whether egalitarian measures are also needed. A specific form of relative deprivation is relative poverty. A measure of relative poverty defines poverty as being below some relative poverty line, such as households who earn less than 20% of the median income. Notice that if everyone’s real income in an economy increases, but the income distribution stays the same, the number of people living in relative poverty will not change.- Ligne n°187 : Critics of this theory have pointed out that this theory fails to explain why some people who feel discontent fail to take action and join socialmovements. Counter-arguments include that some people are prone to conflict-avoidance, are short-term-oriented, or that imminent life difficulties may arise since there is no guarantee that life-improvement will result from social action.
Ligne n°188 : Resource Mobilization Approach ...
Ligne n°188 : ...Resource Mobilization Approach- Ligne n°189 : The resource-mobilization approach is a theory that seeks to explain the emergence of socialmovements.
Ligne n°191 : ...Learning Objectives- Ligne n°192 : Use the resource-mobilization theory to explain some of the successful socialmovements in history, such as the Civil Rights Movement
- Ligne n°198 : The resource -mobilization theory asserts that socialmovements form when people who share grievances are able to mobilize resources and take action.
Ligne n°199 : This theory places resources at the center of both the emergence and success of socialmovements. ...
Ligne n°198 : ...The resource -mobilization theory asserts that socialmovements form when people who share grievances are able to mobilize resources and take action.- Ligne n°199 : This theory places resources at the center of both the emergence and success of socialmovements.
Ligne n°200 : In this case, resources include knowledge, money, media, labor, solidarity, legitimacy, and internal and external support from a powerful elite. ...
Ligne n°200 : ...In this case, resources include knowledge, money, media, labor, solidarity, legitimacy, and internal and external support from a powerful elite.- Ligne n°201 : The centrality of resources to the success of socialmovements explains why some discontented people are able to form movements while others are not.
Ligne n°202 : This theory has a number of underlying assumptions regarding movement membership, movement organization and broader societal factors that influence movement formation and development. ...- Ligne n°207 : opportunity structures: Exogenous factors which limit or empower collective actors (socialmovements).
Ligne n°208 : grievance: A complaint or annoyance; also a formal complaint. ...- Ligne n°212 : Resource-Mobilization Theory emphasizes the importance of resources in socialmovement development and success. Resources are understood here to include: knowledge, money, media, labor, solidarity, legitimacy, and internal and external support from a power elite. The theory argues that socialmovements develop when individuals with grievances are able to mobilize sufficient resources to take action. The emphasis on resources explains why some discontented/deprived individuals are able to organize while others are not. Resource mobilization theory also divides socialmovements according to their position among other socialmovements. This helps sociologists understand them in relation to other socialmovements; for example, how much influence does one theory or movement have on another?
- Ligne n°212 : Resource-Mobilization Theory emphasizes the importance of resources in socialmovement development and success. Resources are understood here to include: knowledge, money, media, labor, solidarity, legitimacy, and internal and external support from a power elite. The theory argues that socialmovements develop when individuals with grievances are able to mobilize sufficient resources to take action. The emphasis on resources explains why some discontented/deprived individuals are able to organize while others are not. Resource mobilization theory also divides socialmovements according to their position among other socialmovements. This helps sociologists understand them in relation to other socialmovements; for example, how much influence does one theory or movement have on another?
- Ligne n°212 : Resource-Mobilization Theory emphasizes the importance of resources in socialmovement development and success. Resources are understood here to include: knowledge, money, media, labor, solidarity, legitimacy, and internal and external support from a power elite. The theory argues that socialmovements develop when individuals with grievances are able to mobilize sufficient resources to take action. The emphasis on resources explains why some discontented/deprived individuals are able to organize while others are not. Resource mobilization theory also divides socialmovements according to their position among other socialmovements. This helps sociologists understand them in relation to other socialmovements; for example, how much influence does one theory or movement have on another?
- Ligne n°212 : Resource-Mobilization Theory emphasizes the importance of resources in socialmovement development and success. Resources are understood here to include: knowledge, money, media, labor, solidarity, legitimacy, and internal and external support from a power elite. The theory argues that socialmovements develop when individuals with grievances are able to mobilize sufficient resources to take action. The emphasis on resources explains why some discontented/deprived individuals are able to organize while others are not. Resource mobilization theory also divides socialmovements according to their position among other socialmovements. This helps sociologists understand them in relation to other socialmovements; for example, how much influence does one theory or movement have on another?
