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{{{children}}}        {{/children}}        {{/items}}  thank you for registering     please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be    automatically logged inplease refresh your browser to be logged in    newsukuk politics  boris johnson ‘violating international law’ with plan to build more nuclear weapons     defence review appears to breach article 6 of nuclear non-proliferation    treaty    jon stone    policy correspondent    tuesday 16 march 2021 11:33    [spinner_on_black.gif] comments    (button)    (button)  article bookmarked     find your bookmarks in your independent premium section, under my    profile    [ ] don't show me this message again    ✕    ✕    close     related video: uk will order more nuclear warheads, dominic raab    confirms     boris johnson’s plan to increase the size of the uk’s nuclear    weapons stockpile amounts to a violation of international law,    campaigners and experts have warned.     the government’s integrated defence review said the uk would be lifting    the cap on its nuclear arsenal by 40 per cent, to 260 warheads.     the uk had previously been committed to cutting its stockpile to 180    warheads by the mid-2020s, but the review said this policy would be    changed “in recognition of the evolving security environment, including    the developing range of technological and doctrinal threats”.     the announcement comes despite the uk being a signatory of the treaty    on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, which commits the    government to gradual nuclear disarmament under international law – a    policy successive administrations have stuck to.     the review also says the uk reserves the right to withdraw assurances    that it will not use nuclear weapons against a non-nuclear armed state    “if the future threat of weapons of mass destruction, such as chemical    and biological capabilities, or emerging technologies that could have a    comparable impact, makes it necessary”.     the npt rests on the promise of nuclear-armed states that they will    never use nuclear weapons on a non-nuclear armed state, as an incentive    for the latter not to seek to acquire its own arsenal.      * boris johnson attacked over ‘shocking’ plan to increase        nuclear warheads - live      * what are the new powers to ‘manage’ protests in the police        bill?      * boris johnson ‘said it was best to ignore’ covid at start of        pandemic     labour criticised the plans to increase the size of the stockpile,    though the party supports the renewal of trident in general.     “i voted for the renewal of trident and the labour party’s support for    nuclear deterrence is non-negotiable – but this review breaks the goal    of successive prime ministers and cross-party efforts to reduce our    nuclear stockpile,” sir keir starmer said in the commons. “it doesn’t    explain when, why, or for what strategic purpose.”     the labour leader added: “from europe to the indian ocean, this    government now has a reputation for breaking international law, not    defending it.”     hans kristensen, director of the nuclear information project, described    the uk announcement as “deeply disappointing”.     “this will put britain in violation of its non-proliferation treaty    article 6 obligations,” he said.     he pointed out that uk government ministers had as recently as 2015    publicly acknowledged that cuts in nuclear arsenal size were part of    the uk’s obligations under the treaty.     in a speech to the united nations on 27 april of that year, foreign    office minister baroness anelay had said the uk “remains firmly    committed to step-by-step disarmament, and our obligations under    article 6”.     she suggested action to meet these obligations included cutting “our    total number of operationally available warheads to no more than 120”    and reducing “our overall nuclear warhead stockpile to not more than    180 by the mid-2020s”.     reacting to the new policy, beatrice fihn, executive director of the    international campaign to abolish nuclear weapons (ican), said: “a    decision by the united kingdom to increase its stockpile of weapons of    mass destruction in the middle of a pandemic is irresponsible,    dangerous and violates international law.       this will put britain in violation of its article 6 obligations     hans kristensen, director of the nuclear information project     “while the british people are struggling to cope with the pandemic, an    economic crisis, violence against women, and racism, the government    choses to increase insecurity and threats in the world. this is toxic    masculinity on display.     “while the majority of the world’s nations are leading the way to a    safer future without nuclear weapons by joining the treaty on the    prohibition of nuclear weapons, the united kingdom is pushing for a    dangerous new nuclear arms race.”     in a further statement, the organisation suggested the uk would face    censure at the next npt review conference, which is due to take place    in august at the united nations.     “the united kingdom is legally obligated under the nuclear    non-proliferation treaty to pursue disarmament. states will meet soon    to review the npt’s success and when they do, the uk will have to    answer for its actions,” the statement said.     ican won the nobel peace prize in 2017 for its “ground-breaking efforts    to achieve a treaty-based prohibition” of nuclear weapons.     article 6 of the npt, to which britain is a signatory, commits    countries to “pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures    relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to    nuclear disarmament”.     kate hudson, general secretary of the uk’s campaign for nuclear    disarmament, said: “a decision to increase britain’s nuclear arsenal    absolutely goes against our legal obligations under the nuclear    non-proliferation treaty.     “not only is the uk failing to take the required steps towards    disarmament, it is willfully and actively embarking on a new nuclear    arms race – at a time when presidents biden and putin have renewed    their bilateral nuclear reductions treaty.     “britain must not be responsible for pushing the world towards nuclear    war. this is a dangerous and irresponsible move, and must be reversed.”     speaking ahead of the review’s release, dominic raab described    increasing the stockpile as the “ultimate insurance policy” against    threats from hostile states.     a missile firing from hms vigilant    (pa)     asked why the government wanted to end three decades of gradual    disarmament, mr raab told bbc radio 4’s today programme: “because over    time, as the circumstances change and the threats change, we need to    maintain a minimum credible level of deterrent.     “why? because it is the ultimate guarantee, the ultimate insurance    policy against the worst threat from hostile states.”     but the plans were criticised by the scottish national party, which    governs scotland, where the nuclear arsenal is actually based.     