- Ligne n°212 : Resource-Mobilization Theory emphasizes the importance of resources in socialmovement development and success. Resources are understood here to include: knowledge, money, media, labor, solidarity, legitimacy, and internal and external support from a power elite. The theory argues that socialmovements develop when individuals with grievances are able to mobilize sufficient resources to take action. The emphasis on resources explains why some discontented/deprived individuals are able to organize while others are not. Resource mobilization theory also divides socialmovements according to their position among other socialmovements. This helps sociologists understand them in relation to other socialmovements; for example, how much influence does one theory or movement have on another?
Ligne n°213 : Some of the assumptions of the theory include: ...
Ligne n°218 : ...movement organization is contingent upon the aggregation of resources- Ligne n°219 : socialmovement organizations require resources and continuity of leadership
Ligne n°220 : socialmovement entrepreneurs and protest organizations are the catalysts which transform collective discontent into socialmovements; socialmovement organizations form the backbone of socialmovements ...
Ligne n°219 : ...socialmovement organizations require resources and continuity of leadership- Ligne n°220 : socialmovement entrepreneurs and protest organizations are the catalysts which transform collective discontent into socialmovements; socialmovement organizations form the backbone of socialmovements
- Ligne n°220 : socialmovement entrepreneurs and protest organizations are the catalysts which transform collective discontent into socialmovements; socialmovement organizations form the backbone of socialmovements
- Ligne n°220 : socialmovement entrepreneurs and protest organizations are the catalysts which transform collective discontent into socialmovements; socialmovement organizations form the backbone of socialmovements
- Ligne n°220 : socialmovement entrepreneurs and protest organizations are the catalysts which transform collective discontent into socialmovements; socialmovement organizations form the backbone of socialmovements
Ligne n°221 : the form of the resources shapes the activities of the movement (e.g., access to a TV station will result in the extensive use TV media) ...- Ligne n°227 : Aberle’s Four Types of Social Movements: Resource-Mobilization Theory emphasizes the importance of resources in socialmovement development and success.
Ligne n°269 : ...New Social Movements- Ligne n°270 : New socialmovements focus on issues related to human rights, rather than on materialistic concerns, such as economic development.
Ligne n°272 : ...Learning Objectives- Ligne n°273 : Evaluate the significance of new socialmovements (NSMs), which are more concerned with social and cultural issues, and the implications NSMs have on modern-day society
- Ligne n°279 : New socialmovements (NSMs) are described by a theory regarding socialmovements which posits that the advent of the post-industrial economy resulted in a new wave of socialmovements distinct from those socialmovements arising during the industrial economy.
- Ligne n°279 : New socialmovements (NSMs) are described by a theory regarding socialmovements which posits that the advent of the post-industrial economy resulted in a new wave of socialmovements distinct from those socialmovements arising during the industrial economy.
- Ligne n°279 : New socialmovements (NSMs) are described by a theory regarding socialmovements which posits that the advent of the post-industrial economy resulted in a new wave of socialmovements distinct from those socialmovements arising during the industrial economy.
- Ligne n°279 : New socialmovements (NSMs) are described by a theory regarding socialmovements which posits that the advent of the post-industrial economy resulted in a new wave of socialmovements distinct from those socialmovements arising during the industrial economy.
Ligne n°280 : In these new socialmovements, more importance is attached to social and cultural concerns, rather than economic or political considerations. ...
Ligne n°279 : ...New socialmovements (NSMs) are described by a theory regarding socialmovements which posits that the advent of the post-industrial economy resulted in a new wave of socialmovements distinct from those socialmovements arising during the industrial economy.- Ligne n°280 : In these new socialmovements, more importance is attached to social and cultural concerns, rather than economic or political considerations.
Ligne n°281 : Actors in NSMs are from a new middle class, instead of from the lower classes, as was typical of socialmovements of the industrial economy. ...
Ligne n°280 : ...In these new socialmovements, more importance is attached to social and cultural concerns, rather than economic or political considerations.- Ligne n°281 : Actors in NSMs are from a new middle class, instead of from the lower classes, as was typical of socialmovements of the industrial economy.
Ligne n°282 : NSMs consist of informal, loosely organized social networks of supporters rather than members and tend to be locally-based. ...
Ligne n°284 : ...NSMs are normally centered on a single issue, or a limited range of issues which are related to a broader theme, such as the environment.- Ligne n°285 : Critiques of NSM theory include the fact that non- materialistic movements existed in the industrial-era and materialistic movements persist in the post-industrial economy; while there are few traits that are specific to new socialmovements, differences between old and new movements have already been explained by theories preceding NSM; and the NSM does not take into account right-wing movements.
Ligne n°294 : ...New Social Movements- Ligne n°295 : The term new socialmovements (NSMs) is a theory of socialmovements that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s (i.e. in a post-industrial economy), which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional socialmovement paradigm.
- Ligne n°295 : The term new socialmovements (NSMs) is a theory of socialmovements that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s (i.e. in a post-industrial economy), which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional socialmovement paradigm.
- Ligne n°295 : The term new socialmovements (NSMs) is a theory of socialmovements that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s (i.e. in a post-industrial economy), which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional socialmovement paradigm.
- Ligne n°298 : Aberle’s Four Types of Social Movements: The term new socialmovements (NSMs) is a theory of socialmovements that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s (i.e. in a post-industrial economy), which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional socialmovement paradigm.
- Ligne n°298 : Aberle’s Four Types of Social Movements: The term new socialmovements (NSMs) is a theory of socialmovements that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s (i.e. in a post-industrial economy), which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional socialmovement paradigm.
- Ligne n°298 : Aberle’s Four Types of Social Movements: The term new socialmovements (NSMs) is a theory of socialmovements that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s (i.e. in a post-industrial economy), which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional socialmovement paradigm.
- Ligne n°301 : There are two central claims of the NSM theory. Firstly, the rise of the post-industrial economy is responsible for a new wave of socialmovement. Secondly, these movements are significantly different from previous socialmovements of the industrial economy. The primary difference is in their goals, as the new movements focus not on issues of materialistic qualities such as economic well-being, but on issues related to human rights (such as gay rights or pacifism).
- Ligne n°301 : There are two central claims of the NSM theory. Firstly, the rise of the post-industrial economy is responsible for a new wave of socialmovement. Secondly, these movements are significantly different from previous socialmovements of the industrial economy. The primary difference is in their goals, as the new movements focus not on issues of materialistic qualities such as economic well-being, but on issues related to human rights (such as gay rights or pacifism).
Ligne n°302 : Characteristics ...
Ligne n°302 : ...Characteristics- Ligne n°303 : The most noticeable feature of new socialmovements is that they are primarily social and cultural and only secondarily, if at all, political. Departing from the worker’s movement, which was central to the political aim of gaining access to citizenship and representation for the working class, new socialmovements concentrate on bringing about social mobilization through cultural innovations, the development of new lifestyles, and the transformation of identities. It is clearly elaborated by Habermas that new socialmovements are the “new politics ” which is about quality of life, individual self-realization, and human rights; whereas the “old politics” focused on economic, political, and military security. The concept of new politics can be exemplified in gay liberation, the focus of which transcends the political issue of gay rights to address the need for a social and cultural acceptance of homosexuality. Hence, new socialmovements are understood as “new,” because they are first and foremost social, unlike older movements which mostly have an economic basis.
- Ligne n°303 : The most noticeable feature of new socialmovements is that they are primarily social and cultural and only secondarily, if at all, political. Departing from the worker’s movement, which was central to the political aim of gaining access to citizenship and representation for the working class, new socialmovements concentrate on bringing about social mobilization through cultural innovations, the development of new lifestyles, and the transformation of identities. It is clearly elaborated by Habermas that new socialmovements are the “new politics ” which is about quality of life, individual self-realization, and human rights; whereas the “old politics” focused on economic, political, and military security. The concept of new politics can be exemplified in gay liberation, the focus of which transcends the political issue of gay rights to address the need for a social and cultural acceptance of homosexuality. Hence, new socialmovements are understood as “new,” because they are first and foremost social, unlike older movements which mostly have an economic basis.
- Ligne n°303 : The most noticeable feature of new socialmovements is that they are primarily social and cultural and only secondarily, if at all, political. Departing from the worker’s movement, which was central to the political aim of gaining access to citizenship and representation for the working class, new socialmovements concentrate on bringing about social mobilization through cultural innovations, the development of new lifestyles, and the transformation of identities. It is clearly elaborated by Habermas that new socialmovements are the “new politics ” which is about quality of life, individual self-realization, and human rights; whereas the “old politics” focused on economic, political, and military security. The concept of new politics can be exemplified in gay liberation, the focus of which transcends the political issue of gay rights to address the need for a social and cultural acceptance of homosexuality. Hence, new socialmovements are understood as “new,” because they are first and foremost social, unlike older movements which mostly have an economic basis.