stewart mcdonald, the party’s defence spokesperson, said: “renewing    trident nuclear weapons was already a shameful and regressive decision,    however, increasing the cap on the number of trident weapons the uk can    stockpile by more than 40 per cent is nothing short of abhorrent.     “it speaks volumes of the tory government’s spending priorities that it    is intent on increasing its collection of weapons of mass destruction –    which will sit and gather dust unless the uk has plans to    indiscriminately wipe out entire populations – rather than address the    serious challenges and inequalities in our society that have been    further exposed by the pandemic.”     asked why the uk was lifting the cap on its nuclear stockpile, boris    johnson’s official spokesperson said: “in recent years, we have seen    nuclear armed states ignore international norms. it remains the case    that we believe the best way to protect ourselves and our nato allies    is to make sure we have a credible nuclear deterrent.  world news in pictures     show all 50  1/50world news in pictures     (button)  world news in pictures  11 january 2022     a shopkeeper poses for a photo in front of a shop selling decorations    in the old quarter of hanoi ahead of the lunar new year or tet holiday     afp/getty  world news in pictures  10 january 2022     members of the serbian community march in melbourne, australia, in    support of tennis player novak djokovic, who was being kept in an    immigration detention center after his visa was revoked upon landing in    the country     epa  world news in pictures  9 january 2022     a firefighter of minas gerais state seeks for victms after a wall of    rock collapsed on top of motor boats below a waterfall in capitolio, in    minas gerais state, brazil     reuters  world news in pictures  8 january 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shooting at oxford high school at lake    pointe community church in lake orion, michiga     afp/getty  world news in pictures  29 november 2021     aerial photograph shows the haut-koenigsbourg castle in orschwiller,    eastern france     afp/getty  world news in pictures  28 november 2021     candles are seen in front of the reichstag building in berlin to draw    attention to the refugees situation at the polish-belarusian border     afp/getty  world news in pictures  27 november 2021     protestors take to the streets of burkina faso’s capital ouagadougou,    calling for president roch marc christian kabore to resign. the protest    comes after the deadliest attack in years against the security forces    in the sahel’s soum province earlier this month, where more than 50    security forces were killed and after an attack in the center north    region where 19 people including nine members of the security forces    were killed     ap  world news in pictures  26 november 2021     medics transfer patients infected with the coronavirus (covid-19) into    the airbus a310-900 mrtt medevac hermann koehl of the german armed    forces bundeswehr before they are airlifted and transported to other    intensive care units (icu) in the country, at memmingen airport,    bavaria, southern germany     afp via getty  world news in pictures  25 november 2021     fans pay a tribute to late argentine former football player diego    armando maradona on the first anniversary of his death in the spanish    district of naples     afp/getty  world news in pictures  24 november 2021     the sun rises above 42nd street during a reverse 'manhattanhenge' in    new york, new york photographed from weehawken, new jersey.    'manhattanhenge' is a phenomenon during which the setting sun or the    rising sun is aligned with the eastwest streets of the main street grid    of manhattan, new york city.     afp/getty  world news in pictures  23 november 2021     officials work at the site of a bus accident, in which at least 46    people were killed, on a highway near the village of bosnek, south of    sofia     afp/getty    (button)     “the 260 figure is a ceiling, not a target. we will continue to keep    this under review in the light of the international security climate    and make adjustments as appropriate.”     the spokesperson said that the expected cost of additional nuclear    capabilities would be made public “in due course”, but said the    government was committed to maintaining a “minimum credible independent    deterrent”.     he added: “the nuclear non-proliferation treaty doesn’t require us to    reduce the number of warheads.     “what you have seen in the integrated review is consistent with our    non-proliferation treaty obligations.”     just nine countries in the world still have nuclear weapons, putting    the uk out of step with most of its european neighbours.     france is the only country in the european union with nuclear weapons.    the other recognised nuclear states under the npt are the united    states, russia, and china.     india, pakistan, and north korea also have weapons, and israel is    generally understood to have weapons but does not publicly acknowledge    their existence.     the claim that the uk is violating international law on its nuclear    disarmament obligations comes after ministers admitted to breaking it    over brexit. the government suggested this breach was acceptable    because the law had only been broken in a “limited and specific” way.  register for free to continue reading     registration is a free and easy way to support our truly independent    journalism     by registering, you will also enjoy limited access to premium articles,    exclusive newsletters, commenting, and virtual events with our leading    journalists    (button) register    ____________________email    please enter a valid email    please enter a valid email    ____________________password    must be at least 6 characters, include an upper and lower case    character and a number    must be at least 6 characters, include an upper and lower case    character and a number    must be at least 6 characters, include an upper and lower case    character and a number    ____________________first name    please enter your first name    special characters aren’t allowed    please enter a name between 1 and 40 characters    ____________________last name    please enter your last name    special characters aren’t allowed    please enter a name between 1 and 40 characters    [select your year of birth]    you must be over 18 years old to register    you must be over 18 years old to register    year of birth    [ ] i would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from    the independent.    read our privacy notice    opt-out-policy    you can opt-out at any time by signing in to your account to manage    your preferences. each email has a link to unsubscribe.    {{userref}}_________     {{#verifyerrors}} {{message}} {{/verifyerrors}} {{^verifyerrors}}    {{message}} {{/verifyerrors}}     (button) create my account     by clicking ‘create my account’ you confirm that your data has been    entered correctly and you have read and agree to our terms of    use, cookie policy and privacy notice.     this site is protected by recaptcha and the google privacy    policy and terms of service apply.    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