- Ligne n°303 : The most noticeable feature of new socialmovements is that they are primarily social and cultural and only secondarily, if at all, political. Departing from the worker’s movement, which was central to the political aim of gaining access to citizenship and representation for the working class, new socialmovements concentrate on bringing about social mobilization through cultural innovations, the development of new lifestyles, and the transformation of identities. It is clearly elaborated by Habermas that new socialmovements are the “new politics ” which is about quality of life, individual self-realization, and human rights; whereas the “old politics” focused on economic, political, and military security. The concept of new politics can be exemplified in gay liberation, the focus of which transcends the political issue of gay rights to address the need for a social and cultural acceptance of homosexuality. Hence, new socialmovements are understood as “new,” because they are first and foremost social, unlike older movements which mostly have an economic basis.
Ligne n°304 : New socialmovements also emphasize the role of post-material values in contemporary and post-industrial society, as opposed to conflicts over material resources. According to Melucci, one of the leading new socialmovement theorists, these movements arise not from relations of production and distribution of resources, but within the sphere of reproduction and the life world. Consequently, the concern has shifted from the production of economic resources as a means of survival or for reproduction to cultural production of social relations, symbols, and identities. In other words, the contemporary socialmovements reject the materialistic orientation of consumerism in capitalist societies by questioning the modern idea that links the pursuit of happiness and success closely to growth, progress, and increased productivity and by instead promoting alternative values and understandings in relation to the social world. As an example, the environmental movement that has appeared since the late 1960s throughout the world, with its strong points in the United States and Northern Europe, has significantly brought about a “dramatic reversal” in the ways we consider the relationship between economy, society, and nature. ...
Ligne n°303 : ...The most noticeable feature of new socialmovements is that they are primarily social and cultural and only secondarily, if at all, political. Departing from the worker’s movement, which was central to the political aim of gaining access to citizenship and representation for the working class, new socialmovements concentrate on bringing about social mobilization through cultural innovations, the development of new lifestyles, and the transformation of identities. It is clearly elaborated by Habermas that new socialmovements are the “new politics ” which is about quality of life, individual self-realization, and human rights; whereas the “old politics” focused on economic, political, and military security. The concept of new politics can be exemplified in gay liberation, the focus of which transcends the political issue of gay rights to address the need for a social and cultural acceptance of homosexuality. Hence, new socialmovements are understood as “new,” because they are first and foremost social, unlike older movements which mostly have an economic basis.- Ligne n°304 : New socialmovements also emphasize the role of post-material values in contemporary and post-industrial society, as opposed to conflicts over material resources. According to Melucci, one of the leading new socialmovement theorists, these movements arise not from relations of production and distribution of resources, but within the sphere of reproduction and the life world. Consequently, the concern has shifted from the production of economic resources as a means of survival or for reproduction to cultural production of social relations, symbols, and identities. In other words, the contemporary socialmovements reject the materialistic orientation of consumerism in capitalist societies by questioning the modern idea that links the pursuit of happiness and success closely to growth, progress, and increased productivity and by instead promoting alternative values and understandings in relation to the social world. As an example, the environmental movement that has appeared since the late 1960s throughout the world, with its strong points in the United States and Northern Europe, has significantly brought about a “dramatic reversal” in the ways we consider the relationship between economy, society, and nature.
- Ligne n°304 : New socialmovements also emphasize the role of post-material values in contemporary and post-industrial society, as opposed to conflicts over material resources. According to Melucci, one of the leading new socialmovement theorists, these movements arise not from relations of production and distribution of resources, but within the sphere of reproduction and the life world. Consequently, the concern has shifted from the production of economic resources as a means of survival or for reproduction to cultural production of social relations, symbols, and identities. In other words, the contemporary socialmovements reject the materialistic orientation of consumerism in capitalist societies by questioning the modern idea that links the pursuit of happiness and success closely to growth, progress, and increased productivity and by instead promoting alternative values and understandings in relation to the social world. As an example, the environmental movement that has appeared since the late 1960s throughout the world, with its strong points in the United States and Northern Europe, has significantly brought about a “dramatic reversal” in the ways we consider the relationship between economy, society, and nature.
- Ligne n°304 : New socialmovements also emphasize the role of post-material values in contemporary and post-industrial society, as opposed to conflicts over material resources. According to Melucci, one of the leading new socialmovement theorists, these movements arise not from relations of production and distribution of resources, but within the sphere of reproduction and the life world. Consequently, the concern has shifted from the production of economic resources as a means of survival or for reproduction to cultural production of social relations, symbols, and identities. In other words, the contemporary socialmovements reject the materialistic orientation of consumerism in capitalist societies by questioning the modern idea that links the pursuit of happiness and success closely to growth, progress, and increased productivity and by instead promoting alternative values and understandings in relation to the social world. As an example, the environmental movement that has appeared since the late 1960s throughout the world, with its strong points in the United States and Northern Europe, has significantly brought about a “dramatic reversal” in the ways we consider the relationship between economy, society, and nature.
Ligne n°305 : Further, new socialmovements are located in civil society or the cultural sphere as a major arena for collective action rather than instrumental action in the state, which Claus Offe characterizes as “bypass[ing] the state. ” Moreover, since new socialmovements are not normally concerned with directly challenging the state, they are regarded as anti-authoritarian and as resisting incorporation at the institutional level. They tend to focus on a single issue, or a limited range of issues connected to a single broad theme, such as peace or the environment. New socialmovements concentrate on the grassroots level with the aim to represent the interests of marginal or excluded groups. Therefore, new collective actions are locally based, centered on small social groups and loosely held together by personal or informational networks such as radios, newspapers, and posters. This “local- and issue-centered” characteristic implies that new movements do not necessarily require a strong ideology or agreement to meet their objectives. ...
Ligne n°304 : ...New socialmovements also emphasize the role of post-material values in contemporary and post-industrial society, as opposed to conflicts over material resources. According to Melucci, one of the leading new socialmovement theorists, these movements arise not from relations of production and distribution of resources, but within the sphere of reproduction and the life world. Consequently, the concern has shifted from the production of economic resources as a means of survival or for reproduction to cultural production of social relations, symbols, and identities. In other words, the contemporary socialmovements reject the materialistic orientation of consumerism in capitalist societies by questioning the modern idea that links the pursuit of happiness and success closely to growth, progress, and increased productivity and by instead promoting alternative values and understandings in relation to the social world. As an example, the environmental movement that has appeared since the late 1960s throughout the world, with its strong points in the United States and Northern Europe, has significantly brought about a “dramatic reversal” in the ways we consider the relationship between economy, society, and nature.- Ligne n°305 : Further, new socialmovements are located in civil society or the cultural sphere as a major arena for collective action rather than instrumental action in the state, which Claus Offe characterizes as “bypass[ing] the state. ” Moreover, since new socialmovements are not normally concerned with directly challenging the state, they are regarded as anti-authoritarian and as resisting incorporation at the institutional level. They tend to focus on a single issue, or a limited range of issues connected to a single broad theme, such as peace or the environment. New socialmovements concentrate on the grassroots level with the aim to represent the interests of marginal or excluded groups. Therefore, new collective actions are locally based, centered on small social groups and loosely held together by personal or informational networks such as radios, newspapers, and posters. This “local- and issue-centered” characteristic implies that new movements do not necessarily require a strong ideology or agreement to meet their objectives.
- Ligne n°305 : Further, new socialmovements are located in civil society or the cultural sphere as a major arena for collective action rather than instrumental action in the state, which Claus Offe characterizes as “bypass[ing] the state. ” Moreover, since new socialmovements are not normally concerned with directly challenging the state, they are regarded as anti-authoritarian and as resisting incorporation at the institutional level. They tend to focus on a single issue, or a limited range of issues connected to a single broad theme, such as peace or the environment. New socialmovements concentrate on the grassroots level with the aim to represent the interests of marginal or excluded groups. Therefore, new collective actions are locally based, centered on small social groups and loosely held together by personal or informational networks such as radios, newspapers, and posters. This “local- and issue-centered” characteristic implies that new movements do not necessarily require a strong ideology or agreement to meet their objectives.
- Ligne n°305 : Further, new socialmovements are located in civil society or the cultural sphere as a major arena for collective action rather than instrumental action in the state, which Claus Offe characterizes as “bypass[ing] the state. ” Moreover, since new socialmovements are not normally concerned with directly challenging the state, they are regarded as anti-authoritarian and as resisting incorporation at the institutional level. They tend to focus on a single issue, or a limited range of issues connected to a single broad theme, such as peace or the environment. New socialmovements concentrate on the grassroots level with the aim to represent the interests of marginal or excluded groups. Therefore, new collective actions are locally based, centered on small social groups and loosely held together by personal or informational networks such as radios, newspapers, and posters. This “local- and issue-centered” characteristic implies that new movements do not necessarily require a strong ideology or agreement to meet their objectives.
Ligne n°306 : Additionally, if old socialmovements, namely the worker’s movement, presupposed a working class base and ideology, the new socialmovements are presumed to draw from a different social class base, i.e., “the new class. ” This is a complex contemporary class structure that Claus Offe identifies as “threefold” in its composition: the new middle class, elements of the old middle class, and peripheral groups outside the labor market. As stated by Offe, the new middle class has evolved in association with the old one in the new socialmovements because of its high levels of education and its access to information and resources. The groups of people that are marginal in the labor market, such as students, housewives, and the unemployed participate in the collective actions as a consequence of their higher levels of free time, their position of being at the receiving end of bureaucratic control, and their inability to be fully engaged in society specifically in terms of employment and consumption. ...
Ligne n°305 : ...Further, new socialmovements are located in civil society or the cultural sphere as a major arena for collective action rather than instrumental action in the state, which Claus Offe characterizes as “bypass[ing] the state. ” Moreover, since new socialmovements are not normally concerned with directly challenging the state, they are regarded as anti-authoritarian and as resisting incorporation at the institutional level. They tend to focus on a single issue, or a limited range of issues connected to a single broad theme, such as peace or the environment. New socialmovements concentrate on the grassroots level with the aim to represent the interests of marginal or excluded groups. Therefore, new collective actions are locally based, centered on small social groups and loosely held together by personal or informational networks such as radios, newspapers, and posters. This “local- and issue-centered” characteristic implies that new movements do not necessarily require a strong ideology or agreement to meet their objectives.- Ligne n°306 : Additionally, if old socialmovements, namely the worker’s movement, presupposed a working class base and ideology, the new socialmovements are presumed to draw from a different social class base, i.e., “the new class. ” This is a complex contemporary class structure that Claus Offe identifies as “threefold” in its composition: the new middle class, elements of the old middle class, and peripheral groups outside the labor market. As stated by Offe, the new middle class has evolved in association with the old one in the new socialmovements because of its high levels of education and its access to information and resources. The groups of people that are marginal in the labor market, such as students, housewives, and the unemployed participate in the collective actions as a consequence of their higher levels of free time, their position of being at the receiving end of bureaucratic control, and their inability to be fully engaged in society specifically in terms of employment and consumption.
- Ligne n°306 : Additionally, if old socialmovements, namely the worker’s movement, presupposed a working class base and ideology, the new socialmovements are presumed to draw from a different social class base, i.e., “the new class. ” This is a complex contemporary class structure that Claus Offe identifies as “threefold” in its composition: the new middle class, elements of the old middle class, and peripheral groups outside the labor market. As stated by Offe, the new middle class has evolved in association with the old one in the new socialmovements because of its high levels of education and its access to information and resources. The groups of people that are marginal in the labor market, such as students, housewives, and the unemployed participate in the collective actions as a consequence of their higher levels of free time, their position of being at the receiving end of bureaucratic control, and their inability to be fully engaged in society specifically in terms of employment and consumption.
- Ligne n°306 : Additionally, if old socialmovements, namely the worker’s movement, presupposed a working class base and ideology, the new socialmovements are presumed to draw from a different social class base, i.e., “the new class. ” This is a complex contemporary class structure that Claus Offe identifies as “threefold” in its composition: the new middle class, elements of the old middle class, and peripheral groups outside the labor market. As stated by Offe, the new middle class has evolved in association with the old one in the new socialmovements because of its high levels of education and its access to information and resources. The groups of people that are marginal in the labor market, such as students, housewives, and the unemployed participate in the collective actions as a consequence of their higher levels of free time, their position of being at the receiving end of bureaucratic control, and their inability to be fully engaged in society specifically in terms of employment and consumption.